The grade 9's do a basic introduction to the systems in the human body. This slide focuses on the respiratory system. The text is derived from the DocScientia series, which is CAPS-aligned.

1. The Respiratory
system
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2. The most important processes are:
Breathing
(active, physical process
during which O2 is
inhaled and CO2 is
exhaled, which ensures
the transport of air to the
lungs)

3. Gaseous
exchange

4. Respiration

5. Supplies
the body
with O2.
Removes
CO2 from
the body.
and gaseous exchange

6. alveoluscapillary
Air is inhaled and fills the alveoli with O2
Alveoli are surrounded
by a large number of
capillary vessels.
These bring blood
into close contact
with the alveoli.
Deoxygenated,
CO2-rich blood

7. alveolus
capillary
The movement of particles from a high
concentration to a low concentration.

8. alveoluscapillary
Oxygen moves
through the thin
walls of the
alveolus to the
blood vessels.
Carbon dioxide
moves through
the thin walls of
the blood vessels
to the alveolus.
In the blood, O2
binds with
haemoglobin to
form
oxyhaemoglobin.

9. Haemoglobin is a
pigment in red
blood cells with
which O2 binds.
O2 is transported
to the rest of the
body in the form
of
oxyhaemoglobin.

10. Oxygen-rich blood is transported to the heart through
circulation.
Oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the rest of the body
under high pressure from the heart.
In the cells of the body, mitochondria release the O2
and energy to be used in body processes.
Carbon dioxide exhaled.

11. Respiration
Aerobic
Oxygen is required.
Respiration takes place in the mitochondria.
Nutrients and O2 combine to release energy.
The energy is used to allow life processes to take
place.
CO2 is formed as by-product during respiration.
CO2 diffuses from the cells to the capillaries.
The deoxygenated blood is transported via the
heart to the lungs , from where it is exhaled.

12. Inhalation Exhalation
Active process Passive process
Muscles contract. Muscles relax
Oxygen inhaled. Carbon dioxide exhaled
Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to
the tissue.
Blood transport carbon dioxide
from the tissue to the lungs.
Oxygen is necessary for respiration
(consumed).
Carbon dioxide is a waste
product (produced).

13. Title slide: http://justsayhealthy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/stock-footage-male-anatomy-
human-lungs-scan.jpg
Slide 2: https://motorimpairment.neura.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/breathing1.jpg
Slide 3: http://cx.aos.ask.com/question/aq/1400px-788px/function-alveoli_e29b3e12a34439f.jpg
Slide 4 + 11: http://www.wolvertonpool.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/runner.jpg
Slide 5: http://www.pharmaworld.pk/products/gallery/gal975_t62.jpg
Slide 6 - 8: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fluid-
filled_alveolus.svg/2000px-Fluid-filled_alveolus.svg.png
Slide 9: http://dl4c7b1o5btm4.cloudfront.net/images/article/20140423-image3.jpg
TEXT: du Plessis et al: DocScientia Textbook and Workbook Grade 9 Natural Sciences CAPS; 2013
info@docscientia.co.za