Application of real-time system Discussion about 4g, the architecture of 4g, and service-based architecture 5g.

1. 4G and 5G
Communication
By
Manash Kumar Mondal
M.Tech ,Part 1, 2nd Semester

2. Outline
Introduction to Mobile Communication
Types of Spectrum (Radio wave)
1st Generation (1G)
2nd Generation (2G&2.5G)
3rd Generation (3G/3.5G/3.7G)
4th Generation (4G)
Architecture of 4G
Advantages of 4G
Why we move to 5G?
5th Generation (5G)
Architecture of 5G
Comparison between 4G and 5G
References

3. Introduction to Mobile Communication
G. Marconi, an Italian inventor, unlocked the path of recent day wireless
communications with the help of electromagnetic waves
in 1929.
The first commercially cellular network, the
1G generation, was launched in Japan by
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT)
in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of
Tokyo.

4. Types of Spectrum (Radio wave)
Radio Wave
(Spectrum)
Licensed
Spectrum
1G 2G 2.5G 3G
Unlicensed
Spectrum
3.5G 3.7G 4G

5. 1st Generation (1G)
The 1st Generation was announced in initial 1980’s.
It has a data rate up to 2.4kbps.
Access Technology: Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS),
Frequency Division Multiple Access(FDMA).
Frequency Band: 800MHz
Bandwidth:30KHz
Switching technology: Circuit
Application: Voice

6. 2nd Generation (2G&2.5G)
2nd Generation was introduced in late 1990’s.
It has a data rate up to 10kbps./ (for 2.5G 50kbps to 250kbps)
Access Technology: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM),Time Division Multiple
Access(TDMA).Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)./( for 2.5G General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS),Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE).)
Frequency Band: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
Bandwidth:200KHz
Switching technology :Circuit/(2.5 G uses Packet)
Application: Voice and Data.

7. 3rd Generation (3G/3.5G/3.7G)
The 3rd generation was established in late 2000.
It has a data rate up to 384 Kbps./for 3.5G 5- 30 Mbps/ for 3.7G
Access Technology: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA), Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System (UMTS)/ for 3.5G Speed Upload/ Download Packet
Access(USUPA/USDPA), Evolution- Data Optimized(EDO)
Frequency Band:800/ 850/900/1800/1900/2100 MHz
Bandwidth:5MHz
Switching technology: Circuit/Packet
Application: Voice and Data + Video calling

8. 4th Generation (4G)
Data rate Download - 3Gbps, Upload -1.6 Mbps for LTE-A and 100-200 Mbps Mobile Wi-
MAX
Access Technology: Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), Wi-MAX(Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access)
Frequency Band:1.8-2.6GHz
Bandwidth:1.4-20MHz
Switching technology: Packet Switching
Application: Voice and Data + Video calling, Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS), Digital Video Broadcasting etc.

9. Architecture of 4G(3GPP standard)
Server
PDN
PCRF
P-GW
EPC
Evolved Packet Core
Packet Data
NetworkEnodeBUser Equipment
E-UTRAN
Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Network
EBS: Evolved Base Station MME: Mobility Management Entity HSS: Home Subscriber Server
S-GW: Serving Gateway P-GW: Packet Data Network Gateway PCRF: Packet Control and changing Rule Function
S-GW
HSSMME
C-Plane
S1
Interface
U-Plane
3GPP- 3rd Generation partnership project, http://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp/about-3gpp

10. Advantages of 4G
Reduced delays for both connection establishment and transmission latency.
Increased user Data Throughput.
Increased cell edge bit rate.
Reduced cost per bit implying improved spectral efficiency.
Simplified network architecture.
Seamless Mobility including between different Radio access technology.
Reasonable power consumption for the mobile device.
It provides integrated security services.

11. Why we move to 5G?
At present, 4G is latency up to 40ms and 60ms, which is low-latency but not enough to
provide real-time response. 5G’s prospective ultra-low-latency could range between 1ms and
10ms.
User increase in exponentially
More network coverage higher
available spectrum
Data rate, frequency band
More secure then 4G
Uninterrupted Services

12. 5th Generation (5G)
Data rate 10-50Gbps (expected)
Access Technology: Beam Division Multiple Access (BDMA) and Non-and quasi-orthogonal or
Filter Bank multi- carrier (FBMC) multiple access.
Frequency Band:1.8-2.6GHz and 30-300GHz.(expected)
Bandwidth:60GHz
Switching technology: Packet
Application: Ultra High definition Video ,Virtual reality
application Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) etc.

13. Architecture of 5G
AMF SMF UPF PCF UDF NRF
G NodeB G NodeB
AMF: Access and Mobility management
Function
SMF: Session Management Function
UPF: User Plane Function
PCF: Policy Control Function
UDM: Unified Data Management
NFR: Network Repository Function
Xn Interface
UE
N-RAN
Source: 3GPP TR 23.501, November 2017, Heavy Reading white paper — Service-Based Architecture for 5G Core Networks.
Core components of 5G

14. Massive MIMO
A wireless network that allows the transmitting and receiving of more than one data signal
simultaneously over the same radio channel.
Standard MIMO use two or four antennas. Massive MIMO, is a MIMO system with an
especially high number of antennas.
Massive MIMO systems with as many as
96 to 128 antennas.
A Massive MIMO network will also be more
responsive to devices transmitting in higher
frequency bands, which will improve coverage.
Image credit: Linkoping University

15. Comparison between 4G and 5G
Type 4G 5G
Data Rate Data rate Download - 3Gbps, Upload
-1.6 Mbps for LTE-A and100-200
Mbps Mobile Wi-MAX
Data rate 10-50Gbps (expected)
Access Technology Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-
A), Wi-MAX(Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave
Access)
Beam Division Multiple Access
(BDMA) and Non-and quasi-
orthogonal or Filter Bank multi-
carrier (FBMC) multiple access.
Frequency Band 1.8-2.6GHz 1.8-2.6GHz and 30-
300GHz.(expected)
Bandwidth 1.4-20MHz 60GHz
Switching technology Packet Packet
Application Online Gaming ,High Definition
Television.
Ultra High definition Video ,
virtual reality application

16. References
A. Gupta, R.K Jha , A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies. SPECIAL
SECTION ONRECENT ADVANCES IN SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING FOR 5G NETWORKS,
2015. doi10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2461602, IEEE
Service- Based Architecture for 5G Core Networks-A Heavy Reading white paper for Huawei technologies
Co. Ltd, November 2017.
www.slideshare.net
www.youtube.com
www.tutorialpoint.com
www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp/about-3gpp

17. THANK YOU