Human dentition Dr. Hazem Al Ajrami First Year in Dentistry First Semester Al-Azhar University - Gaza lecture 3

2. College of DentistryCollege of Dentistry
Introduction to dentistryIntroduction to dentistry
Numbering SystemNumbering System
Dr. Hazem Al AjramiDr. Hazem Al Ajrami

3. IncisorIncisor
Central and LateralCentral and Lateral

5. Canine (or Cuspid)Canine (or Cuspid)

7. Premolar (or Bicuspid)Premolar (or Bicuspid)
First and SecondFirst and Second

9. MolarMolar
First, Second andFirst, Second and ThirdThird

12. During mastication each tooth type has aDuring mastication each tooth type has a
specific purpose as the dentition works tospecific purpose as the dentition works to
prepare food for swallowing and digestion.prepare food for swallowing and digestion.
IncisorsIncisors have sharp biting edges that aid inhave sharp biting edges that aid in
cutting and incising food;cutting and incising food; CaninesCanines have pointedhave pointed
cusps, which aid in holding and tearing food;cusps, which aid in holding and tearing food;
PremolarsPremolars are used to crush and tear food, andare used to crush and tear food, and
thethe MolarsMolars with their broad biting surfaces aidwith their broad biting surfaces aid
in chewing and grinding food.in chewing and grinding food.

13.  The teeth in the arch can be grouped asThe teeth in the arch can be grouped as
followed:followed:
1.1. Anterior teeth( anterior segment):Anterior teeth( anterior segment):
comprise the incisors and canines.comprise the incisors and canines.
2.2. Posterior teeth( posterior segment):Posterior teeth( posterior segment): areare
toward the back of the mouth, they includetoward the back of the mouth, they include
both premolars and molars.both premolars and molars.

16. DentalDental FormulaFormula

17. The denomination and number of teeth for allThe denomination and number of teeth for all
Mammalia are expressed by formulae. TheMammalia are expressed by formulae. The
denomination of each tooth is represented by itsdenomination of each tooth is represented by its
initial letter,initial letter, II forfor incisor,incisor, CC forfor canine,canine, PP forfor
premolar.premolar. MM forfor molar;molar; each letter is followedeach letter is followed
by a horizontal line and the number of each typeby a horizontal line and the number of each type
of tooth is placed above the line for the maxillaof tooth is placed above the line for the maxilla
(upper jaw) and below the line for the mandible(upper jaw) and below the line for the mandible
(lower jaw). The formula includes one side only(lower jaw). The formula includes one side only
(right or left).(right or left).

18. II
22
CC
11
MM
22
== 1010
22 11 22
The dental formula for the primary teeth in
humans is:

19. This formula should be read thus: Incisors,This formula should be read thus: Incisors,
two maxillary and two mandibular; canines,two maxillary and two mandibular; canines,
one maxillary and one mandibular; molars,one maxillary and one mandibular; molars,
two maxillary and two mandibular, or tentwo maxillary and two mandibular, or ten
altogether on one side, right or left.altogether on one side, right or left.

20. TheThe permanentpermanent dental formula in humans is:dental formula in humans is:
II
22
CC
11
PP
22
MM
33
== 1616
22 11 22 33

24. To complete oral examination on aTo complete oral examination on a
patient, it is necessary to use a standardizedpatient, it is necessary to use a standardized
system for tooth numbering.system for tooth numbering.

25. Numbering and Coding SystemsNumbering and Coding Systems
of the Teeth (Nomenclature)of the Teeth (Nomenclature)

26. When identifying a specific tooth, list theWhen identifying a specific tooth, list the
dentition, arch, quadrant and tooth name indentition, arch, quadrant and tooth name in
that order for example:that order for example:

27. DentitionDentition ArchArch QuadrantQuadrant ToothTooth
PrimaryPrimary MandibularMandibular RightRight CanineCanine
PermanentPermanent MaxillaryMaxillary LeftLeft 1 Molar1 Molar

28. It is essential to be familiar with theIt is essential to be familiar with the
various systems of naming and coding teeth.various systems of naming and coding teeth.
The most popular systems are the following:The most popular systems are the following:

29.  Universal System.Universal System.
 Palmer Notation System.Palmer Notation System.
 The Federation Dentaire International.The Federation Dentaire International.

30. Universal SystemUniversal System
 It uses the Arabic numbering system from 1It uses the Arabic numbering system from 1
through 32 for Permanent Teeth.through 32 for Permanent Teeth.
 The letters A through T are used for theThe letters A through T are used for the
Primary Teeth.Primary Teeth.
 For the Mixed Dentition we use ArabicFor the Mixed Dentition we use Arabic
numbers and letters.numbers and letters.

31. For Permanent TeethFor Permanent Teeth

33. For Primary TeethFor Primary Teeth

35. Palmer Notation SystemPalmer Notation System
In this system each of the four quadrants isIn this system each of the four quadrants is
given its own symbol. A cross is drown, thegiven its own symbol. A cross is drown, the
horizontal line of which separates thehorizontal line of which separates the
maxillary teeth above from the mandibularmaxillary teeth above from the mandibular
teeth below. The vertical line represents theteeth below. The vertical line represents the
median line of the mouth separating the rightmedian line of the mouth separating the right
from the left side.from the left side.

36. Maxillary TeethMaxillary Teeth
Mandibular TeethMandibular Teeth

37. Maxillary Left Teeth
Madibular Left TeethMandibular Right Teeth
Maxillary Right Teeth

38. For Permanent TeethFor Permanent Teeth

39. Maxillary Right TeethMaxillary Right Teeth Maxillary Left TeethMaxillary Left Teeth
88 77 66 55 44 33 22 11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88
88 77 66 55 44 33 22 11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88
Mandibular Right TeethMandibular Right Teeth Madibular Left TeethMadibular Left Teeth

41. For Primary TeethFor Primary Teeth

42. Maxillary Right TeethMaxillary Right Teeth Maxillary Left TeethMaxillary Left Teeth
EE DD CC BB AA AA BB CC DD EE
EE DD CC BB AA AA BB CC DD EE
Mandibular Right TeethMandibular Right Teeth Madibular Left TeethMadibular Left Teeth

44. The Federation DentaireThe Federation Dentaire
InternationalInternational
(FDI) system assigns two numbers to each(FDI) system assigns two numbers to each
tooth in any quadrant. The first number indicatestooth in any quadrant. The first number indicates
the quadrant in which the tooth is positioned andthe quadrant in which the tooth is positioned and
the second number identifies the specific tooth.the second number identifies the specific tooth.
The first numbers 1 through 4 for PermanentThe first numbers 1 through 4 for Permanent
Dentition, 5 through 8 for the Primary Dentition.Dentition, 5 through 8 for the Primary Dentition.

45. Permanent DentitionPermanent Dentition
Maxillary Right TeethMaxillary Right Teeth Maxillary Left TeethMaxillary Left Teeth
11 22
44 33
Mandibular Right TeethMandibular Right Teeth Madibular Left TeethMadibular Left Teeth

46. Permanent DentitionPermanent Dentition
Maxillary Right TeethMaxillary Right Teeth Maxillary Left TeethMaxillary Left Teeth
1188 1177 1166 1155 1144 1133 1122 1111 2211 2222 2233 2244 2255 2266 2277 2288
4488 4477 4466 4455 4444 4433 4422 4411 3311 3322 3333 3344 3355 3366 3377 3388
Mandibular Right TeethMandibular Right Teeth Mandibular Left TeethMandibular Left Teeth

48. Primary DentitionPrimary Dentition
Maxillary Right TeethMaxillary Right Teeth Maxillary Left TeethMaxillary Left Teeth
55 66
88 77
Mandibular Right TeethMandibular Right Teeth Madibular Left TeethMadibular Left Teeth

49. Primary DentitionPrimary Dentition
Maxillary Right TeethMaxillary Right Teeth Maxillary Left TeethMaxillary Left Teeth
5555 5544 5533 5522 5511 6611 6622 6633 6644 6655
8855 8844 8833 8822 8811 7711 7722 7733 7744 7755
Mandibular Right TeethMandibular Right Teeth Mandibular Left TeethMandibular Left Teeth

51. Tooth IdentificationTooth Identification
As the dental team performs a completeAs the dental team performs a complete
oral examination on a patient, it is necessary tooral examination on a patient, it is necessary to
use a standardized system, not only for toothuse a standardized system, not only for tooth
numbering, but also for tooth surfacenumbering, but also for tooth surface
annotation. By combining both of these formsannotation. By combining both of these forms
of communication, it becomes easy to identifyof communication, it becomes easy to identify
a specific location on a tooth with dentala specific location on a tooth with dental
decay, a fracture, or a restoration.decay, a fracture, or a restoration.

52. In a dental office the correct identification ofIn a dental office the correct identification of
teeth is important for treatment and recordteeth is important for treatment and record
keeping. Correct identification of teeth relateskeeping. Correct identification of teeth relates
directly to:directly to:
 Patient treatment planning.Patient treatment planning.
 Treatment.Treatment.
 Insurance claim forms.Insurance claim forms.
 Malpractice suits.Malpractice suits.
 Forensic identification purposes.Forensic identification purposes.

53. Thank YouThank You