This document provides data to calculate the cost of excavating and backfilling 4 pits for pad footings and columns. It includes hourly excavation and backfill rates for different types of excavation work in sand, daily labor rates, and adjustments needed for sand excavation, compaction, profit, and overhead to determine the total cost and unit rate per cubic meter. Skilled labor is required for excavation taking longer than 3 hours per cubic meter.

1. QSB 2134 - Estimating
CHAPTER 6 - EXCAVATION
Example 3 (Tutorial/ Seminar 1)
Calculate the cost required to excavate and backfill 4 pits for the following pad footing in sand
using hand.
Pad footing size 500mm x 500mm x 250mm
Column size 250mm x 250mm
250mm
Data:
a) Type of Excavation
Excavation
Output
Backfill Output
hour / m3 hour / m3
Oversite <250mm 1.25 - 1.50 0.50
Basement 2.00 - 2.25 1.00
Trenches 2.00 - 2.75 1.00
Pits 3.00 - 4.50 1.00
Reduce level 1.75 - 2.00 1.00
b) Labour rate 8hrs day
Skilled labour RM50
Unskilled labour RM40
* Skilled labour is required for excavation exceeding 3.00m
c) Additional 25% of time required to excavate and backfill in sand
d) Allow 10% for compaction in sand.
e) Allow 10% profit and 5% overhead.
f) Also calculate the unit rate (RM/m3) for excavation including backfilling.
by Azrina Md Yaakob Page 1 of 1