Is knowledge about green infrastructure and good knowledge

1. SEMINAR ON
Green Infrastructure for Urban Areas
Presentation by
Gurpreet Kaur & Vijeta Nigam
Research Officers
Urban
Agriculture
Green
Walls
Suburban
street
trees
City
street
trees
Urban
Woodlands
Green Roof

2. Content of Presentation
Introduction
Definition-Global & Indian context
It’s Evolution-Indian Scenario and Norms followed
Aim and Need of Green infrastructure
Benchmarks of Green infrastructure
Potential of Green Infrastructure in Indian cities
Six Guiding Principles of Green infrastructure & Examples
Role of Government
Green Infrastructure-Functions & Benefits
Case studies
Recommendations & Conclusion
The outline of our study is:-

3. Introduction
Integration of existing and future open space hubs and
links.
Green infrastructure network can monitor the
creation of a system of open space hubs and links that
support conservation and associated outdoor
recreational spaces, connect both existing and future
green space resources, and helps to “fill in” the gaps .
• G.I is referred as an interconnected
network of natural areas and
other open spaces that helps in
conservation of natural
ecosystem principles.
• Ecological framework for
protecting and restoring our
natural life-support system that
includes environmental, social,
and economic aspects.
Integrating sites (in the form of
sensitive habitats, shopping centers
or schools etc.) HUBS (in the form of
small towns, metro parks, city
parks, state recreation parks etc.)
and LINKS (in the form of river
corridor, rail-trail, trail along a
landscaped roadway etc.) as shown
in the Figure

4. Definition- In Indian & Global Context
In Global context In Indian context
The first definition of GI was given by
Mark Benedict, USA as ‘an
interconnected network of natural
areas and other open spaces that
conserves natural ecosystem values
and functions, sustains clean air and
water, and provides a wide array of
benefits to people and wildlife.’
According to the Centre of Science and
Environment, New Delhi, Green
Infrastructure refers to natural or
semi-natural ecosystems that provide
water resource management by
introducing the natural water cycle
into urban environments. It provides
effective measures to manage urban
flooding, water supply and quantity
regulation, at the same time generating
multiple environmental benefits.
Derived Definition
• Inter-linkage between the natural and manmade elements in order to
provide sustainable and cordial living environment to the humans.
• Incorporates vegetation, soils, and natural processes into the built
environment to manage storm water, mitigate the impacts of climate
change, and maintain healthy and sustainable communities.

5. Evolution in India
Green Infrastructure: It’s evolution in India
• The evolution of GI in the Indian sub-continent started in the pre-historic era in the
floodplains of Indus Valley Civilization (around 3,000 B.C.)
• The city of Mohenjo-Daro can be considered as the first example of a designed water
management system, exhibiting GI solutions at the city scale.
• In the Figure given below evolution of green infrastructure in India from 3000 B.C to
2017 has been mentioned.
1913-31

6. Present Scenario & Norms followed in India
• Infrastructure projects are being completed
taking under consideration of environment-
friendly raw materials.
• People in India are not aware of the
benefits of green infrastructure. They feel
that implementing green infrastructure
elements is costlier .
• Infrastructure projects follows an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
• However, Authorities have not fully able to
address the environmental concerns linked
with infrastructure development.
• In case of Haryana standard of 2.5 Sq. m/
per person of green spaces are provided.0
Environment Impact Assessment process

7. IDENTIFY
significant
needs and
opportuniti
es (of a
social,
economic or
environment
al nature) in
an area of
search.
ASSESS
if green
infrastructu
re
components
(individually
and
collectively)
meet these
needs, now
and into the
future.
CONSERVE
those
components
which are
essential
parts of the
green
infrastructure
.
CREATE
new
component
s where
they can
best meet
local needs
or fill gaps
in the
existing
green
infrastructu
re network.
UPLIFT
poorly-
functionin
g green
infrastruct
ure to meet
local needs
or fill gaps.
TARGET
policies,
resources
and
interventio
ns to
conserve,
connect
and re-
build a
healthy
green
infrastructur
e.
Green Infrastructure: Aim

8. Green Infrastructure: Need
• Urbanization results in Urban sprawl, Deforestation, Encroached
catchment area leading to poor quality runoff, poor status of
wetland, decline in groundwater and urban flooding as shown in the
figure.
• GI is a provider of a number of ecological, economic and social
benefits by considering spatial and planning policy through a systematic
approaches.
• They propose spaces that have multi-functional benefits.

9. Citizens protesting the government’s
decision to build a six-lane
expressway through Gurugram’s
Aravalli Biodiversity Park. Which
was promoted as the solution to
vehicular congestion between Delhi
and Gurugram
Green initiative to recycle
discarded pens was launched
in Kannur, create awareness
among people about
the importance of waste
disposal and treatment as
also to promote the use of
refillable pens instead of the
‘use and throw’ ones.

10. Benchmarks for Green Infrastructure
A Green City is a city which shows high environmental performance relative to established
benchmarks in terms of:
Quality of environmental assets (air, water,
land/soil and biodiversity),
Efficient use of resources (water, energy, land
and materials) and
Mitigating, and adapting to, risks deriving
from climate change, while maximizing the
economic and social co-benefits (population
size, socio-economic structure and geographical
and climate characteristics).

11. Potential of Green Infrastructure in Indian cities
GI Category
(at different
scales)
City-Scale
Sate/Regional-
Scale
As per India’s 2013 National Land Utilization
Policy, the following ‘land use management
areas’ are to be identified within existing ‘land
utilization zones’ for proper management:
1.Protected Areas(like national parks, forests,
biosphere reserves; tribal settlements; historic sites
and monuments)
2.Regulated Areas (agricultural lands, rural
settlements, sensitive ecosystems, tourism, cultural
and heritage sites, and hazard prone zones)
3.Reserved Areas (regions close to human
settlement like green belts and recreational areas)
At city and community scale green
infrastructure will provide multiple health
benefits to the people as shown in the Figure
• City Park and District Park
• Community Park
• Multi-purpose ground
• Neighborhood and housing area park
• Playground
• Tot lot
• Green belt (buffer)
• Green strip
Town, City and Zone Scale
State/Regional Scale

12. Guiding principles of Green Infrastructure
Six guiding principles provide a strategic approach and framework for conservation that can advance the sustainable
use of land while providing an interconnected system of green spaces that benefit people, wildlife and the economy.
Helps to plan interconnected green
space systems.
Restores isolated islands of nature
and protect the vital ecological
connections
Essential to identify and protect critical
ecological sites before the planning and
construction.
Planned connection b/w different system
components and among different agencies,
non-government organizations, and other
private agencies.
Natural areas and habitats managed
for biodiversity purposes also can
protect urban and rural areas from
natural disasters.
Reduces risk to
natural disasters.
Identifying the public
benefits.
Connect urban, suburban, rural and
landscapes
Functions at state, regional, community
scale.

13. Examples of Green Infrastructure
Rain Gardens
1. Absorb rainwater and
allow it to percolate.
2.Filter contaminants and
removes sedimentation
and debris from storm
water run-off.
3. It is a natural,
sustainable solution for
flooding and landscape
damage.
Green Roofs
1. Reduce energy
consumption and
reduce storm water
runoff.
2. It extend a roof’s
lifespan by two to
three times.
3. Reduce pollution
and offset the urban
heat effect.
Permeable Paver
Parking
1. Absorb water run-
off, reduce the stress
on storm water
systems and decrease
or eliminate flooding.
2. Surface cooler and
affect the natural
surroundings.

14. Urban Tree Canopies
1. It reduces urban heat
island effect,
Heating/cooling costs,
Air pollution, Lowers air
temperatures.
2. Aesthetic and
community benefits
such as improved quality
of life.
3.Increases property
values.
Storm water Green
streets
1. It collect and manage
storm water that
overflow the streets and
sidewalks.
2.Typically constructed
on the roadway, are
larger, varying lengths,
widths and soil depths
based on the
characteristics of the
existing roadway.
Blue Roofs
1. Blue roofs are
designed without
vegetation for the
primary purpose of
detaining storm
water.
2. Weirs at the roof
drain inlets create
temporary ponding
and gradual release
of storm water.

15. Subsurface Detention Systems
1. For temporary storage of storm
water runoff.
2. It has an open-bottom and can
incorporate perforated pipe and
storm water chambers for
additional detention volume.
3. It is primarily designed with a
gravel bed that stores water until
it can infiltrate into the ground.
Cisterns and Rain Barrels
1.Are designed to catch and store
storm water off of roofs or other
impervious surfaces and are located
underground, at ground level, or
on an elevated stand.
2. Rain barrels are connected to
the existing downspout of a roof
and reuse the storm water for
watering plants and other
landscaping uses.

16. Role of Government
Central government plays an important role in the initiation
and implementation of the project.
For Example: in order to achieve green growth has launched
different schemes such as JNNURM Mission, AMRUT Mission
etc.
Works on Proposal plan, Technical
data, Norms and
Standards/Validation: Policy, and
guidelines
For Example, HSVP, HSIIDC, Haryana State Agricultural Marketing Board, Private Developers etc.
undertakes the development of the local areas, residential areas, industrial areas and commercial areas
as provided in the development plans.
In case of Haryana, Town & Country Planning Department prepares development
plans for the controlled areas declared around the municipal towns and in areas
having potential for urban development according to the URDPFI guidelines
wherein standards for green spaces are prescribed. In the layout plans provision
of Green Spaces is 2.5 sqm/person.

18. Green Infrastructure: Functions and Benefits
Green infrastructure systems help in protecting and restoring naturally functioning ecosystems and
provide an outline for future development.
Natural
environmental
benefits
Green
Infrastructure
Performance
Sustainability
Economic
benefits
Socio-political
benefits
Disaster
prevention (e.g.
storms, forest
fires, landslides)
Mitigation of
Urban heat island
effects
Strengthening
ecosystems
resilience
Conservation of
land, biodiversity
& natural habitat
Improving air &
Water quality
Protection
against soil
erosion
Increases
property values
Increases
tourism revenue
Job Opportunity
Increase access
for people
Aesthetic value
and amenities
Cultural &
Heritage
Preservation

19. Green Infrastructure: Case Studies ((International)
1. Umea, Sweden (Green Parking Payoff)
Location map of Umea in Europe
Umea is the thirteenth biggest in Sweden as
shown in Figure with 84,761 inhabitants in
2016.
Sustainable Strategies and Techniques
ASPECT ISSUES SUSTAINABLE
STRATEGIES
TECHNIQUES
Local
Transport
 Traffic
congestion
in the
urban
areas.
 Negative
impact on
citizen’s
health.
Developing cleaner /
greener towns and
cities
 Developing and implementing new
and clean technologies (energy
efficiency, alternative fuels)
 Redefining green zones (developing
a pedestrian zone within towns and
cities, restricting access zones)
Smarter Urban
Transport
 Smart charging systems
 Better traveller information
 ITS application in towns and cities.
Accessible Urban
Transport
 Seamless and accessible collective
transport and safe infrastructure
for walking, cycling and private
vehicle use.
Safe and Secure Urban
Transport
 Possible solutions must cover
behavioral, vehicle and
infrastructure aspects.
 Strict enforcement of traffic rules.
 Sustainable urban mobility is
primarily about people, with a
significant emphasis on citizen
and stakeholder engagement, as
well as fostering changes in mobility
behaviour

20. Green Infrastructure: Case Studies (International)
2. Tallinn, Finland
Tallinn as shown in Figure is located in Estonia in
Europe, Tallinn is the capital and most
populous city of Estonia. Located in the northern
part of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of
Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of
434,562.
Location map of Tallinn in Europe
Strategies and outputs to Achieve a Green Growth
ASPECT STRATEGIES
Local
Transport
Free Public Transport • The number of passengers increased by 6% in 2013, as compared to in 2012.
• Quality of the service in the city has been improved.
• The number of train rides in the city increased.
• Tallinn seeks to make public transport more convenient.
Nature and Biodiversity Mapping For Species And
Habitats
Strong planning process for biodiversity, starting with good mapping based on survey
work for species and habitats
Set of policies, linked through these different scales of planning, leads to a good variety of
implementation measures and projects.
Waste Production and
Management
Waste Management Centre Provide a single waste collection service throughout the city .
Cross-subsidies the price of the waste collection service by type of waste, e.g. establishing higher
charges for emptying mixed municipal waste bins and lower charges for separately collected
waste, or emptying bins of recovery waste free of charge.
City to provide several additional services (e.g. flexible transport of bulky waste,
including leaves and Christmas trees, bin washing).
Increase in the number of people that have joined the organized waste collection system
Water Management Promotion Of Tap Water promoting the drinking of tap water.
website www.jookraanivett.eu was created to provides information about the benefits of
drinking tap water, saving tap water and the campaigns that will be organized.
Energy Performance Fix The Facade Since 2010, implementing the Fix the Facades project, with a view to make their buildings
more energy efficient (insulation of facades and roofs, replacement of doors and windows,
replacement or reconstruction of heating and ventilation systems).

21. Green Infrastructure: Case Studies (India)
3. Agartala City, West Tripura
Agartala, as shown in Figure is the capital and the most
populous city of Tripura. The city is home to almost 4 Lakh
people within the city limits. The city represents
administrative cities as well as very fast growing urban
agglomerations

22. 4. Haryana, India
Haryana as shown in Figure with a population of 25 million (Census
2011), living in 23 districts is spread over a geographical area of
approx. 44,000 Sq. km. It is one of the fastest growing economic sub-
regions in India. Haryana has traditionally been the agriculture
dominated small state with its location advantage.
Green Infrastructure: Case Studies (India)
For Example: GhataJheel has been converted into township and some other
natural drains in Gurugram have been closed and diverted leading to flooding
of the area. So, State government should avoid urbanizing the water bodies in
order to mitigate the natural disasters such as flooding and should also
impart awareness among people for conserving the water.

23. Recommendations
Interconnection of components of G.I at different scales (i.e. from Building level to Strategic level)

24. Shifting from Grey to Green Infrastructure
Shifting from “grey” to “green”
infrastructure should be
incorporated in the zoning
regulations of the development
plans and master plans of the
towns and for detailed provisions
needs to be added in the building
codes for the sustainable future
development of a town or city.
Few examples for shifting
infrastructure from grey to green
are shown in Table.
It can achieve transformational
changes through following practical
strategies as discussed further-
The main components of this
approach include:
• Biodiversity
• Sustainable energy production
• Economy and Business
• Housing and Buildings Sector
• Better transport
• Clean water and sanitation
• Solid waste management.

25. Strategies for Green Growth in Urban Areas
1. Ecosystem and Biodiversity
• Document the existing status of
environment and biodiversity.
• Declare a local policy and include in
the Master Planning process
• Involve the community
• Promote urban agriculture, green
public spaces, urban forestry, river
and lake conservation, plantation
drives, and green roofs in the city
2. Energy Sector
Green Infrastructure Components for Biodiversity
Enhancement
• Promote energy audits and energy
performance standards
• Promote green energy systems, clean
green fuels, EE appliances and
technologies
• Establish Energy Cell for the city
• Undertake awareness generation on
RE/EE
• Promote local knowledge base and
green energy industry
• Incorporate urban energy into city
Master Planning process
Zero-Energy Building Concept
Promoting use of Solar LED streetlight, Solar Energy System

26. Strategies for Green Growth in Urban Areas
3. Economy
• Technology innovation
• Streamlining the approval process
• Infrastructure upgrade
• Integration of economy in
development plan
• Promote local knowledge base in the
cities
• Eco-budgeting
• Innovative business models
• Redefining the urban economic
structure
• Promote sustainable procurement
Generation of energy from sewage gas
reduce dependence on grid energy
Urban share of GDP in India
• Re-densification and re-assignment of land
through an upward revision in the FAR/FSI.
• Reviewing the processes of Master Planning
and implement changes necessary to ensure a
proper assessment of land requirements.
At household Level
• Reusing the RO water for the purpose of
washing car, cleaning utensils, floor, washing
cloths and watering plants/trees etc. as shown
in Figure.
• Engaging building users in reuse and
recycling.
• Creating resilient and flexible structures
ensuring resilience to events such as flooding,
earthquakes or fires etc.
4. Housing
Washing Car Watering Plants
Washing Cloths
Zero Waste Hierarchy

27. 5. Transportation
Sustainable Transit Sustainable Streets Sustainable Vehicles
Transit-Oriented Density
Unfocused Density
Scattered Development
makes People to Depend
on their Private Vehicles
Shortest Transit Route
should be Opted
Compact Development
Encourages People to Walk
or Use Bicycles
Pedestrian routes should be
direct and easily accessible from
every corner of the sector
• Set up a well-established and reliable
public transport system(could include
metro rail, mono rail, BRT, Lite BRT, Bus
system, minibus system, trams, rope ways
system, boat-jetty network)
• Ensure multimodal integration while
developing transport plans and projects
• Apply Transit Oriented Development
principles, integrating land use and
transport, to ensure that vehicular miles
traveled are minimized.
• Compact urban development is best form
of development in minimizing travel
distances.
• Promote clean fuel based vehicles, such
as CNG, hybrid, electric, etc.
• Promote Non-motorized transport and
offer a good network of footpaths
• Restrict polluting vehicles in certain
areas, such as city Centres, squares,
market places, heritage and environmental
precincts by charging extremely high
parking/stopping/entry fees.
Strategies for Green Growth in Urban Areas

28. 6. Water & Sanitation
Strategies for Green Growth in Urban Areas
Integrated Urban Water Resource Management
DEWATS Process
Green Storm Water Management
Net Zero Water Building Concept
• Undertake Integrated Urban Water
Resource Management: Efficient and
sustainable management of water resources
with reduced losses, management of basins
and natural drains.
• Promote decentralized green solutions:
DEWATS as shown in Figure and waterless
toilets should be promoted.
• Promote water efficiency: Through
metering of connections, undertaking
periodic water audits and leakage mapping
exercises, Water efficient devices(low flush
toilets and low flow shower heads/faucets),
Enforcing water use standards
• Promote rainwater harvesting and
restrict groundwater use :Install rain
barrel, Create Rain Garden, Rain chains ,
Build a Rain Sauce, Naturally Recharge
Wells and Bore wells, Naturally Recharge
Wells and Bore wells.
• Encourage private engagement and
partnerships
• Promote recycling and reuse of
wastewater
• Promote community awareness and
participation

29. Strategies for Green Growth in Urban Areas
7. Solid Waste Management
Undertake integrated SWM
plans/projects: Promoting ISWM
a strategic approach to sustainable
management of solid waste covering
all sources and all aspects, such as
generation, segregation, transfer,
sorting, treatment, recovery and
disposal in an integrated manner,
with an emphasis on maximizing
resource use efficiency.
• Promote segregation at
source
• Local/Community level
composting plants and
waste processing plants.
• Creating wide-spread
awareness on solid waste
and its management.
• Promoting Private Sector
Engagement.
Solid Waste Management
Hierarchy
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Segregation of Waste
Using Color Coded Bins

30. Conclusion

31. Thank You ….