Notes for GNM, B.Sc.Nursing & P.B.B.Sc.Nursing

1. COUNSELLING
Prepared By : Ms. Leena Ghag Sakpal.
RN, P.B.B.Sc.Nursing.

2. INTRODUCTION
• Counselling is a two way interaction between a client and counsellor.
• It is an interpersonal, dynamic communication process that involves a
kind of contractual agreement between a client and counsellor.
• It aims to encourage healthy living and requires the client to explore
important personal issues and identify ways of living with prevailing
situation.

3. DEFINITION
“Counselling is such a relationship between in which one
person gives specific help to the other person.”
- Myers

4. STEPS AND TECHNIQUES
1. Establishing rapport
• By winning the confidence of the
client and establishing close
relationship with him,
counselling becomes easy and
meaningful.

5. 2. Cultivating self-understanding
• Client may have a clear understanding of his own
abilities, capacities and responsibilities.
• In this situation, the counsellor should improve
his understanding by pretesting and interpretation.
• Having full knowledge of clients problem and
capacity help to effective counselling.

6. 3. Advising and planning of action
• The counsellor should be able to
say the positive and negative
sides of the problems of client
and should be able to give clear
advice.
• Advice should be given frankly.
• Counsellor should help the client
to make the plans.

7. 4. Explanatory method
• This Is the most popular
technique of counselling.
• In this client is made to
understand the problem by
analyzing and interpretating it.
• It helped the client to make
decisions and implement them.

8. 5. Referral
• The counsellor should know the
limitations of his own knowledge
and capabilities and if needed
client should be referred to some
expert counsellor.

9. 6. Other techniques
• Silence
• Acceptance
• Explanation
• Analysis
• Express regret
• Humor
• Ask question
• Short classification
• Repetition
Etc.

10. PRINCIPLES
1.Principle of respecting the person
• In this counsellor should respect the
individual's feeling’s, beliefs and values.
• Counsellor should be careful towards
feelings and emotions of the client.

11. 2.Principle of acceptance
• Counsellor should be accepted
the client along with his good and
bad qualities.

12. 3.Principle of personal discussion
• In this the importance should be
given to clients views.
• Counsellor should relate himself
with the thoughts of the client.
• Counsellor should understand the
all those problem solving methods
which helps to client in recovering.

13. 4. Principle of learning
• Counselling can be though successful only
when the client learns or accept the counselling
given to him.
• In counselling all elements of learning are
found e.g, knowledge, skills, attitudes, actions
etc.

14. 5. Principle of respect of
democratic values
• Basic and constitutional Rights of
client should be protected during
counselling.
• Counsellor should respect the
individual differences.

15. 6. Principle of permissiveness
• Counseling is such a relationship which develops optimism and the
environment shapes according to the person, which helps to give new
hope and efforts are made to make them according to the situation.
• All the thoughts accept the relative relationship in the process
counseling.

16. QUALITIES OF GOOD
COUNSELLOR
• Able to understand the interest and capacities of patient.
• Understand the desires of the patients.
• Sympathetic behavior.
• Good conversationalist.
• Truthfulness and clarity.
• Friendly behavior.
• Good listener.

17. • Know the work properly.
• Desire to help the patient.
• Respect the patient
• Good listener.
• Know the work properly.
• Desire to help the patient.
• Respect the patient
• Problem solving ability
• Able to motivate the patient.

18. Things to avoided by counsellor :
• Ignoring the patient
• Not accepting the feelings of patient.
• Aggressive way of asking questions.
• Giving unwanted reassurance and promises.
• Judging and evaluating the patients
• Moralizing and preaching
• Advising rather than helping the patient.
• Directing and leading the unwanted ideas of the patient.

19. ROLE OF NURSE IN
COUNSELLING
• Acquire skill as a counsellor
• Select techniques of counselling
• Give counselling
• Refer if necessary

20. 1. Acquire skills as a counsellor
• Keep up to date knowledge about subject of counselling.
• Keep knowledge about patient and their problems.
• Identify the various methods of problem solving.
• Develop capacity to evaluate the results of counsellor.
• Select suitable venue and prepare a positive environment.

21. 2. Select the techniques of counselling
• Acquire knowledge about different techniques of counselling.
• Select suitable technique according problem of patients and their
nature.
• Follow code of ethics during counselling e.g, confidentiality,
tolerance.

22. 3. Give counselling
• Use GATHER technique.
• Use suitable facial expressions.
• Maintain right body image.
• Use simple and clear language.
• Listen carefully the problems and issues of patient.
• Min d your dress.
• Use empathy[ keep yourself in the place of the patient].

23. 4. Refer if necessary
If you may come across very
complicated cases or if you feel you
cannot counsel such a person, the
patient should be sent to much more
expert counsellor.

24. D/B HEALTH EDUCATION AND
COUNSELLING
Health Education
• Aim : to make the patient better
informed so that they make an
informed choice.
• Nature of process :
 It is more preventive in nature.
 Its prepare the learner to find
out the possible situations and
solutions of their problems.
Counselling
• Aim : to encourage the person
to explore their important health
issues and to identify the correct
solutions or ways of living.
• Nature of process :
 It is more curative in nature.
 It helps to client to make
changes in their negative
situations.

25. • Setting :
 It does not require lot of
privacy.
 Given in a formal setting
among group and
individuals.
• Subject and time :
 It is a temporary and one
time thing.
 It focuses on one health
problem or risk.
• Setting :
 It requires privacy and
confidentiality.
 Setting is selected on an
individual basis.
• Subject and time :
 It is long term and ongoing
process.
 Discussion of feelings,
problems are needed.

26. • Relationship : It can
occur outside of a
relationship with
professional.
• Methodology : it is a
directive process.
• Participation : It refers
to just passing on
knowledge on specific
issues.
• Relationship : in this
mutual agreement is
requires between
counsellor and patient.
• Methodology : it is an
open-end and non-
directive process.
• Participation : It is a two
way communication
between counsellor and
patient.