This document summarizes the phylum Chaetognatha, commonly known as arrow worms. It describes their general appearance, including a segmented body with fins and teeth. It discusses their predatory feeding behavior and hermaphroditic reproduction. Chaetognatha are found globally in marine environments, from surface waters to the deep sea. Their classification is debated, with some placing them among the deuterostomes and others among the protostomes.

1. BIOLOGY 2
Presented by:
Dan Michael D. Pabilona
BEED-3D3
Presented to:
Ms. Earma G. Padilla
Instructor, Biology 2
March 09, 2017

2. PHYLUM
CHAETOGNATHA

3.  General Description
 Mode of Nutrition
 Reproduction
 Locomotion
 Habitat
 Classification

4. The name Chaetognatha (ke-tog-na-tha) comes from the Greek word
( Chaite – means long flowing hair, + Gnathos – means Jaw)
Chaetognatha

5. Phylum Chaetognatha meaning Bristle-jaws.
- commonly known as “arrow worms”. Are
coelomate animals of relatively small size, with
straight, slender, transparent body displaying
perfect bilateral symmetry.
* they are usually colorless, slightly opaque.
General Description

6. * the body is divided in three parts by internal
partitioning: HEAD, TRUNK and TAIL.
- Fins on both the tail and the body.
- The head has eyes with photoreceptive cells,
Each side of the head bears a group of curved
grasping hooks and one or two rows of teeth.

7. * called the anterior and posterior teeth.
* the hooks and teeth are made of chitin.
- The trunk bears one or two pairs of lateral fins
incorporating structures superficially similar to
the fin rays of fish, with which they are not
homologous.
- They are generally less than an inch (2.5
centimeters) in size.

8.  Chaetognaths are carnivorous predators.
 These voracious meat-eaters catch large
numbers of copepods, larval fish,
crustaceans, swallowing them whole.
- The large spines around their mouth helps
them grab and restrain their prey and
immobilize them with neurotoxins.
Mode Of Nutrition

9. All known Chaetognatha are Hermaphrodites.
* meaning they possess both male and
female sex organs.
- The female organ ( the ovaries)
* are just behind the mid-body mark
(trunk)
- The male organ ( the testis)
* are in the tail
Reproduction

10.  The sperm mature before the ova
(eggs) which may help avoid self
fertilization to same extent.
Fertilization is internal and depending on
the species fertilized eggs may be
brooded, deposited on the seafloor, or
released into the ocean.

11.  Their torpedo-like body shape allows
them to move quickly through the water.
- Chaetognatha alternate between swimming
and floating.
- The fins along their body are not used to
swim, but rather to help them float.
- They usually swim to the surface at night
and descend during daytime.
Locomotion

12. They are found in all marine waters, from
surface tropical waters and shallow tide
pools to the deep sea and polar regions,
most species are planktonic, but a small
number of species are Benthic.
* about 20%, live just above the ocean
floor and can attach to seaweed or rocks.
Habitat

13. Chaetognatha are traditionally
classed by an (embryologist) as
Deuterostomes and by
(phylogenists) as Protostomes.
Classification
 Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chaetognatha
Class: Sagittoidea
Order:
Aphragmophora
Phragmophora

14. The embryologist Lynn Margulis and
K.V Schwartz placed chaetognaths in
deuterostomes in their five kingdom
classification.
Deuterostomes - The name
deuterostomes means "second mouth."
The name is derived from the embryo
developing the anus first, followed by the
mouth.

15. The phylogenists Thomas Cavalier-
Smith placed them in the
protostomes in his six kingdom
classification.
Protostomes – means “first
mouth” embryos develop the mouth
first and then the anus,

16. Reference
• Animaldiversity.org/accounts/chaetognatha
• www.earthlife.net/inverts/chaetognatha.html
• www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chaetognatha
• https://en.Wikipedia.orh/wiki/Chaetognatha
• eol.org/pages/1740/overview
• Species-identification.org
• www.polarlife.ca/organisms/inverts/marine_inverts/chaet
ognatha.htm