2. Introduction
Energy demand in India – both in urban and rural areas in continuously increasing
,however the electricity utilities are unable to meet this rapidly increasing demand .this is
the reason why most of the commercial building such as hospitals ,office ,mall etc.As well
as residential building in the country are opting for back-up power systems. These back-up
power systems are usually diesel generator and some times more then one generator is
installed to meet their electricity demand.
With rising costs and environmental awareness, many of these building are opting for
solar photo voltaic (SPV) systems as back-up power in order to reduce their dependency on
diesel generator. these SPV system which convert sunlight into electricity, are usually
installed on the existing roof-top space of building to meet the minimum load requirement
.
3. What is Net metering ?
• Net metering is a billing mechanism that credits solar energy system
owners for the electricity they add to the grid. For example, if a residential
customer has a PV system on the home's rooftop, it may generate more
electricity than the home uses during daylight hours.
• Net metering allows customers who install solar or other clean energy to
get fair credit on their power bills for the energy they feed back to the grid.
4. History of net metering
• Minnesota is commonly cited as passing the first net metering law, in 1983, and allowed anyone
generating less than 40 kW to either roll over any kilowatt credit to the next month, or be paid
for the excess. In 2000 this was amended to compensation "at the average retail utility energy
rate." This is the simplest and most general interpretation of net metering, and in addition allows
small producers to sell electricity at the retail rate.
• Utilities in Idaho adopted net metering in 1980, and in Arizona in 1981. Massachusetts adopted
net metering in 1982. By 1998, 22 states or utilities therein had adopted net metering. Two
California utilities initially adopted a monthly "net metering" charge, which included a "standby
charge," until the PUC banned such charges . In 2005, all U.S. utilities were required to offer net
metering "upon request." Excess generation is not addressed. As of 2017 43 U.S. states have
adopted net metering, as well as utilities in 3 of the remaining states, leaving only 4 states without
any established procedures for implementing net metering.
9. Material used in solar panel
• Silicon material are used for making solar panel.
• More than 80% of solar cells currently produced are crystalline silicon solar
cells,. Nearly all of the other 20% are developed as amorphous silicon solar
cells .
• Other Thin-film Materials: CIS Related, CdTe and Dye Sensitized.
• Organic Polymers.
• Nano-Scale Materials
10. Parts/Equipment of roof top solar systeam
• Solar PV panel
• Inverter
• Isolator/ Disconnecting switches
• Protective Device
• Cable and hardwire
• Changeover switch
• Energy meter
• Panels, junction box and distribution boxes
• Earthing & lightening protections
• IR/UV protected PVC pipes and accessories
• Mounting structure and civil work
11. Net metering policy in India
• The policy of net metering differ state by state .
In Maharashtra Electricity regularly commission regulation
2015
Started in India -15th sept 2009
Started in Maharashtra 2015
12. Benefits of net metering
• Financial credit for extra solar power produce
• No battery storage system Needed
• No backup generator for when solar power in Not Available
• Reduces electricity lost ever wires
• Pressure on the grid is reduced
• Environment pollution can be reduced
• Awareness on power consumption will be increased
• It can be installed over a canal in which water is flowing, so the water is not
evaporated and even electricity is generated.
13. Limitation of net metering
• It has very less drawbacks
• Requires installation of additional equipment
• Additional precaution to be taken in operation and maintenance of system
• Cost of net metering equipment is to be bared by the consumer themselves
14. Net metering plant in India
• Andrpradesh in 2003 generate 6 MW.
• Gujarat ‘Gandhinagar Solar Photovoltaic Rooftop’ 5 MW capacity.
• Tamil Nadu in its State solar policy announced a target of 350 MW capacity.
• Karnataka’s released a tender in January 2013 targeting a capacity 1.3 MW.
• Rajasthan through its state Solar Policy announced in 2011.
15. Future scope
•Indian govt. has decided to equip all
the govt offices, hospitals, institution
,jail PV systems & net metering
16. Conclusion
• The solar energy can replace the non renewable energy source.
• This system does not harm environment.
• It can be installed anywhere and energy can be produced anywhere
