w3.pptx

Unit 1: General Concepts
in Science, Technology,
and Society
Chapter 1: Historical
Antecedents in the Course
of Science and Technology

Chapter 1: Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology
A. Ancient Times
People were concerned with transportation and
navigation, communication and record-keeping, mass
production, security protection and also health,
aesthetics, and architecture.
Transportation – during ancient times, the vast world
was not fully discovered hence people venture out in
search for food and better environments.
 Communication – history, mapping, and
documentation of trade was important as well as
establishing a way of communication.
Weapons and armors – used as means of security and
protection and as offense to fight off invaders or
conquer lands.

A. Ancient Times
Conservation of life – discovering of
cures and the prevention of illness
help conserve the population of the
community. Engineering and
Architecture – were developed to
improve transportation, fortify
defences from invaders and natural
disasters, and a symbol of
technological advancement.

A. Ancient Times
1. Sumerian Civilization -
Located on the
southernmost tip of
Mesopotamia; desire
continuous advancement
- Cuneiform: first writing
system; word pictures and
triangular symbols carved
on clay using wedged
instruments and dried.

A. Ancient Times
• Uruk City: considered to be the first true city;
made of only mud and clay

A. Ancient Times
• The Great Ziggurat of Ur: constructed
similarly to Uruk City; serves as the sacred
place

A. Ancient Times
1. Sumerian Civilization
• Irrigation and
Dikes: canals used
to water farmlands
and control flooding
of rivers
• -Sailboats: used as
transportation of
goods and as means
to travel and
discover lands

A. Ancient Times
1. Sumerian Civilization
• Wheel: used to
improve farm work but
was later used for
transportation
• The Plow: used to
efficiently plant seeds
• Roads: built using sun-
baked bricks and
bitumen for easier
travel and smoother
flow of traffic

A. Ancient Times
2. Babylonian Civilization
• Located near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers;
great builders, engineers and architects.
• Hanging Gardens of Babylon: Is said to be a
mythical place due to its lack of archaeological
documentation, the garden is made of layers
upon layers of different species of plant life,
which is said to be made by the great
Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II for his
wife, Queen Amytis.

A. Ancient Times
2. Babylonian Civilization
Hanging Gardens of Babylon

A. Ancient Times
3. Egyptian Civilization
- Located in North Africa; great
engineering feats that makes it
well known for its legacy.
- Paper or Papyrus: Egyptians
revolutionized writing through
paper created from the plant
papyrus, processed in order to
produce thin sheets where one
can write on. Ink was also
invented which is used to write
and is tamper-proof so people
could not erase or replace the
words written.

A. Ancient Times
- Hieroglyphics: the language
used to convey the rich history
of the Egyptians; well-
preserved because it is carved
on walls of the pyramids and
other structures.
- Cosmetics: Invented by
Egyptians not to improve facial
features, but to prevent
diseases and symbolize beauty
as holiness.

A. Ancient Times
- Wig: were worn for
health and wellness
- Water
Clock/Clepsydra:
used to track time by
the amount or
height of the water
from one vessel to
the other.

A. Ancient Times
4. Greek Civilization - located in the
southeastern part of Europe; birthplace
of western philosopy; contributed
greatly on the field of science and
technology.
- Alarm Clock: used to tell when to start
or stop by a mechanism created from
either water, small stones or sand
contained in drums.

A. Ancient Times
4. Greek Civilization
- Water Mill: considered as one of the most important
contributions of the Greek civilization to the world; used
in agricultural processes like milling of grains; a
mechanism built in rivers or flowing water with a large
wheel with small buckets.

A. Ancient Times
5. Roman Civilization
- Strongest political and social entity in the west;
specializes on politics and governance.
- Newspaper: the first
newspapers were known as
gazettes, which is engraved in
metal or stone tablets before
the creation of paper,
which made it more efficient;
gazettes are used as public
announcements and are
displayed for the public to see.

A. Ancient Times
- Bound Books or Codex: Julius Caesar was the one who
started the tradition of stacking paper to form books;
people later included book covers made from clay,
eventually from dead animal skin, to cover and protect
the pages.

A. Ancient Times
- Roman Architecture: resembles
Greek architecture, but pioneered new
building and engineering technology on
architectural designs established from
the past. More advance equipment,
designs and knowledge paved way to
greater and more sturdier infrastructures
ike churches, aqueducts, coliseums,
amphitheaters, and even residential
houses.
- Roman Numerals: The Romans own number system
used to address the need for communication and trade.

A. Ancient Times
6. Chinese Civilization
- Considered as the oldest civilization in Asia;
located in the far east of Asia; famous for its silk
trade.
- Silk: although naturally
produced by silkworms,
Chinese developed a way to
harvest it and use for paper
and clothing production.

A. Ancient Times
- Tea Production: created from hot water and
dried tea leaves;
Chinese inventors
created a wheel-based
machine that shreds
tea leaves into strips.

A. Ancient Times
- Great Wall of China: is said to be the largest
and most extensive infrastructure that the nation
built; Made with stone, brick, wood, earth, and
other materials.

A. Ancient Times
- Gunpowder: was initially
planned to be an elixir of
life, but instead
accidentally invented as a
black power that
generates heat and gas if
ignited; commonly used
in weaponry to defend or to conquer lands, but
also used as a component of fireworks.

B. Medieval/Middle Ages
• Printing Press – a more reliable way of
printing through the
use of attaching metal
To extracted juices of
fruits, and pressed on
pieces of paper.

• Microscope – a device that
magnifies things that is not
visible to the naked eye;
used as a tool to help identify
the illnesses and create a
proper cure or medicine.

• Telescope – an instrument that helps in
navigation primarily in exploration through the
sea; inventions such as compass, oars, and
rudders were also of great help to navigators.

• War Weapons – developed cross bows and
long bows for long range attacks during war;
developed chainmail as a lighter alternative to
body armors.

C. Modern Times
• Pasteurization –
Louis Pasteur,
French biologist
invented
pasteurization or the
process of heating
dairy products to kill
the harmful bacterias
that gives illness and
allowed for milk to be
traded.

C. Modern Times
• Petroleum Refinery – Samuel M. Kier
refined petroleum to invent kerosene,
which is then
first used to
provide
lighting,
and later used
for heating
purposes.

C. Modern Times
• Telephone –
Alexander Graham
Bell invented the
telephone, which
revolutionized the
way of
communicating
from far places,
and aid the
connections of
trade.

C. Modern Times
• Calculator – used
to calculate
equations in a
much more
quicker time, and
later served as
the stepping
stone for the
invention of
computers.

D. Philippine Inventions
• Salamander
Amphibious
Tricycle – an
amphibious tricycle
that can cross
certain bodies of
water to solve the
problem of
venturing through
flooded streets

SALT LAMP – Aisa Mijeno invented a lighting
material that uses saltwater as its resource; has
no risk of fire and emits no toxic gases

• Medical Incubator – Dr. Fe del Mundo, invented an incubator
made from indigenous and cheap materials that does not need
electricity; other works by her are the immunization and
treatment of jaundice and the BRAT diet for curing diarrhea.

• Mosquito
Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap
System – The Department
of Science and Technology-
Industrial Technology
Development
Institute(DOST-ITDI)
introduced the Mosquito
Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap
System, known as OL Trap
made of natural
ingredients that kills
mosquitos and are safe for
humans and the
environment

• Ejeepney – created to counter the noise
and air pollution caused by jeepneys;
utilizes electricity instead of diesel.

“The struggle you
are facing is a test,
to see if you are truly
committed
to the life you say
you want!”

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