Introduction to dental anatomy 1

3. ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫و‬
ِّ
‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬
ِ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫د‬ ِ
‫ز‬
‫ا‬ًْ‫ْل‬

4. Dental Skills … in brief
Course specification = Your rights and duties

5. By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to:
1- Identify the oral cavity parts and its divisions into arches and quadrants.
2- Nominate the permanent and deciduous teeth
3- Apply the different teeth numbering systems.
4- Identify the teeth surfaces and the division of surfaces.
5- Recognize the line and point angles in the teeth.

6. ** Our mission

7. ** Fine details

8. ** Both have their customers

9. The importance of the size of the
cingulum in the lingual surface of the
tooth (9) is to prevent gingival
recession
** Read the following statement

10. •Terminology (2 lectures of introduction)
•Description (Morphology) (Anatomy)
•Oral physiology
** So, Our main topics:

11. Teeth nomenclature and numbering
Step 1 in the terminology

12. I- Sets of dentition
1- deciduous dentition (20 teeth) 2- permanent dentition (32 teeth)

13. 1- Upper (maxillary) arch:
Contains:
• 10 deciduous teeth
• 16 permanent teeth
2- Lower (mandibular) arch:
Contains:
10 deciduous teeth
16 permanent teeth
II- Dental arches
Each set of dentition has 2 arches

14. ‫ذهنية‬ ‫استراحة‬
Can you tell me where is
his right eye?

15. 1- upper right quadrant
2- upper left quadrant
3- Lower left quadrant
4- Lower right quadrant
Each quadrant contains
• 5 deciduous teeth
• 8 permanent teeth
III- Quadrants
Each arch has 2 quadrants (each set of dentition has 4 quadrants)
1 2
4 3
1 2
4 3
1 2
3
4
1 2
4 3
Midline

16. IV- Types of teeth
3- Premolars
4- Molars
1- Incisors
2- Canines

17. • 5 teeth
2 incisors
1 canine
2 molars
How many deciduous teeth in each quadrant ?
Central incisor
Lateral incisor
Canine
First molar
Second molar

18. • 8 teeth
2 incisors
1 canine
2 Premolars
3 molars
How many permanent teeth in each quadrant ?
Central incisor
Lateral incisor
Canine
First premolar
Second premolar
First molar
Second molar
Third molar

19. • the 5 deciduous teeth are also called
(predecessors)
• And the 5 succeeding permanent is
called
(succedaneous or permanent successor)
• The remaining 3 permanent teeth are
called permanent
(not called successor, as they are not
preceeded by deciduous teeth)
Each deciduous tooth will be replaced by a permanent tooth

20. 1- Permanent central incisors (replacing the deciduous central incisor)
2- Permanent lateral incisor (replacing the deciduous lateral incisor)
3- Permanent canine (replacing deciduous canine)
4- First premolar (replacing the deciduous first molar)
5- Second premolar (replacing the deciduous second molar)
The 3 permanent molars are erupted directly (not preceeded by deciduous)
So, they are called permanent (not successor)
Details

21. Very important
Deciduous central incisor
Deciduous lateral incisor
Deciduous canine
Deciduous first molar
Deciduous second molar
First premolar
Second premolar
Permanent first molar
Permanent second molar
Permanent third molar
3 permanent successors replacing
deciduous teeth of same type
2 permanent successors
replacing deciduous teeth
of different type
3 permanent
not replacing deciduous teeth
(not a successor)
permanent central incisor
Permanent lateral incisor
permanent canine

22. • Deciduous
Summary
• Permanent

23. • Incisors and canines are
together called
(anterior teeth)
• Premolars and molars are
together called
(posterior teeth)
Grouping of teeth

24. Revision>>>> I- Sets of dentition
1- deciduous 2- permanent

25. 1- Upper (maxillary) arch:
2- Lower (mandibular) arch:
II- Dental arches

26. 1- upper right quadrant
2- upper left quadrant
3- Lower left quadrant
4- Lower right quadrant
III- Quadrants
1 2
4 3

27. IV- Types of teeth
3- Premolars
4- Molars
1- Incisors
2- Canines

28. The tooth name contains 4 item
I- Permanent or deciduous
II- Upper or lower
III- Right or left
IV- the tooth type
Nomenclature of teeth

29. Exercise 1
Deciduous
Lower
Right
Central incisor

30. Exercise 2
Permanent
upper
Left
Central incisor

31. Exercise 3
Deciduous
Lower
left
second molar

32. Exercise 4
Permanent
Upper
Right
First molar

33. • permanent upper right central incisor (caries)
• permanent lower left canine (extraction)
• permanent upper right first molar (crown)
• permanent lower left second premolar (endo)
• permanent lower left lateral and central incisors (missing)
• permanent upper right third molar (caries)
• permanent upper left third molar (filling)
• permanent lower right third molar (crown)
• permanent upper left lateral incisor (fractured)
• ………………………………………………….
• TOO LONG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
** Dear colleague Dr. Omar

34. Numbering systems
Dear Dr. Omar
8 3 1 2 5 8
8 6 1 1 8
Dear Dr. Omar
8 3 1 2 5 8
8 6 1 1 8
C
C
C
F F
F
M M
M E
M

35. 1) Universal system (American system)
The permanent teeth are represented by numbers (from 1 to 32)
The tooth number 1 is :
Upper right third molar 1
The tooth number 32 is :
Lower right third molar
32

37. The deciduous (primary) teeth
are represented by letters
(from A to T)
What about the deciduous teeth?

38. What is the number of this tooth?
Exercise 1
?
Answer: 7

39. 2) Palmer notation system (Zsigmondy system)
1
1- Draw a horizontal line separating upper & lower arches
2- Draw a vertical line separating right & left quadrants
3- write the number of the tooth
(if the tooth is permanent) in the corresponding quadrant
N.B. there is 8 teeth in the quadrant
And the numbering starts from central incisor :
1- central incisor 2- lateral incisor
3- canine
4- first premolar 5- second premolar
6- first molar 7- second molar 8- third molar

40. 2 2
4 4
or
or

41. The deciduous teeth are represented
by the same method
but the teeth are represented by
letters (from A to E) not numbers
Can you expect the deciduous teeth numbering?

42. 3) Two Digit system (FDI system) (Binomial system)
A- each tooth is represented by 2 numbers (no letters)
B- the left digit represents the quadrant
** 4 permanent and 4 deciduous quadrants numbered as follows:
5 6
7
8
1 2
3
4
1- permanent upper right quadrant
2- permanent upper left quadrant
3- permanent lower left quadrant
4- permanent lower right quadrant
5- Deciduous upper right quadrant
6- Deciduous upper left quadrant
7- Deciduous lower left quadrant
8- Deciduous lower right quadrant
C- the right digit represents the tooth (according to palmers numbering “starting from midline”)
FDI: Federation Dentaire Internationale

43. Summary
Note: The 2 digits is pronounced separately not as a number (e.g. tooth no #22 is pronounced “TWO TWO” not “Twenty two”

44. Exercise
8 1
1 4

45. ** Write the FULL name of these teeth
22
34
20
56
6
56= Not applicable

46. • Sometimes there is a number which is confusing
(indicates tooth with more than one numbering system)
Note
• E.g.: What is the tooth 22?
By FDI: It is the permanent upper left lateral incisor
By Universal system: It is the permanent lower left canine
• So, Sometimes: the symbol (#) is used to differentiate between the FDI &Universal system
• Tooth #22 (This means that we are SURE using the FDI system)
• Important: This DOESN’T MEAN that if you read in a research or book the statement (tooth
22) that this is SURE a universal system. The FDI system can be also denoted without “#”
•
‫بالعربي‬
:
ِّ‫كلِّسنةِّمكتوبةِّومعهاِّرمز‬
"
#
"
ِّ‫فهيِّمكتوبةِّبال‬
FDI
ِّ‫ولكنِّليسِّكلِّسنةِّمكتوبةِّبدون‬
"
#
"
ِّ‫تكونِّبالضرورة‬
Universal
...
ِّ‫ممكنِّتكون‬
FDI
ِّ‫أو‬
Universal

47. For better tooth description ..
The tooth will be viewed from 5
aspects (surfaces)
Step 2 in the terminology

48. Surfaces of the teeth
Lingual surface
(towards the tongue)
Palatal surface
(towards the palate)
Can be called lingual also
Facial surface (outer surface )
(towards the face)
In anterior teeth called (Labial)
In posterior teeth called (buccal)

49. Occlusal surface
(masticatory surface
of posterior teeth)
Incisal (edge)
(masticatory surface
of anterior teeth)
Mesial surface:
facing the neighboring tooth
nearer to midline
Distal surface:
facing the neighboring tooth
away from midline
Proximal surface: the surface of the
tooth facing the neighboring tooth

50. • For better surface description ..
The surface is divided into thirds
Division of the surfaces
Root apex
Crown
Cervical line
Root

51. Division of the surfaces horizontally
Cervical third
Middle third
Incisal third
Cervical third
Middle third
Apical third
Occlusal third

52. Division of the surfaces horizontally
Cervical third
Middle third
Incisal third
Cervical third
Middle third
Apical third
Occlusal third

53. Middle third
Distal third
Mesial third

54. Middle third
lingual third
Labial third
Buccal third

55. Line angles
(angle made by 2 planes)
Line angles and point angles
• Point angles
(angle made by 3 planes)

56. Line angles
occlusal
Buccal
Mesial
Mesiobuccal line angle
Occlusobuccal line angle
Distobuccal line angle

57. 8 Line angles in posterior teeth
Occluso-distal
Occluso-lingual
Disto-buccal
disto-lingual
Occluso-buccal
Occluso-mesial
Mesio-lingual
mesio-buccal

58. 6 Line angles in Anterior teeth
No inciso-distal
Inciso-lingual
Disto-labial
disto-lingual
Inciso-labial
Mesio-lingual
mesio-labial
No inciso-mesial

59. Point Angles
Occluso-Disto- lingual

60. 4 point angles (either in anterior or posterior)
5 1
4
3
2
8
6 7

61. 4 point angles (either in anterior or posterior)

62. ‫ا‬ً‫عْل‬ ‫زدني‬ ‫رب‬
‫تعلمت؟‬ ‫ماذا‬
‫تجده؟‬ ‫ولم‬ ‫تتوقع‬ ‫كنت‬ ‫ماذا‬

63. Wheeler's Dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion". APA (6th ed.) Ash,
M. M. (1993).
Ads AH, El-Zainy MA, , Shenaishen SF, Halawa AM. Fundamentals Of
Tooth Morphology&Physiology. Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams
University. 2020.