1. HI5030 Business Systems Analysis And Design
Answer:
Introduction:
The purpose of the paper is to analyse the various studies related Information Architecture
and UX/UI Design to identify the approaches towards methodologies, data collecting and
analysis and the result from the subsequent studies. The paper is aimed to critically analyse
the recent academic researches to find out the importance of information structure and
UI/UX design in modern application and services. Each academic paper has its own way of
utilizing UI/UX design to enhance the experience of the users and induce satisfaction and
involvement. The information architecture is the core of UI/UX design to result a highly
attractive and quality websites.
Discussion: Article 1
Nowakowski, M., 2020. Comparative Analysis of Information Usefulness Evaluation
Methods on Business Internet Services. European Research Studies, 23(2), pp.292-306.
The article contributes to defining the importance of usefulness of information and
evaluates methods for presentation of internet services and business websites for
increasing efficiency. It presents us with the comparison and the applications of the
usefulness of information, later evaluated by methods for graphical and textual
presentation of internet services of businesses.
According to the quantitative approach of UX/UI design research are methods of
experimentation which help in precisely measuring the data by collection followed by
analysis od statistical reports and relationship of cause-effect. This method includes data
collection surveys, quizzes, interviews, analysis from statistics of click-tracking and analysis
of the logs from the server.
Qualitative approach of UI/UX design research is done by building a descriptive information
about observations from collection of data and analysis. Thoughts, ideas and insights are
generated on the various patterns and trends observed. This method includes use of
heuristic analysis, reviews and inspections, cognitive walkthrough, action analysis and
2. group discussions.
Three evaluations are used, namely formative evaluation, interpretive evaluation and
summative evaluation. These evaluations have led to achieve applicability of the analysed
data and better understanding about the usefulness of information. The article provides
learning about UI/UX data collection and analysis methods.
Article 2:
Kosmarski, A., 2020. Blockchain adoption in academia: Promises and challenges. Journal of
Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), p.117.
This article provides an outline for the development of the blockchain technologies and
adoption in various sectors and study the perception of participants in adaptation of
distributed ledger system (DLT). This had led to various challenges and problems for the
lack of information infrastructure and weak design of UX/UI in current blockchain
applications.
The paper aims to fulfil the gap about the experience in blockchain adoption. Studies are
provided on use of DLT with blockchain adoption evaluating from point of view of an actor
and determine its key challenges. The data collection is guided by qualitative approach
based on critical project review, interviews, and focus groups of professionals.
The results from the analysis shows concern for applications not being simple with the
design of UX/UI. As the benefits of integration of DLT with blockchain was not clear,
blockchain integration would require use of excess resources and considerate
understanding about computational thinking. The applications would never reach their
goals as the customer interaction with the applications is not satisfying, requires
concentration and difficult to use. This report clearly shows the need of information
architecture to create understanding about the requirement of blockchain and simple
UX/UI design to attract more engaged audience.
Article 3:
Villegas-Ch, W., Arias-Navarrete, A. and Palacios-Pacheco, X., 2020. Proposal of an
Architecture for the Integration of a Chatbot with Artificial Intelligence in a Smart Campus
for the Improvement of Learning. Sustainability, 12(4), p.1500.
The article provides a guide to the use of technologies to improve the interest of the student
toward active learning, The article shows the need of information architecture for chatbot
in smart campus with reliable UX/UI for enabling simulated human conversation.
An AI model is introduced in the system that suits the smart campus infrastructure. Smart
3. Campus is composed of layers of AI operation. The first layer acquires data from three
groups of participants by using IoT devices about the activities being carried out. The
second layer is responsible for storing the public data in several databases or cloud to help
in analysis. The third layer helps with analysis of data that are present in databases and
cloud. The fourth layer offers the service of Chatbot to all the students and teachers
providing a strong library management system in university website with easy UI/UX
design and information infrastructure providing active learning.
Implementation of a chatbot has led to improvement in performance of the students in
actively learning topics and increased class participation, monitoring on the development of
performance in academic activities performed and suggesting activities for continuous
improvement.
Article 4:
Kelly, N. and Gero, J.S., 2021. Design thinking and computational thinking: a dual process
model for addressing design problems. Design Science, 7.
The paper addresses the relationship of design thinking with computational thinking to
determine and address the problems of design. The article contributes to the need of dual
process model to understand designing tools that help in working with both design and
computational thinking
Deep understanding is developed on the theoretical foundation of the design thinking by
learning the relationship between it and computational thinking. A proposed ontology is
used to determine the relationship among the thinking with an ontological approach space
for addressing the problems with specificity of framing and solutions. Clear knowledge is
provided for the professionals to work within the space addressing different problems.
The Dual process of thinking is introduced to help the developers understand the existing
and future tools for designing. Computational tools are helping the designer support both
thinking and allow fluid movement among them. Current UI/UX design of recent times are
shows similar processes of evolution by updating from freehand sketching to automation of
generation of code.
The paper contributes with the need of structuring information and UI/UX designs to use
both ways of thinking to address the problems by fluid movement.
Article 5:
Feidakis, M., Chatzigeorgiou, C., Karamperi, C., Giannakos, L., Xefteris, V.R., Ntioudis, D.,
Tsanousa, A., Kogias, D.G., Patrikakis, C., Meditskos, G. and Gorgogetas, G., 2021. Smart
Interconnected Infrastructures for Security and Protection: The DESMOS
4. Project. Computers, 10(9), p.116.
This paper demonstrates the DESMOS project as an ecosystem for various interconnected
smart devices, applications and infrastructure providing a secured environment for the
tourists. It provides to the main report by focusing on the user acceptance for the UX.UI
design of the DESMOS project and their architecture of information.
The DESMOS aims to provide a smart information infrastructure by connecting nodes of IoT
like smartphones, sensors, bands and applications in a cloud-based open stack platform.
The project requires study of use cases and scenarios, analysis of user requirements and
indicators for customer satisfaction. Mobile applications and privacy inference rules and
mechanisms are implemented followed by integration, validation and testing. Data
collection is done by online and offline questionnaires analysing the main criteria for UI/UX
design.
The paper contributes in understanding the UI/UX design and need of information
infrastructure by evaluating the main guideline. It states the product should be attractive
with ease of use and satisfying feel. The usability of the application should be well defined.
The response time should be minimal. The interaction should be controlled and secured.
There is increase in motivation among users with novelty and innovations.
Article 6:
Eliakis, S., Kotsopoulos, D., Karagiannaki, A. and Pramatari, K., 2020. Survival and Growth in
Innovative Technology Entrepreneurship: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. Administrative
Sciences, 10(3), p.39.
This article describes the advantages and challenges of growth and survival of modern
innovative technologies by combining the result from qualitative and quantitative analysis.
The paper briefly describes the need of UX/UI optimization techniques to guide the
entrepreneurs to provide customer satisfaction and regulate business activities efficiently.
The findings from the research helps in examination of maturity and growth revealing
characteristics of the entrepreneurial team and the present employees to be technically
sound and innovative contributing to the survival of the company. Three stages of
evolutions are determined with an evolutionary growth in the beginning of the project, a
revolutionary growth with gaining competitive advantage by innovation followed by the
second evolutionary maturity stage.
The paper provides the purpose of UI/UX optimization, structuring information as
additional services and consulting for business intelligence. With various marketing
strategies like search engine marketing, email and social media marketing, optimization of
search engines, consultancy for digital marketing and development of websites. Thus,
5. enhancing UX/UI design is required for the participants to make sure that their website and
applications provide maximum satisfaction to their customers and increased usability.
Article 7:
Janoskova, P., Stofkova, K.R., Kovacikova, M., Stofkova, J. and Kovacikova, K., 2021. The
Concept of a Smart City Communication in the Form of an Urban Mobile
Application. Sustainability, 13(17), p.9703.
The paper describes the concept of designing a smart solution to facilitate two-way
communication inside smart city by development of a smart phone application. The paper
defines the need of structing information to gain knowledge for UX/UI design of the
application. Steps for UI/UX design are defined and implemented which help in
development of the smart city.
The method used in the paper is UI/UX design methods that help in creation of the structure
for the design of the application. User behaviour investigation is done with interviews and
questionnaires to determine the main objectives. Analysis of the data leads to designing the
information architecture with structure and connectivity between the contents of the
application. Understanding is developed about the users trying to access information.
Interactive wireframes and protypes are created based on the knowledge acquired.
The smart city application is necessary to keep a constant communication between the city
and its citizen. A platform is provided for the citizens to avail the services offered by the
city. The useful UI/UX designs are adopted to increase efficiency and fluid operations
leading to customer satisfaction. It helps in creating information infrastructure for ease of
understanding the applications.
Article 8:
Sciascia, S., Radin, M., Cecchi, I., Di Nunzio, P., Buccarano, N., Di Gregorio, F., Valeria, M.,
Osella, S., Crosasso, P., Favuzzi, M.D. and Rubini, E., 2020. Tailoring tofacitinib oral therapy
in rheumatoid arthritis: the TuTORApp—a usability study. International journal of
environmental research and public health, 17(10), p.3469.
The paper describes about creating a smart phone application that will allow patients to
take care of their medical problems facilitated with proper treatment. This paper
contributes to development of an architecture for providing information to its audience and
UX/UI design implementation and development. The project starts with designing and
development of the mobile application that will remind the patients for their medicinal
intakes, access visits and test arranged and maintain compliance with their therapeutic
planning.
6. The validation of the application is checked by inclusion of patients using it by evaluation of
results from self-management improvement, monitoring and alerts for medication and
database of clinical follow-ups.
Importance is given to designing for the UI/UX to facilitate the easy use of the application,
interactive visual presentation and design to maximize the experience and the satisfaction
of the users. The patients are the one in need thus the application should be maintaining
alerts for medication and provide users with progress indicators visualization and
gamification. It facilitates an innovative UI/UX design following the guidelines to provide
structured information on tests, exams, visits and therapy.
Article 9:
Yu, F., Ruel, L., Tyler, R., Xu, Q., Cui, H., Karanasios, S., Nguyen, B.X., Keilbach, A. and Mostafa,
J., 2020. Innovative UX Methods for Information Access Based on Interdisciplinary
Approaches: Practical Lessons from Academia and Industry. Data and Information
Management, 4(1), pp.74-80.
The article broadly describes the need for UX/UI design education, approaches towards
education and various curriculums with existing practices. Furthermore, it contributes in
understanding the method of learning, challenges of UX/UI and information architecture by
developing new ideas from presentations, workshops and discussions.
The research follows the to gain understanding about the terminologies, concepts and
guidance for redesigning the UX/UI curriculum for a school. It aims to facilitate the teachers
with new topics, directions and ideas to enhancing their teaching about UI/UX designs. It
helps the student be accustomed to the market demand of UI/UX design and address its
interdisciplinary nature.
The result of workshop activities led by discussion of the panel members proposed a
learning based on the challenges of UI/UX designs led by projects of prototyping and skill
management. The industry and business practices are well understood by the teachers to
share knowledge to the students with active participation helping them to build a strong
prospect for their career.
The paper provides a wide range of different perspective on UI/UX design development
from the members to demonstrate the importance of UI/UX education and structuring
usability research.
Article 10:
Guimarães, V., Oliveira, E., Carvalho, A., Cardoso, N., Emerich, J., Dumoulin, C., Swinnen, N.,
De Jong, J. and de Bruin, E.D., 2021. An Exergame Solution for Personalized Multicomponent
7. Training in Older Adults. Applied Sciences, 11(17), p.7986.
The paper describes the need of exergames among old people to increase motivation for
training and reduced physical impairments. The paper illustrates the design and
architecture of an exergame by definition of game mechanics and structure provided by
UI/UX designers and game developers to induce smooth functionality and operation.
The project of creation of exergame was structured by the investigation stage, development
phase and evaluations with trials. The investigation method is done to gain understanding
about the needs and objectives of the users provided by survey from end users and group of
clinicians. The development stage is carried out from the results of the investigation phase
followed by evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of the exergame and the gaming
experience.
UI/UX design plays part in the design of the game, strategies for gamification and enhancing
the experience and satisfaction of the users. The interface is based on requirements for
older adults thus providing simple visual representation, clear distinction in the actionable
elements and auditory feedbacks of in-game actions. The experience from the gain is aimed
to keep users motivated by distributing exercises into minigames with simple instructions.
Conclusion:
The report analyses the importance of Computer architecture and UX/UI design in
development of new innovative technologies for analysing various approaches towards
design and architecture of a system. The articles discussed above provides supportive
information to create a solid ground for learning about the topic. The paper comprises of
articles with important relation to UI/UX design and information architecture describing
the importance of satisfaction of user experience by enchanting the understanding about
UI/UX designs for websites and applications. Learning is obtained about various
methodologies of implementation, research purposes, methods of designs and structuring
information with the process of data collection and analysis. Results of the researches are
discussed critically analysing the papers and relation to the main research of understanding
the importance of Computer architecture and UX/UI design.
Bibliography:
Eliakis, S., Kotsopoulos, D., Karagiannaki, A. and Pramatari, K., 2020. Survival and Growth in
Innovative Technology Entrepreneurship: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. Administrative
Sciences, 10(3), p.39.
Feidakis, M., Chatzigeorgiou, C., Karamperi, C., Giannakos, L., Xefteris, V.R., Ntioudis, D.,
Tsanousa, A., Kogias, D.G., Patrikakis, C., Meditskos, G. and Gorgogetas, G., 2021. Smart
Interconnected Infrastructures for Security and Protection: The DESMOS
8. Project. Computers, 10(9), p.116.
Guimarães, V., Oliveira, E., Carvalho, A., Cardoso, N., Emerich, J., Dumoulin, C., Swinnen, N.,
De Jong, J. and de Bruin, E.D., 2021. An Exergame Solution for Personalized Multicomponent
Training in Older Adults. Applied Sciences, 11(17), p.7986.
Janoskova, P., Stofkova, K.R., Kovacikova, M., Stofkova, J. and Kovacikova, K., 2021. The
Concept of a Smart City Communication in the Form of an Urban Mobile
Application. Sustainability, 13(17), p.9703.
Kelly, N. and Gero, J.S., 2021. Design thinking and computational thinking: a dual process
model for addressing design problems. Design Science, 7.
Kosmarski, A., 2020. Blockchain adoption in academia: Promises and challenges. Journal of
Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), p.117.
Nowakowski, M., 2020. Comparative Analysis of Information Usefulness Evaluation
Methods on Business Internet Services. European Research Studies, 23(2), pp.292-306.
Sciascia, S., Radin, M., Cecchi, I., Di Nunzio, P., Buccarano, N., Di Gregorio, F., Valeria, M.,
Osella, S., Crosasso, P., Favuzzi, M.D. and Rubini, E., 2020. Tailoring tofacitinib oral therapy
in rheumatoid arthritis: the TuTORApp—a usability study. International journal of
environmental research and public health, 17(10), p.3469.
Villegas-Ch, W., Arias-Navarrete, A. and Palacios-Pacheco, X., 2020. Proposal of an
Architecture for the Integration of a Chatbot with Artificial Intelligence in a Smart Campus
for the Improvement of Learning. Sustainability, 12(4), p.1500.
Yu, F., Ruel, L., Tyler, R., Xu, Q., Cui, H., Karanasios, S., Nguyen, B.X., Keilbach, A. and Mostafa,
J., 2020. Innovative UX Methods for Information Access Based on Interdisciplinary
Approaches: Practical Lessons from Academia and Industry. Data and Information
Management, 4(1), pp.74-80.
