Disease Related

1. HEPATITIS B
KANWAL NISA
19011714-026
MPHIL-III (ZOOLOGY)
SEMINAR (ZOO-532)
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE

2. Hepatitis B

3. CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION
•HISTORY
•SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•PREVALENCE
•STRUCTURE OF VIRUS
•MECHANISM
•DIAGNOSE
•TREATMENT
•REFERENCES

4. INTRODUCTION
Caused by Hepatitis B Virus
Acute And Chronic types
Infectious Blood (Rubin, & Strayer, 2008)

5. History
•Europe
•16th Century
4500
year
•Australia
Antigen-HbsAg
•Lymph
Lurman-
1885 (Jakubik , & Ryn, 2000)

6. Structure of Virus
Lipid Envelope
Nucleocapsid Core
30-40 nm (Locarnini , 2004)

7. (Chang, 2007)
(

8. Signs And
Symptoms

9. (El-Serag, & Rudolph, 2007)

10. Loss of
Appetite
Dark
Urine
(Liang, 2009)

11. PREVALENCE
2004
•350 Million
worldwide
10% •Asia
2-7% •Europe
(Alter, 2003)

12. TRANSMISSION
(Fairley, & Read , 2012)

13. MECHANISM
Entry of Virus
Replication
Cytotoxic T
lymphocytes
(Tong , Li , & Wands, 1999)

14. (Pungpapong, Kim, Poterucha, 2007)

15. DIAGNOSE
HBsAg
IgG
Blood test
IgM
PCR
(Liaw , Brunetto , & Hadziyannis,
2010)

17. TREATMENT
(Lai , & Yuen, 2007)

18. PREVENTION
Vaccination
90%
40
years
75%
Over
60
(Chan , Wong , Qin , & Chan, 2016)

20. REFERENCES
• RUBIN, R., STRAYER, D.S., & RUBIN, E.(2008). RUBIN'S PATHOLOGY: CLINICOPA
FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS.(5):638.
• JAKUBIK, A., & RYN, Z. (1973). "PSEUDOMEDICAL EXPERIMENTS IN NAZI CONCE
CAMPS". PRZEGL LEK. 30 (1): 64–7
• LOCARNINI, S. (2004). "MOLECULAR VIROLOGY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS". SEMINARS
DISEASE. 24: 3–10.
• EL-SERAG, H.B., & RUDOLPH, K.L.(2007). "HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: EPIDEMIO
MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS". GASTROENTEROLOGY. 132 (7): 2557–76.
• LIANG, T.J. (2009). "HEPATITIS B: THE VIRUS AND DISEASE". HEPATOLOGY. 49 (5): 13–21.

21. CONT.…
• ALTER, M.J . (2003). "EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B". SEMINARS IN LIVER DISE
• FAIRLEY ,C.K., & READ, T.R. (FEBRUARY 2012). "VACCINATION AGAINST SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 25 (1): 66–72.
• TONG, S., LI, J., & WANDS, J.R .(1999). "CARBOXYPEPTIDASE D IS AN AVIAN HEPATITIS B VIRUS RE
OF VIROLOGY. 73 (10): 8696–8702.
• LIAW, Y.F., BRUNETTO ,M.R., & HADZIYANNIS , S. (2010). "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF CHRONIC HB
GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES". ANTIVIRAL THERAPY. 15: 25–33.
• LAI ,C.L., & YUEN, M.F. (2007). "THE NATURAL HISTORYAND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS
EVALUATION OF STANDARD TREATMENT CRITERIAAND END POINTS". ANNALS OF INTERNAL ME

22. REFERENCES
• CHANG, M.H. (2007).HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION.SEMIN FETAL NEONATAL M
167.
• PUNGPAPONG, S., KIM, W.R., & POTERUCHA, J.J. (2007).NATURAL HISTORY OF
VIRUS INFECTION. AN UPDATE FOR CLINICITIONS. MAYO CLINIC .82(8):967-97
• CHAN, S.L., WONG ,V.W., QIN, S., & CHAN, H.L. (2016). "INFECTION AND CANC
OF HEPATITIS B". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. 34 (1): 83–90.