Practical Research II

1. COLLECTION OF
QUANTITATIVE DATA

2. Quantitative Data
 These are data which are measurable, numerical,
and related to a metrical system.
Descriptive qualities: age, shape, speed, amount,
height, weight, number, positions are measurable.

3. Techniques in Collecting Quantitative
Data
1. OBSERVATION
 Sense organs is used to gather information about
people, things, places, events and so on.
Watching and listening to them then record them with
the use of numbers.
Example: Watching patients lining up at a medical
clinic.

4. 2 kinds of Observation
1. Direct observation- seeing, touching, and hearing the
sources of data personally
2. Indirect observation- if you see and hear your subjects by
means of technological and electronic gadgets

5. Techniques in Collecting Quantitative
Data
2. SURVEY
 data-gathering technique that makes you obtain facts or
information about the subject or object of your research
through data-gathering instruments of interview and
questionnaire.

6. Survey is done through?
1. Questionnaire
 is a paper containing series of questions formulated for an individual
and will be independently answered by respondents.
 a good instrument for collecting data from a big number of respondents
situated in different places.
 responses yielded by this instrument are given their numerical
forms(numbers, fractions, percentages) and categories and are subjected
to statistical analysis.
susceptible to waste of money, time, and effort

7. Survey is done through?
2. Interview
 makes you ask a set of questions orally.
Order of Interview Questions
First set of questions-opening questions
Second set of questions- generative questions
Third set of questions- directive questions
Fourth set of questions- ending questions

8. Guidelines in Formulating Interview
Questions
1. Use clear and simple language.
2. Avoid using acronyms, abbreviations, jargons, and highfalutin
terms.
3. let one question elicit only one answer.
4. Express your point in exact, specific, bias-free, and gender-free
language.
5. Establish continuity or free-flow of ideas/ thoughts of the
respondents by using appropriate follow-up questions.
6. Ask questions in a sequential manner.

9. Techniques in Collecting Quantitative
Data
3. EXPERIMENT
 is a scientific method of collecting data whereby you give the
subjects a sort of treatment or condition then evaluate the results to
find out the effect of such treatment.
Pre-test Treatment Post-test
 for discovering, verifying, and illustrating theories,
hypothesis, or facts.

10. Techniques in Collecting Quantitative
Data
4. CONTENT ANALYSIS
 searching through several oral or written forms of
communication to find answers to your research questions.
examining printed materials
 the focus of the study is on a single subject or on two
entities to determine their comparative features.

11. MEASUREMENT SCALES
FOR QUANTITATIVE
DATA

12. NOMINAL SCALE
 categorizing or classifying things based on a
certain criterion like gender, religion, position,
origin, brand, etc.

13. ORDINAL SCALE
 used to indicate the rank or hierarchical
order of things.

14. INTERVAL SCALE
 used to show equal intervals or differences of people’s views and
attitudes like the Likert Attitude Scale
Example:
Strongly Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree
Always Most of the time Sometimes Rarely Never
Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent

15. RATIO SCALE
 rating something from zero to a certain point
 Example: Performance in Math Subject- a grade of
89% (from 0 to 100%)

16. ACTIVITY 4
Directions: Using the table below, compare and contrast each pair of expressions.
Pair of Expressions Compare Contrast
Qualitative data vs.
Quantitative data
Interview vs.
Questionnaire
Direct observation vs.
mediated observation
Pre-test vs. Post-test
Interval scale vs. Ratio
scale