The types of paragraphs by José Restrepo, Claudia Vargas and Laura Ramos

1. Types of
paragraphs
José Antonio Restrepo Carmona
Claudia Victoria Vargas Rubio
Laura Fernanda Ramos Garzón

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF TEXTS
A text is defined as any
verbal and complete
manifestation
occurring orally and /
or written
The texts have
properties that must be
taken into account at
the time of writing.
Have important
properties that require
greater depth in order
to be able to apply
them
The properties of the
texts are:
Adequacy
Coherence
Cohesion

3. Adequacy
This feature has
as function that
the text
complies with
the social,
personal, and
linguistic norms
Which regulate
a
communicative
act.
A text is appropriate when:
- It adapts to the subject of
the one that is going to
speak.
- It adapts to the person who
issues it or the person who
receives it.
- It is convenient in the
situation or place in which it
is.
- Fits the purpose

4. Coherence
• Mastery of information
processing
• Quantity and quality of
information
• Relevance of information
• Organization of paragraph
• Establishment of the different
parts of the text

5. Coherence Mechanisms
Theme.
Do not contradict some statements with others.
Be timely what is said and important in relation to meaning.
To advance in an orderly and hierarchical way.
Do not introduce elements that do not have to do with the subject being
treated.

6. Cohesion
• Is the intangible glue that holds paragraphs together.
“Having good coherence in a writing
project means that your ideas stick
together and flow smoothly from one
sentence to the next, so that readers of
your work can easily understand where you
are taking them”
Dorchies (s.f) p. 1

7. Components of Cohesion
relevance
order
linking words
repetition of key words

8. Rearrange
The meanings
of difficult
words
Use of
dictionary
the
pronunciation
of the words
The dictionary
can refer to
the various
grammatical
forms of words.

9. Linkers
Fuente: Quesada (2012)

10. The Repetition.
The repetitions cohesion the text
Phonological
Repeat measure
verses
Rhyme.
Grammatical
repetition of the same verbal forms, of
the same structures syntactic or
sentence types.
Lexical-semantic
Origin and form
of words

11. Textual Models
Description Features and characteristics of
objects (details)
Narration
Tell or tell facts within a time frame.
The facts are told in a linear way
(approach, knot and outcome)
Exposition
It raises a theme to be explained
with orderly, objective and clear
ideas
Argumentation
This accompanies the exhibition with
incorporation of reasons that
defends the idea proposed.

12. Textual Models
Dialogue Shows the interpersonal
communicative relationship that
occurs between two or more
interlocutors
Epistle or letter
It is shown as written message
that plays with the 2nd person,
absent recipient and with the 1st
person, the sender.
Fuente: Cervera y Hernández (2010)

13. Support
To support ideas in a text you need:
• Evidence
• Examples
• Detail about the theme
Is for this that is necessary that you know the idea that you want to
write.

14. Process of writing
• Gather - In this part you think about relevant information
• Organize – In this part you put a meaningful sequence in your writing
• Draft – In this part you write your ideas
• Edit – In this part you check, revise, refine your writing
• Publish - In this part you do the final version of your writing
Fuente:
Excelsior, s.f

15. References
Cervera, A y Hernández, G. (2010) Saber escribir. Aguilar. México D.F.
Dorchies, G. (s.f) COHESION. Recuperado de
http://www.clarkson.edu/writingcenter/docs/cohesion.pdf
Quesada, I. (2012) Linkers and Connectors. Recuperado de
http://missisabelonline.blogspot.com.co/2012/11/linkers-and-
connectors.html
Propiedadestexto (s.f) El texto: adecuación, coherencia y cohesión (Anaya,
1.º bachiller). Recuperado de http://www.ittizimin.edu.mx/wp-
content/uploads/2016/08/propiedadestexto.pdf
Excelsior. (s.f) Writing Process Activity. Recuperado de
http://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/writing-process-overview/writing-
process-activity/