El documento detalla el uso de la perspectiva lineal y atmosférica en el arte gráfico para crear la ilusión de profundidad y espacio tridimensional. Se describen los componentes básicos de la perspectiva lineal, incluidos los puntos de fuga y las líneas convergentes, así como las técnicas atmosféricas para representar la distancia. Además, se presentan objetivos y ejercicios prácticos para aplicar estos conceptos en dibujos utilizando lápiz de grafito.

1. Perspective (Space)
[Any graphic system used in creating the illusion of three-dimensional
images and/or spatial relationships in which the objects or their parts
appear to diminish as they recede into the distance. ]

2. Linear Perspective
[A system used to depict
3D images on a 2D surface;
it develops the optical
phenomenon of
diminishing size by treating
edges as converging
parallel lines that extend
to a vanishing point or
points on the horizon (eye
level) and recede from the
viewer]

3. Linear Perspective
To create a drawing with linear perspective, an artist must use three
basic components:
Horizon Line
[determined by viewer’s eye
level]
Vanishing Point (s) Converging Lines
[also called Orthogonals]

4. One-Point Perspective
• Lines and objects recede towards one point on
the horizon line
• Objects are seen “straight on” from one side

5. Two-Point Perspective
• Lines and objects recede towards two points
on the horizon line
• For squares and rectangles, the side-edge is
closer than any one side, so both side-planes
recede.

6. Three-Point Perspective
• Lines and objects recede towards three points on the horizon line
• Typically depicts objects seen from a “worm’s eye” or a “bird’s
eye” view.
• The very corner is closest to the viewer, so all edges and side-
planes recede

7. Atmospheric Perspective
[The illusion of deep space produced in graphic works by lightening
values, softening details and textures, reducing value contrasts, and
neutralizing colors in objects as they recede]

8. FIVE TOOLS
Through atmospheric perspective, artists can create the illusion of
depth and distance using these tools:
1. Hazy lines
2. Indistinct shapes
3. Grayed values
4. Simple textures
5. Neutralized colors

9. Project: Perspective
Objectives:
• To create a composition demonstrating the proper use of linear
perspective
• To use graphite pencil to achieve a variety of values
• The use knowledge of value, depth and composition to create an
interesting design

10. Preliminary (Sketchbook) Work:
• 1st Page: Draw 3 cubes/rectangles using only 1-point perspective
• 2nd Page: Draw 3 cubes/rectangles using only 2-point perspective
• 3rd Page: Draw 3 cubes/rectangles using only 3-point perspective
Materials:
• One image that shows clear linear perspective
• 1 sheet of 9x12” watercolor paper (provided)
• Assorted graphite pencils
• Staedtler Mars eraser

11. Process:
Using your chosen image, create a drawing in only graphite pencil. Start
by finding and drawing your horizon line and vanishing point, and use
these to create a corresponding drawing which adheres to the laws of
linear perspective.
Due: April 30, 2018 at BEGINNING OF CLASS