data and types of data

1. K.Mahamad rafi

2.  The data are facts , and other raw materials ,
past and present , serving as bases for study
and analyses
 The search for answers to research questions is
called collection of data.

3.  Primary sources
 Original sources from which the researcher
directly collects data that have not been
previously collected.
 Secondary sources
 These sources containing data which have been
collected and compiled for another purpose.

4.  Observation
 Interviewing
 Mail survey
 Experimentation
 Simulation
 Projective technique

5.  Viewing or seeing
 A systematic viewing of specific phenomenon
in its proper setting the specific purpose of
gathering data for particular study
 Types
 Participant & non participant observation
 Direct & indirect observation
 Controlled & un controlled observation

6.  It is a two way systematic conversation
between an investigator and an informant ,
initiated obtaining information relevant to a
specific study
 Types
 Structured & unstructured interview
 Focused interview
 Clinical interview
 depth interview

7.  This method involves sending questionnaires
to the respondents with a request to complete
them and return to mail them.
 Alternative modes
 Personal delivery
 Attaching questionnaire to product
 Advertising questionnaire
 News stand inserts

8.  It is a research process used to study the causal
relationships between variables.
 Types
 Laboratory experiment
 Field experiment
 Validity

9.  It is a process of conducting experiments on a
symbolic model representating phenomenon
 The exercise of a flexible limitation of process
and outcomes for the purpose of clarifying or
explaining the underlying mechanisms
involved
 Types
 Man
 Computer
 Man – computer

10.  It involve presentation of ambiguous stimuli to
the respondents for interpretation.
 Types
 Thematic apperception test
 Word association test
 Story completion test
 Finger painting

11.  County health departments
 Vital Statistics – birth, death certificates
 Hospital, clinic, school nurse records
 Private and foundation databases(web based)
 City and county governments
 Surveillance data from state government
programs
 Federal agency statistics - Census, NIH, etc.