Panax ginseng .siam (pdf file)

1. Assignment
On
Pharmacological properties of
Ginseng and it’s pharmaceutical
application.

2. No. Contents
Page
No.
01. Introduction…………………… 01
02. Standard And Specifications of Panax Ginseng
02
03.. Botanical Identification and Information of
Panax Ginseng …………………… 04
04. Properties of Panax Ginseng ………… 06
05. Therapeuticand Pharmacology of Panax
Ginseng………
Effects on the CNS
Hypolipidemic/Cardiac Effects
Growth-metabolism system and immune system
Ant-oxidation Effect
Anti-aging effect
Effects on Alzheimer's disease
Anti-neoplastic effect
Hemolytic Effects
Hepatic Effects
Hypoglycemic Effects
Regulating endocrine
Effects on endotoxins
Effects on myocardial ischemia
Effects on protein glycosylation
07
06. Applicationsof Panax Ginseng ………… 10
07. Panax Ginseng Side Effects………….
08. Conclusions

3. Brief Introduction: The product Panax Ginseng Extract is made
from the leaves and stems of the Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.,which is a
plant of the Araliaceae(Aralia family) family.Its specification available
at concentration ratio 10:1grade with strong potency,or standardized to
the constituents Ginsenosides the herb has,and purity up to
20%,50%,80%.The manufacturing of the products followed standard
flow chart and in brief as:
Raw Herb Material-->Select&Wash-->Stoving-->Smashing--
>Extract&Reflow-->Concentration-->Double Evaporation-->Drying--
>Seving-->Mixing-->Packing-->Product
Or
Raw Herb Material-->Select&Wash-->Stoving-->Smashing--
>Extract&Reflow-->Concentration-->Double Evaporation-->Separate
Precipitation-->Absorption-->Extraction-->Drying-->Seving-->Mixing--
>Packing-->Product
It has very good fine fluidity and very nice solubility in cold and hot
water,alcohol,or solution of water alcohol,and some other inorganic or
organic solutions.
The product Panax Ginseng Extract has wide applications and may be
used in different fields including herbal teas,drinks,supplements and
cosmetics etc,there is some introduction of its brief application guide
both traditional and modern.

4. Standard And Specifications of Panax Ginseng
Standard And Specifications
Test/Observation Specifications/Result
Name: Panax Ginseng Extract.
Serial Number: R079.
Specification(s): Ginsenosides 20%50%HPLC.10:1TLC
Part Used: Stem Leaves of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
INCI Name: PANAX GINSENG EXTRACT
EINECS/ELINCS No.: 283-493-7
CAS: 84650-12-4
Chem/IUPAC Name:
Panax Ginseng Extract is an extract of the roots of the
ginseng, Panax ginseng, Araliaceae
Shelf Life: 24months+ at proper storage conditions.
Appearance: Light Yellow Fine Powder.
Mesh Size: 100% Pass 80 Mesh Screen.
Color: Light Yellow.
Odor and Smell: Characteristic.
Taste Sense: Characteristic.
Bulk Density: 0.45~0.55g/ml.

5. Standard And Specifications
Loss On Drying: <5.0%.
Acid-Insoluble Ash: < 5.0%.
Total Heavy Metals: < 10ppm.
Total Plate Count: ≤ 3,000~5,000 Cfu/gm or ≤1,000 Cfu/gm
Mould and Yeast: ≤ 300~500 Cfu/gm or ≤100 Cfu/gm
E.Coli Negative
Salmonella Negative
Standard And Specifications
Botanical Identification and Information of Panax Ginseng.
Ginseng root (Chinese Ginseng - Panax ginseng)
Order:Apiales
Family:Araliaceae(Aralia family)
Subfamily:Aralioideae

6. Genus:Panax L.
Species:Panax ginseng (Meyer);Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
Botanical Source: Panax ginseng (Meyer); Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
Latin Name: Panax ginseng
Pharmacopeial Name: Ginseng radix
Other Names: Asian Ginseng, Chinese ginseng, true ginseng.
Synonyms:Panax schinseng(Nees),Chinese ginseng,oriental
ginseng,wonder of the world,Oriental Ginseng,Panax schinseng,Red
Ginseng,Seng,Ren shen.
Parts used: Dried root,Ginseng is cleared of the rootlets and sliced for
medicinal use. Its leaves, flowers, fibrous rootlets and seeds can all be
used as herbs.
The word ginseng is said to mean 'the wonder of the world.'
Collection:Commercially grown roots take at least seven years to reach
a weight of 60-100g at which point they can be harvested. The wild
plant achieves that weight only after 150-200 years.
Ginseng products are made from the ginseng root, and the long, thin
offshoots, called root hairs. Both Asian and American ginseng contain
ginsenosides, saponins that are ginseng's active ingredients. In addition
to ginsenosides, Asian ginseng also contains glycans (panaxans),
polysaccharide fraction DPG-3-2, peptides, maltol, B vitamins,
flavonoids, and volatile oil.

7. Properties:
Ginseng's genus name Panax is derived from the
Greek pan (all) akos (cure), meaning cure-all. The transliteration of the
word gin (man) seng (essence) is derived from the Chinese ideogram for
"crystallization of the essence of the earth in the form of a man".
Ginseng's therapeutic uses were recorded in the oldest comprehensive
materia medica, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, written around two thousand
years ago. In Asian medicine, dried ginseng is used as a tonic to
revitalize and replenish vital energy (qi). The usual effect of replenishing
qi is not to give an energy boost like that of caffeine or amphetamine. It
is traditionally used as an aid during convalescence and as a prophylactic
to build resistance, reduce susceptibility to illness, and promote health
and longevity. Its activity appears to be based on whole body effects,
rather than particular organs or systems, which lends support to the
traditional view that ginseng is a tonic that can revitalize the functioning
of the organism as a whole.

8. In the TCM system,the herb Panax Ginseng taste Sweet and slightly
bitter in flavor, slightly warm in nature, and related to the heart, spleen
and lung channels.
Pharmacology of Ginseng:
Ginseng leaf-stem extracts exhibit multifaceted pharmacological actions
in the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, growth-
metabolism system and immune system. Ginseng leaf-stem extracts also
possess anti-fatigue, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-
oxidant and anti-aging activities as described below.
Effects on the central nervous system:
Depending on which active component of Ginseng is exerting the
predominant pharmacological action, Ginseng can have an excitatory or
an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system.
Hypolipidemic/Cardiac Effects:
The herbal classics CCHM noted the herb ginseng show cardiac and
vascular effect:the direct effects usually in a small dose of
excitement,inhibit large doses. 10% ginseng infusions 1 ml/kg cat(or
rabbit) orally,cardiac muscle weakness have some improvement.There is

9. a considerable degree of recovery during rewarming.Anti-anaphylactic
shock and also the role of strong heart. Ginseng rat myocardial cell
membrane ATP activity was inhibited.
Effects on growth and intermediary metabolism:
Ginsenosides from Chinese ginseng leaf-stem significantly increased the
protein and RNA contents of muscles and liver in rats and that
ginsenosides accelerated the growth of young pigs. It was suggested that
ginsenosides may have direct influence on RNA and protein synthesis
Antioxidation Effect:
Ginseng enhances the body's immunity and adaptability, and
counteracts lipid peroxidation.
Anti-aging effect:
Ginseng inhibits plasma cyclic nucleoside-phosphate.The water
decoction of Ginseng can significantly enhance the activity of liver cell
DNA methylase in mice of physiological renal deficiency.
Effects on Alzheimer's disease:
Administered to patients of Alzheimer's disease, Ginseng can regulate
their central cholinergy level and the change in the monoamine nerve
transmitter.
Anti-neoplastic effect:
Ginseng significantly inhibits S180 and H22 sarcomas with an average
inhibition rate of 24.88% and 41.10%, respectively.

10. Hemolytic Effects:
Hemolytic Effects:Ginseng as a whole has shown hemostatic action.The
saponin part of Ginseng has no specific action on blood,but individual
ginsenosides do.The number of sugars in the ginsenosides,and their
sterochemical positions,seems to affect the specific activity.
Hepatic Effects:
Hepatoprotective effects have been observed for various
ginsenosides.Hepatotoxicity was reduced oin cultured rat hepatocytes by
administration of ginsenosides.
Hypoglycemic Effects:
The herbal classics CCHM noted the herb ginseng show hyperglycemic
effect:hyperglycemic animal adrenaline-induced blood glucose lowering
effect; in addition to consciously improve symptoms, there is a slight
hypoglycemic effect for diabetic patients with insulin have a synergistic
effect.
Increase Body Weight:
The herbal classics CCHM noted the herb ginseng show increase body
weight effects:In appropriate doses, can also increase the weight of the
rabbit, so the ratio of albumin and globulin increased.
Promoting Intelligence and Cognitive function:
Research on central nervous transmitter, protein and cerebral nucleic

11. acid synthesis, and the second messenger system shows that Ginseng
promotes intelligence.
Regulating endocrine:
As rats age, their plasma T3, T4 cortisol levels decrease; Ginseng is
observed to be able to reverse this trend.
Lowering blood sugar:
Administered at the dosage of 30g/kg, Ginseng can significantly lower
the blood sugar level in mice of alloxan-induced diabetes. The same
effect is not observed in healthy mice.
Effects on endotoxins:
Although Ginseng extract is not known to be capable of destroying
directly the structure of endotoxins, it does counteract induced heat,
decrease in white blood cell count, and shock.
Effects on myocardial ischemia:
Ginseng can lower the cAMP level ischemic cardiac muscles.
Effects on protein glycosylation:
Ginseng inhibits both human serum albumin and rat crystalline.

12. Applications:
Adaptogen.Immune System.
Alcohol Intoxication.
Alzheimer's Diseases.
Cardiovascular Health.
Central nervous system.Depression.Stress.Mental Performance and
Mood Enhancement.Memory and thinking processes.
Diabetes,Type 2.Lowering blood sugar.
Fertility/Sexual Performance/Nitric Oxide,Reproductive Activity.
Menopausal Symptoms.
Physical Endurance.Promoting intelligence.
Respiratory Disease.
Anti-oxidation effect.Anti-aging effect.
Anti-neoplastic effect.Cancer.
Regulating endocrine.
Endotoxins.
Myocardial ischemia.
Protein glycosylation.
Reinforce vital energy(invigorating primodial qi),greatly tonify
Qi(reinforce vital energy,invigorating primodial qi),
Restore the pulse and relieving depletion,
Replenish spleen and benefit lung,

13. Engender liquid(promote the secretion of saliva or body fluid),
Calm the nerves(relieve uneasiness of mind and body tranquilization),
Boost intelligence,etc.
Side Effects
• Ginseng is a Stimulant!!
• Hypertension
• Insomnia
• Irritability
• Decreased sexual function
• Euphoria
• Headaches
• Menstrual abnormalities
• Palpitations
• Skin eruptions
• Tremors
Conclusion
Extracts from ginseng root and leaf-stem have similar multifaceted
pharmacological activities (e.g. CNS and cardiovascular system). In
terms of costs and source availability, ginseng leaf-stem has advantages
over its root. Further research will facilitate a wider use of ginseng leaf-
stem.

14. Reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Panax+Ginseng&btnG
http://www.mdidea.com/products/new/new079showing.html
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