Higher Education in India

INFORMATION TO OUR READERS
The report is based on voluntary uploading of data by institutions of Higher
Education listed in aishe.gov.in portal in specially designed formats of data collection.
The responsibility for the accuracy of the data rests with the
Nodal Officers of concerned Institution. Planning, Monitoring and
Statistics Bureau has only compiled and analysed the uploaded data.
Inclusion of name of an Institution in any of the list in the portal
www.aishe.gov.in and this publication does not confer the status of
recognition to the Institution by the Ministry of Education.
AISHE 2019-20

I AISHE 2019-20
• Survey covers all institutions of Higher Education in the country, registered
with AISHE code in AISHE portal www.aishe.gov.in. Institutions are
categorized in 3 broad Categories; University, College and Stand-Alone
Institutions.
• There are 1043 Universities, 42343 Colleges and 11779 Stand Alone
Institutions listed on AISHE web portal and out of them 1019 Universities,
39955 Colleges and 9599 Stand-alone Institutions have responded during
the survey. 307 Universities are affiliating i.e. having Colleges.
• 396 Universities are privately managed. 420 Universities are located in rural
area.
• 17 Universities are exclusively for women, 3 in Rajasthan, 2 in Karnataka
and Tamil Nadu & 1 each in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
• In addition to 1 Central Open University, 14 State Open Universities and 1
State Private Open University, there are 110 Dual mode Universities, which
offer education through distance mode also and the maximum 13 of them
are located in Tamil Nadu.
• There are 522 General, 177 Technical, 63 Agriculture & Allied, 66 Medical,
23 Law, 12 Sanskrit and 11 Language Universities and rest 145 Universities
are of other Categories.
• The top 8 States in terms of highest number of colleges in India are Uttar
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
• Bangalore Urban district tops in terms of number of colleges with 1009
colleges followed by Jaipur with 606 colleges. Top 50 districts have about
32% of colleges.
• College density, i.e. the number of colleges per lakh eligible population
(population in the age-group 18-23 years) varies from 7 in Bihar to 59 in
Karnataka as compared to All India average of 30.
• 60.56% Colleges are located in Rural Area. 10.75% Colleges are exclusively
for Female.
• Only 2.7% Colleges run Ph.D. programme and 35.04% Colleges run Post
Graduate Level programmes.
• There are 32.6% Colleges, which run only single programme, out of which
84.1% are privately managed. Among these privately managed colleges,
37.4% colleges run B.Ed. Courses only.
Key Results of the AISHE 2019-20

II
AISHE 2019-20
• 78.6% Colleges are privately managed; 65.2% Private-unaided and 13.4%
Private-aided. Andhra Pradesh & Telangana have about 80% Private-unaided
colleges and Uttar Pradesh has 78.5% Private-unaided colleges, whereas,
Chandigarh has 8.0%.
• 16.6% of the Colleges are having enrolment less than 100 and only 4%
Colleges have enrolment more than 3000.
• Total enrolment in higher education has been estimated to be 38.5
million with 19.6 million boys and 18.9 million female. Female
constitute 49% of the total enrolment.
• Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher education in India is 27.1,
which is calculated for 18-23 years of age group. GER for male
population is 26.9 and for female, it is 27.3. For Scheduled Castes,
it is 23.4 and for Scheduled Tribes, it is 18.0 as compared to the
national GER of 27.1.
• Distance enrolment constitutes about 11.1% of the total enrolment in higher
education, of which 44.5% are female students.
• About 79.5% of the students are enrolled in Undergraduate level programme.
2,02,550 students are enrolled in Ph.D. which is about 0.5% of the total
student enrolment.
• Maximum numbers of Students are enrolled in B.A. programme followed by
B.Sc. and B.Com. programmes. 10 Programmes out of approximately 196
covers 79% of the total students enrolled in higher education.
• At Undergraduate level the highest number 32.7% of students are enrolled
in Arts/Humanities/Social Sciences courses followed by Science 16%,
Commerce 14.9% and Engineering and Technology 12.6%.
• At Ph.D. level, maximum number of students are enrolled in Engineering
and Technology stream followed by Science. On the other hand at Post
Graduate level maximum students are enrolled in Social Science stream and
Science comes at number two.
• Uttar Pradesh comes at number one with the highest student enrolment
followed by Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
• Scheduled Casts students constitute 14.7% and Scheduled Tribes students
5.6% of the total enrolment. 37% students belong to Other Backward
Classes. 5.5% students belong to Muslim Minority and 2.3% from other
Minority Communities.
• The total number of foreign students enrolled in higher education is 49,348.

III AISHE 2019-20
• The foreign students come from 168 different countries from across the globe.
The top 10 countries constitute 63.9% of the total foreign students enrolled.
• Highest share of foreign students come from the neighboring countries of
which Nepal is 28.1% of the total, followed by, Afghanistan 9.1%, Bangladesh
4.6%, Bhutan constitutes 3.8% and Sudan 3.6%.
• There are more than 78.6% colleges running in Private sector; aided and
unaided taken together, but it caters to only 66.3% of the total enrolment.
• The total number of teachers are 15,03,156, out of which about 57.5% are
male teachers and 42.5% are female teachers. At All-India level there are
merely 74 female teachers per 100 male teachers.
• Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) in Universities and Colleges is 28 if regular
mode enrolment is considered whereas PTR for Universities and its
Constituent Units is 18 for regular mode.
• Among non-teaching staff, the share of Group-C is the highest with 40.1%,
followed by Group-D with 27.7%. Group-A and Group-B comprise of 15.1%
and 17.2% non-teaching posts respectively.
• The average number of female per 100 male non-teaching staff is 51.
• 38,986 students were awarded Ph.D. level degree during 2019 with
21,577 male and 17,409 female.
• B.A. (20.3) Lakh degree has been awarded to maximum number of students.
B.Sc. (10.6 Lakh) is the second highest followed by B.Com. (9.3 Lakh).
• At Post Graduate level M.A. pass number of students is maximum followed by
M.Sc. and M.B.A.
• The highest number of students (20.7 Lakh) have graduated in Arts courses.
• At Ph.D. level, maximum numbers of students out-turn is in Science stream
followed by Engineering and Technology. On the other hand at PG level
maximum students out-turn is observed in Social Science and Science stream
comes at number two.
• The share of Ph.D. student is highest in State Public University 29.8% followed
by Institute of National Importance 23.2%, Deemed University-Private 13.9%
and Central University 13.6%.
• Share of female students is lowest in Institutions of National
Importance followed by Deemed University-Government, State
Private University.

V AISHE 2019-20
CONTENTS
Message
Foreword
Preface
Information to Our Readers
Key Results of the AISHE 2019-20 (I)-(III)
CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION 1-5
1.1 Steering Committee & Working Group 1
1.2 The Central Sector Scheme 2
1.3 Identification of Institutions for Coverage 2
1.4 Reference Period for AISHE 2019-20 2
1.5 Formulation of Concepts & Definition and Instruction Manual 3
1.6 List of Higher Education Institutions 3
1.7 Partner Agencies 3
1.8 Mode of Survey 4
1.9 Duration of the Survey AISHE 2019-20 4
1.10 Institutions Uploaded Data under Survey 4
CHAPTER 2-ANALYSIS 7-35
2.1 NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS 7
2.1.1 University 7
2.1.2 College 8
2.1.2 (a) Management-wise number of Colleges 11
2.1.2 (b) Size of Colleges 11
2.1.3 Stand Alone Institution 12
2.2 STUDENT ENROLMENT 13
2.2.1 Level-wise Enrolment 13
2.2.2 Programme-wise Enrolment (Based on Actual Response) 14
2.2.3 Discipline/Subject-wise Enrolment (Based on Actual Response) 14
2.2.4 Gender Distribution 17
2.2.5 Social Group-wise Distribution 19
2.2.6 Representation of Minority Students 19
2.2.7 Representation of PWD Students 19
2.2.8 Representation of Foreign Students 20
2.2.8 (a) Programme-wise Foreign Students 21
2.2.9 Enrolment in Distance Mode 21
2.2.10 Enrolment in Stand-Alone Institutions 23
2.2.11 Representation of Private Sector 24
2.3 GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO IN HIGHER EDUCATION (18-23 YEARS) 25
2.4 TEACHING POSITION 26
2.4.1 Pupil Teacher Ratio 28
2.5 NON-TEACHING STAFF 28
2.6 OUT-TURN/EXAMINATION RESULT 30
2.6.1 Level-wise Out-Turn (Based on Actual Response) 30
2.6.2 Programme-wise Out-Turn (Based on Actual Response) 30
2.6.3 Discipline-wise Out-Turn (Based on Actual Response) 30
AISHE 2019-20

6
AISHE 2019-20
AISHE 2019-20
2.7 ENROLMENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNIVERSITIES 31
2.8 INFRASTRUCTURES FOR INSTITUTION 33
2.9 ENROLMENT IN PROFESSIONAL COURSES 34
CHAPTER 3- ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY 37-39
CHAPTER 4- TIME SERIES DATA ANALYSIS 41-52
4.1 Growth in Number of Higher Educational Institutions 41
4.2 Growth in Student Enrolment 43
4.3 Trend in Gross Enrolment Ratio 47
4.4 Trend in Gender Parity Index 48
4.5 Trend in Pupil Teacher Ratio 49
4.6 Growth in Number of Teachers 49
4.7 Trend in programme-wise enrolment at various levels 50
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Distribution of Responding Universities as per Specialisation 7
Figure 2 Number of Colleges and Eligible Population (18-23 years) in Top 10 States
(Bubble size indicating the number of Colleges)
10
Figure 3 Management-wise distribution of Colleges 11
Figure 4 Number of Colleges in Different Range of Enrolment 11
Figure 5 Share of Private sector in different type of Stand Alone Institutions 13
Figure 6 Student Enrolment by Levels 13
Figure 7 Stream-wise Distribution of Under Graduate Enrolment 15
Figure 8 Gender Distribution at Different Levels 18
Figure 9 Top 6 States as per Enrolment & Representation of Male:Female 18
Figure 10 Social Groups and Gender Distribution in Student Enrolment 19
Figure 11 Foreign Students’ Distribution in Top 10 Countries 20
Figure 12 Foreign Students Enrolment across Levels 20
Figure 13 Gender-wise & Level-wise Foreign Students Enrolment 20
Figure 14 Female per 100 Male 21
Figure 15 Level-wise Enrolment 21
Figure 16 Share of Regular & Distance Enrolment 22
Figure 17 Female Participation in Different Type of Stand-Alone Institutions 23
Figure 18 % Enrolment in Private & Government College 24
Figure 19 Distribution of GER among Social Groups and Gender 25
Figure 19 (a) GPI Distributed according to Social Groups 25
Figure 20 Social Groups-wise Distribution of Teaching Staff 26
Figure 21 Teachers: SC, ST, OBC, Muslims: Top 10 States 26
Figure 22 Teachers: Female per 100 Male by Social and Religious Groups 27
Figure 23 Teachers: Post-wise Distribution 27
Figure 24 Female per 100 Male Teacher by position 27
Figure 25 Female per 100 Male Teachers in different types of Institutions 27
Figure 26 Female per 100 Male Teachers in Stand Alone Institutions 28
Figure 27 Distribution of Non-Teaching Staff according to Levels 28
Figure 28 Level wise Gender Distribution of Non-Teaching Staff 29
Figure 29 Social Group-wise Distribution of Non-Teaching Staff 29
Figure 30 Female per 100 Male among Non-Teaching Staff in various Social Groups 29
Figure 31 Level-wise Out Turn 30
Figure 32 Discipline-wise Out Turn at Under Graduate Level 30
Figure 33 Discipline-wise Out Turn at Post Graduate Level 31

7 AISHE 2019-20
Figure 34 Discipline-wise Out Turn at Ph.D. Level 31
Figure 35 Level-wise Enrolment in different Type of University 32
Figure 36 Gender Distribution in different Type of University 32
Figure 37 Distribution of Enrolment at UG level 34
Figure 38 Distribution of Enrolment at PG level 35
Figure 39 Percentage of Female Enrolment 35
Figure 40 Number of Universities 41
Figure 41 Number of College 41
Figure 42 Number of Universities by type 41
Figure 43 Number of Universities in major states 42
Figure 44 College Density in Major States 42
Figure 45 Average Enrolment per College in Major States 43
Figure 46 Student Enrolment 43
Figure 47 Gender-wise Enrolment 44
Figure 48 Distribution of enrolment among various Social Groups 45
Figure 49 Percentage Enrolment of Muslim and Other Minority Communities 45
Figure 50 Enrolment in University & its Constituent Units 45
Figure 51 Female per 100 Male Students in University & its Constituent Units 46
Figure 52 Enrolment in University & its Constituent Units at Ph.D., M.Phil. and
Integrated Levels
46
Figure 53 Enrolment in University & its Constituent Units 47
Figure 54 Social Groups-wise GER 47
Figure 55 Gender-wise Gross Enrolment Ratio 48
Figure 56 Gross Enrolment Ratio in major States 48
Figure 57 Social Group-wise GPI 48
Figure 58 Post-wise number of Female Teachers per 100 Male Teachers 49
Figure 59 Enrolment in important programmes at PG Level in Regular mode 50
Figure 60 Female per 100 Male Students in important programmes at PG Level in
Regular mode
51
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 State & Type-wise Number of Universities T-1
Table 1 (a) Total Number of Institution Registered and Responded in AISHE 2019-20 T-1(a)
Table 2 State & Specialization-Wise Number of Universities(based on actual response) T-2
Table 3 State-wise Distribution of Districts in Different Ranges of number of Colleges T-3
Table 4 Number of College per Lakh Population (18-23 YEARS), Average Enrolment
per College
T-4
Table 4 (a) Specialization-wise number of Colleges(Based on actual Response) T-4(a)
Table 5 Number of Private and Government Colleges (Based on actual Response) T-5
Table 5 (a) Enrolment in Private and Government Colleges(Based on actual Response) T-5(a)
Table 5 (b) Number of Colleges Established in 2019 and their Enrolment (Based on actual
Response)
T-5(b)
Table 6 State-wise Estimated Enrolment at various levels T-6
Table 6 (a) State-wise Estimated Enrolment through Regular Mode at various levels T-6(a)
Table 6 (b) State-wise Enrolment through Distance Mode at various levels (Based on actual
Response)
T-6(b)
Table 7 Enrolment in Universities teaching departments and its Constituent Units/
Off-campus Centres (Based on actual Response)
T-7
AISHE 2019-20

8
AISHE 2019-20
AISHE 2019-20
Table 8 Number of Colleges and Enrolment in responding Colleges at various levels
(Based on actual Response)
T-8
Table 9 Number and Enrolment in different types of Stand Alone Institutions (Based on
actual Response)
T-9
Table 10 State-wise Estimated Enrolment in Colleges T-10
Table 11 Programme-wise Enrolment (Based on actual Response) T-11
Table 11 (a) Programme-wise Enrolment-Distance Mode (Based on actual Response) T-11(a)
Table 12 Enrolment at Under Graduate Level in Major Disciplines/ Subjects (Based on
actual Response)
T-12
Table 13 Enrolment at Ph.D., M.Phil. & Post Graduate Level in Major Disciplines/ Subjects
T-13
Table 14 State-wise Estimated Enrolment for Different Social Groups T-14
Table 15 State-wise Enrolment in PWD and Minority Community T-15
Table 16 Country-wise & Level-wise Foreign Students (Based on actual Response) T-16
Table 17 State-wise & Level-wise Foreign Student (Based on actual Response) T-17
Table 18 Foreign Students in Different Programmes (Based on actual Response) T-18
Table 19 Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher Education (18-23 Years) T-19
Table 20 Gender Parity Index (GPI) in Higher Education (18-23 Years) T-20
Table 21 (a) State-wise Number of Teachers among various Social Groups (Based on actual
Response)
T-21(a)
Table 21 (b) State-wise Number of Teachers among Minority & PWD (Based on actual
Response)
T-21(b)
Table 22 State & Post-Wise Number of Male & Female Teacher (Based on actual Response) T-22
Table 22 (a) Post-Wise Number of Teachers in Universities & its Colleges (Based on actual
Response)
T-22(a)
Table 22 (b) Number of Teachers in Universities teaching departments and its Constituent
Unit/Off-campus Centres (Based on actual Response)
T-22(b)
Table 23 State & Post-Wise Number of Male & Female Non-Teaching staff
T-23
Table 24 (a) State-wise Number of Non-Teaching staff among various Social Groups (Based
on actual Response)
T-24(a)
Table 24 (b) State-wise Number of Non-Teaching staff among PWD & Minority Communities
T-24(b)
Table 25 Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) in Higher Education T-25
Table 26 Level-wise Enrolment in various types of Universities
(a) Teaching departments and its Constituent Unit/Off-campus Centres
(b) Affiliated and Constituent Colleges
T-26
Table 27 Social Group-wise Enrolment in various types of Universities (Based on actual
Response)
T-27
Table 28 PWD and Minority Enrolment in various types of Universities
T-28
Table 29 Post-Wise Number of Teachers in various types of Universities (Based on actual
Response)
T-29
Table 30 Social Group-wise Number of Teachers in various types of Universities (Based
on actual Response)
T-30

9 AISHE 2019-20
Table 31 State-wise Number of Hostels, Intake and Student Residing (Based on actual
Response)
T-31
Table 32 Number of Hostels, Intake and Student Residing in various types of Universities
T-32
Table 33 State-wise Out-turn/Pass-out at various levels (Based on actual Response) T-33
Table 34 Programme-wise Out-turn/Pass-out (Based on actual Response) T-34
Table 35 Out-turn/Pass-out at Under Graduate Level in Major Disciplines/ Subjects
T-35
Table 36 Out-turn/Pass-out at Ph.D., M.Phil.& Post Graduate Level in Major Disciplines/
Subjects (Based on actual Response)
T-36
Table 37 Number of different types of Institutions attached with University T-37
Table 38 Population (18-23 Years)-2019-20 T-38
Table 39 Enrolment by Type in University teaching departments and its Constituent
Units/Off-Campus Centres (Based on actual Response)
T-39
Table 40 Number of Universities during last 5 years T-40
Table 41 Number of Universities by Type during last 5 year T-41
Table 42 Various College Indicators during last 5 years T-42
Table 43 Student Enrolment at various levels during last 5 years T-43
Table 44 Enrolment at various levels through Regular mode during last 5 years T-44
Table 45 Social Group-wise Enrolment during last 5 years T-45
Table 46 Enrolment in Minority Community & PWD during last 5 years T-46
Table 47 Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) during last 5 years T-47
Table 48 Gender Parity Index (GPI) during last 5 years T-48
Table 49 Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) during last 5 years T-49
Table 50 Enrolment by University Type at various levels during last 5 years T-50
Table 51 Post-wise Number of Teachers during last 5 years T-51
Table 52 Population in the age group 18-23 years during last 5 years T-52
LIST OF BOXES
Box 1 Registered Number of Institutions with their data uploading response 5
Box 2 Response of Universities during 2019-20 7
Box 3 State-wise Dual Mode Universities (No. in each State) 8
Box 4 State-wise details of Non-responding Universities in 2019-20 8
Box 5 Number of Universities as per range of Colleges 9
Box 6 Top 10 Districts having Maximum Number of Colleges 9
Box 7 Number of District by College Density 9
Box 8 Cumulative Number Colleges in Different Range of Enrolment (Including
colleges pooled)
11
Box 9 Type wise registered Standalone Institutions and their response 12
Box 10 Social Group-wise Distribution of PWD students 19
Box 11 Level-wise Distribution of Distance Enrolment 22
Box 12 Enrolment in Universities and its constituent Units through Regular & Distance
mode
22
Box 13 Percentage of Institutions having various Infrastructure 33
Box 14 Enrolment In Professional Courses 34
Box 15 Number of Major Universities in Last 5 years 41
AISHE 2019-20

AISHE 2019-20
Box 16 Level-wise Enrolment and its Compound Annual Growth Rate 44
Box 17 PTR for Regular Enrolment 49
Box 18 Enrolment in important programmes at Post Graduate Level in Regular mode
of education
50
Box 19 Enrolment in important programmes at Under Graduate Level in Regular
mode of education
51
Box 20 Female per 100 Male Students in important programmes at Under Graduate &
Post Graduate Level in Regular mode of education
52
Box 21 Enrolment in important programmes at Under Graduate Level in Distance
mode of education
52
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure-1 Constitution of Steering Committee for Higher Education Statistics & Public
Information System
A-1
Annexure-2 CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS A-2
Annexure-3 List of Officers Involved in All India Survey on Higher Education 2019-20 A-3
Annexure-4 University Nodal Officers Involved in Coordinating with Colleges A-4
Annexure-5 State-wise List of Non-Response Universities A-5
Annexure-6 Estimation Formula A-6

1 AISHE 2019-20
All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) was initiated in 2011 during which
data for the year 2010-11 was collected. The survey was utmost necessary as none
of the source of data on Higher Education was giving complete picture of Higher
Education in the country. For the first time all the major Stakeholders in Higher
Education such as University Grants Commissions, All India Council for Technical
Education, Medical Council of India as well as State Governments participated in the
data collection exercise. The entire survey was conducted through electronic mode
and a dedicated portal http://aishe.gov.in was developed for this purpose, thus making
the exercise completely paperless. The survey intended to cover all the Institutions in
the country engaged in imparting Higher Education. Data is being collected on several
parameters such as teachers, student enrolment, programmes, examination results,
education finance, infrastructure, etc. Indicators of educational development such as
Institution Density, Gross Enrolment Ratio, Pupil Teacher Ratio, Gender Parity Index,
etc. are calculated from the data collected through AISHE. These are useful in making
informed policy decisions and research for development of education sector. The
survey is being conducted on annual basis. It is pertinent to mention that the results
published in this report are based on number of institutions who have registered and
uploaded their information in specially designed Data Capture Formats (DCFs). Thus,
there is possibility that all Institutions of Higher Education may not have registered
on AISHE 2019-20.
1.1 Steering Committee and Working Group: The XII five-year Plan categorically
highlighted the need for a strong current and comprehensive data for evidence-based
policy making and effective planning. The Plan document also took note of the All India
Survey on Higher Education initiated by the Ministry of Education and indicated that it
can provide useful insights and can be the first step towards creating a comprehensive
higher education data management system. Keeping this in view, a new plan scheme
Higher Education Statistics and Public Information System (HESPIS) has been approved
in XII Five Year Plan. With a view to ensure coordinated approach to all these efforts,
particularly data collection efforts and benefit from synergy in such efforts, a Steering
Committee for Higher Education Statistics and Public Information System has also been
constituted under the chairmanship of Secretary (Higher Education), MoE and different
stake-holders as members. The notification on constitution of the Steering Committee
and its Terms of Reference is given at Annexure-1.
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1 AISHE 2019-20

2
AISHE 2019-20
1.2 The Central Sector Scheme: The scheme of Higher Education Statistics and
Public Information System (HESPIS) under which the survey is being conducted since XII
Five Year Plan has been extended for continuation up to 2019-20 by the Standing Finance
Committee (SFC) with an out lay of Rs. 64.09 crore.
1.3 Identification of Institutions for Coverage: The Institutions have been
classified in following 3 broad categories
• University and University Level Institutions i.e., the Institutions which are
empowered to award degree under some Act of Parliament or State Legislature.
• Colleges/Institutions which are not empowered to provide degree in its own
name and therefore are affiliated/recognised with Universities.
• Stand-alone Institutions (not affiliated with Universities) which are not
empowered to provide degree and therefore run Diploma Level Programmes.
During the survey, following 7 types of such Institutions have been covered.
1. Technical Institutes such as Polytechnics recognized by AICTE/State
Directorate of Technical Education
2. Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) Institutes recognized
by AICTE
3. Teacher Training Institutes such as District Institute of Education and
Training recognized by National Council for Teacher Education
4. Nursing Institutes recognized by Indian Nursing Council/State Nursing
Council
5. Institutes directly under the control of various Central Ministries
6. Paramedical Institutes as recognized by Paramedical Council
7. Hotel Management & Catering Institutes recognized by National Council
for Hotel Management & Catering Technology
1.4 Reference Period for AISHE 2019-20: Reference date for filling up the Data
Capture Formats was 30th September 2019. The number of institutions, teachers and
students has been recorded on the basis of their actual number as on 30th
September
2019. Information in respect of Examination Result has been collected for the students
passed out/awarded degree on or before 30th September 2019 for the previous academic
year. Financial Information has been recorded for the previous financial year i.e., 1st
April
2018 to 31st
March 2019.

3 AISHE 2019-20
1.5 Formulation of Concepts and Definition and Instruction Manual: All
the terms generally used in higher education such as university, college, programmes,
discipline, faculty, department have been clearly defined in the Instruction Manual for
AISHE 2019-20 is available in the portal (www.aishe.gov.in) which also includes item-wise
instructions to fill the forms. Concepts and Definitions used in the survey are given at
Annexure 2.
1.6 List of Higher Education Institutions: Earlier lists of all the Universities and
Stand-alone Institutions were prepared by adopting the following method:
- Consulting the websites of the State Government Departments, Ministries and
Institutions.
- Consulting all the Central Ministries, Councils and State Governments for
providing the list of Institutions under their control.
Different colleges are regulated with different regulatory bodies. There are some
colleges whose programmes are recognised by more than one regulatory body. To avoid
such duplication or omission, University was identified as best source to prepare the list
of colleges.
In addition, the following mechanism was also adopted to update the list of institutions
for 2019-20.
• List of Universities through State Governments, Central Ministries, UGC and
self-disclosure by the Universities, which is to be verified by the Act of the
University.
• List of Colleges through Universities
• List of Stand-Alone Institutions through respective Councils, State Governments
and Central Ministries
An online module has been developed to update the list of institutions. Apart from
addition and deletion, module has been developed to affiliate and de-affiliate colleges
which maintain the identity of the college even after shifting from one University to other.
A provision has also been made for those colleges which are upgraded to University so
that there is always a backward linkage.
1.7 Partner Agencies: Statistics Division, D/o Higher Education, Ministry of
Education is primarily responsible for formulation and design of the survey, which
includes preparation of DCF, providing training to nodal officers in workshops,
engagement with National Informatics Centre (NIC) in software development, etc.
The software support was provided by NIC. Several regulatory authorities such as

4
AISHE 2019-20
UGC, AICTE, MCI, etc. also took part by instructing their institutions for providing
information in the survey.
Nodal officers in each State are expected to coordinate the survey work. Most of the
States have nominated Higher/ Technical Education department as Nodal department/
agency for coordinating the Survey. Along with State nodal officers, 3 more nodal officers,
one each from Directorate of Technical Education (for Polytechnics), SCERT (for DIETs
and Teacher Training diploma level institutions) and State Nursing Council have also
been designated to co-ordinate with Standalone Institutions. The names of these State
Nodal officers and University Nodal Officers (Affiliating) are shown at Annexure-3 and
Annexure-4 respectively.
1.8 Mode of Survey: A dedicated portal (http://aishe.gov.in) has been developed with
the help of National Informatics Centre (NIC) for collection and compilation of the data.
All the Institutions need to register on the portal for accessing the portal and uploading
their data. The registrations of the Institutions are approved by appropriate level of
officers at State/ Central Level and in case of colleges, by University nodal Officers. The
e-version of DCF has been prepared in such a manner that it expands according to the
structure/size (Number of Faculties/ Departments, Programmes, etc.) of the Institution.
The Data Capture Format is downloaded from the portal, filled off-line and then filled-
in DCF is uploaded, which has made it completely paper-less. DCF has been designed
in such a manner that no manual aggregation is required at any level. No investigator
is sent to the Institution to collect the data. In fact, the nodal officers appointed by the
Institutions themselves are the Investigator and they are responsible for filling up the
DCF and uploading it on portal with an undertaking from head of the institutions. This
eliminates the duplication of effort in data entry once form is uploaded by the Institution.
Once data is uploaded by the Institutions, data compilation is done automatically in
pre-designed formats. Filled-in DCFs are available on the portal, which can be seen and
modified by the Institutions and higher-level authorities, if required, till survey is open.
1.9 Duration of the Survey AISHE 2019-20: The survey was launched on 1st
January, 2020. Data uploading started from that very first day of its launching and
continued till 15th
August, 2020. One of its special features is that data, such as basic
details, name of faculties/departments and list of programmes can be pre-filled in future
survey DCF from the previously filled-in DCF with an option to edit pre-filled data.
1.10 Institutions Uploaded Data under Survey: In AISHE 2019-20, 993 Universities,
38,102 Colleges and 8,631 Stand-alone Institution have uploaded the form on the portal.
However, in addition to the actual response received during AISHE 2019-20, data has
been pooled from the AISHE data uploaded during last two years of Higher Education

5 AISHE 2019-20
Box 1: Registered Number of Institutions with their
data uploading response
Universities Colleges
Stand Alone
Institutions
Listed for AISHE 2019-20 1043 42343 11779
Actual Response in AISHE 2019-20 993
(95.2%)
38102
(90.0%)
8631
(73.3%)
Total number of Institutions after
pooling data from AISHE 2017-18
to AISHE 2018-19
1019
(97.7%)
39955
(94.4%)
9599
(81.5%)
List of Universities, which did not upload the data during 2019-20 is also shown at Annexure 5.
institutions which existed in 2019-20 but could not upload the data in present survey
years. So, by pooling, the results are actually based on response from a larger number
of institutions than the actual response of 2019-20 survey which can be seen from the
following Table.

7 AISHE 2019-20
2.1 NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS
2.1.1 University
During 2019-20, 1043 Universities listed on AISHE portal were expected to
upload the data. The type-wise details of the 1043 Universities are given below. Out
of them 993 Universities uploaded the data during 2019-20 and to arrive at better
educational indicators, 26 Universities which had uploaded the data either of the last
two years but not during 2019-20, have been pooled. The names of Universities,
which could not upload the data during 2019-20, are listed in Annexure 5.
CHAPTER 2 – ANALYSIS
Box 2: Response of Universities during 2019-20
Type of university
Number of
Universities
Number of
Response*
Central University 48 46
Central Open University 1 1
Institution of National Importance 135 133
State Public University 386 379
Institution Under State Legislature Act 5 5
State Open University 14 14
State Private University 327 315
State Private Open University 1 1
Deemed University- Government 36 36
Deemed University- Government Aided 10 9
Deemed University- Private 80 80
Grand Total 1043 1019
*Including 26 universities which have uploaded data for AISHE 2017-18 to 2018-19.
Among 1043 Universities,
408 Universities are privately
managed and 420 Universities
are located in rural area. 17
Universities are exclusively for
women with 3 in Rajasthan, 2 in
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, 1 each
in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,
Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttarakhand
and West Bengal.
7 AISHE 2019-20

8
AISHE 2019-20
There are 307 Affiliating Universities. The state-wise number of universities by
types is given in Table 1. The distribution of responding universities as per specializations
is shown in the Figure 1. State-wise distribution of Universities as per specialization is
given in Table-2.
In addition to 1 Central
Open University, 14 State Open
Universities and 1 State Private
Open University, there are 110
Dual mode Universities, which
offer education through both
regular and distance mode also.
Outof110DualmodeUniversities,
13 are located in Tamil Nadu. In
Jharkhand, neither there is any
Open University nor any Dual
Mode University. The state-wise
details are given in the Box 3.
Except 24 universities located
in 10 States (Box 4) viz., Andhra
Pradesh,Delhi,Haryana,Jharkhand,
Madhya Pradesh, Manipur,
Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Sikkim,
and Uttar Pradesh all Universities
in other states have uploaded the
data during AISHE 2019-20. In 4
Union Territories namely Andaman
and Nicobar Islands, Dadra and
Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu,
Ladakh and Lakshadweep, there
are no Universities.
2.1.2 College
Only affiliated and constituent institutions of Central and State Public
Universities have been counted as colleges. Constituent units of deemed/private
universities, Off-campus centers and Recognized centers have not been counted as
Box 3: State-wise Dual Mode Universities
(No. in each State)
Tamil Nadu 13
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka 8
Telangana, West Bengal 7
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh
6
Assam, Delhi, Kerala, Rajasthan 5
Haryana 4
Bihar, Punjab, Sikkim,
Uttarakhand
3
J&K, Odisha, Chhattisgarh 2
Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh,
Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh,
Nagaland, Puducherry, Tripura
1
Box 4: State-wise details of Non-responding
Universities in 2019-20
Andhra Pradesh 2
Delhi 1
Haryana 2
Jharkhand 1
Madhya Pradesh 7
Manipur 1
Meghalaya 1
Rajasthan 4
Sikkim 1
Uttar Pradesh 4
All India 24

9 AISHE 2019-20
Colleges. There are 307 affiliating
Universities and they have 42343
colleges. There are 16 Universities,
which have 500 or more colleges.
The number of Universities among
different ranges of colleges is
shown in the Box 5. Chatrapati
Sahuji Maharaj Kanpur University,
Kanpur has the maximum number
of colleges (946). Evidently, there
are wide variations in number of
colleges per district. The top 10
districts and number of colleges in
those districts are shown in Box 6. In these 10 districts almost 10.7% of colleges
are located out of total colleges. However, the top 50 districts have about 32.0% of
colleges. Distribution of districts by number of Colleges in a range is shown Box 7.
State-wise distribution of districts by number of colleges in a range is given at Table-3.
Box 6: Top 10 Districts having
Maximum Number of Colleges
District Name
Number of
Colleges
Bengaluru Urban 1009
Jaipur 606
Hyderabad 482
Pune 467
Prayagraj 363
Rangareddi 352
Bhopal 326
Nagpur 325
Guntur 301
Ghazipur 300
Box 7: Number of District by
College Density
Number of
College
Number of
districts
1-10 149
10-19 95
20- 49 186
50-99 134
100-199 97
200-299 28
300-399 6
400-499 2
500-999 1
More than 1000 1
Box 5: Number of Universities as per range
of Colleges
Range
Number of
Colleges
Number of
University
Cumulative
number of
University
0-100 168 168
100-200 66 234
200-300 34 268
300-400 13 281
400-500 10 291
500-1000 16 307

10
AISHE 2019-20
In Uttar Pradesh, there are 7788 Colleges and
for every one lakh population there are 31 Colleges.
Similarly, Maharashtra comes second with 4494 Colleges
and 34 Colleges per lakh population. Karnataka comes
at third position with 4047 Colleges and 59 Colleges per
lakh population whereas Rajasthan is at fourth position
with 3380 Colleges and 37 Colleges per lakh population.
Andhra Pradesh comes at fifth position with 2750 Colleges
and has College density of 51. Tamil Nadu comes at sixth position with 2610 Colleges and
38 Colleges per lakh population whereas Madhya Pradesh is at seventh position with 2411
Colleges and 27 Colleges per lakh population. Gujrat has 2275 Colleges and 31 Colleges for
every one lakh population. State-wise number of colleges and the density are shown in Table 4.
Most of the Colleges run only Under Graduate
level programmes. Only 2.7% of Colleges run Ph.D.
level programmes and 35.04% of colleges run Post
Graduate Level programmes.
College density, i.e., the number of colleges per lakh eligible population (population in
the age-group 18-23 years) varies from 7 in Bihar to 59 in Karnataka as compared to All
India average of 30. The top 7 states in terms of highest number of Colleges in India are
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Madhya
Pradesh which have 27 and more Colleges per lakh population.
60.56% Colleges
are located in Rural Area
10.75% Colleges are
exclusively for Girls
There are 32.6% Colleges,
which run only single
programme, out of which 84.1%
are privately managed. Among
these, 37.4% colleges run B.Ed.
Courses only.

11 AISHE 2019-20
2.1.2 (a) Management-wise number of Colleges
Majority of the Colleges (78.6%) in the country, are privately managed; 65.2%
are private unaided & 13.4% are Private aided; and the remaining 21.4% are Government
Colleges. There are wide variations among states in number of private colleges. State
wise, Management wise distribution of Colleges is shown in Table 5 and Management wise
Enrolment in Private and Government colleges is shown in Table 5(a).
Among the major States,
In Andhra Pradesh Private-
unaided colleges constitutes
about 81%, followed by
Telangana 80%, Uttar
Pradesh 78.5%, Tamil Nadu
has 77.6% Private-unaided
colleges.
2.1.2 (b) Size of Colleges
Majority of colleges are smaller in terms of enrolment. 16.6% of the Colleges are
having enrolment less than 100 and 48.9% of the colleges have student strength 100 to 500
which means 65.5% of the colleges enroll less than 500 students. Only 4% Colleges have
enrolment more than 3000.
Box 8: Cumulative Number of Colleges
in Different Range of Enrolment
(Including colleges pooled)
College
Enrolment
Number
of
Colleges
Cumulative
%
0-50 2795 7.0
50-100 3821 16.6
100-200 8032 36.7
200-500 11506 65.5
500-1000 6520 81.8
1000-2000 4138 92.1
2000-3000 1553 96.0
>3000 1590 100.0

12
AISHE 2019-20
2.1.3 Stand Alone Institutions
Stand Alone Institutions are categorised into 7 categories as described below:
Type I- Diploma Level Technical Institutes such as Polytechnics, which are generally recognised
by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and administered by State Directorate of
Technical Education.
Type II- Diploma Level Teacher Training Institutes including District Institute of Education and
Training (DIETs) recognised by National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) and generally
administered by State Council for Education Research and Training (SCERT).
Type III- Diploma Level Nursing Institutes recognised by Indian Nursing Council (INC) and
generally administered by State Nursing Council/Boards.
Type IV- PGDM (Post Graduate Diploma in Management) Institutes recognised by AICTE
Type V- Institutes directly under the control of various Central Ministries
Type VI- Paramedical Institutes
Type VII- Hotel Management & Catering Institutes
Number of Stand-alone institutions varied widely across the States including their
degree of response. Out of 11779 Stand-alone Institutions, 9599 (including pooled data
from 2017-18 to 2018-19) have uploaded the data during 2019-20 survey. Type wise details
are as under
In Gujarat and Chhattisgarh polytechnics have been affiliated with the
University and therefore they have not been counted as Stand-alone Institutions.
The Polytechnics in these 2 States have been included in the Colleges.
Stand-alone Institutions are mainly run by Private sector (76.2%); Private unaided –
67.1% and Private aided – 9.1%. Only 23.8% Institutions are in Government sector. 56.1%
Institutions are located in Rural Area.
Box 9: Type wise registered Standalone Institutions and their response
Technical
Teacher
Training
Nursing
PGDM
Institutes
Institutes
under
Ministries
Paramedical
Hotel Mgmt.
& Catering
Total 3805 3849 3264 321 108 388 44
Form
Uploaded
3451 3041 2723 188 58 109 29

13 AISHE 2019-20
2.2 STUDENT ENROLMENT
2.2.1 Level-wise Enrolment
Total Student enrolment
has been classified in 8 levels
viz – Ph.D., M.Phil., Post
Graduate, Under Graduate, PG
Diploma, Diploma, Certificate
and Integrated. Percentage
share of student enrolment in
these levels are shown in Figure
6. State-wise and level-wise
estimated student enrolment is
given in Table 6. State-wise student enrolment through regular mode at various levels is given
in Table 6 (a).
The highest number of students are enrolled at Under Graduate level across India.
Similar situation could be observed in States/UTs. Out of the total enrolment of 3,85,36,359
students, a vast majority of 3.06 crore students are enrolled in Under Graduate that is a approx.
79.5% of the total enrolment. On the other hand, second to Under Graduate, 11.2% students
are enrolled in Post-Graduation which is approximately 43.1 lakh students. There are 2,881
studentsenrolledinIntegratedPh.D.inadditionto2.02lakhstudentsenrolledatPh.D.Level.There
is a small share of 6.9% students enrolled at Diploma level in India that amounts to
around 26.73 lakh students and out of this majority of students are enrolled in Teacher Training,

14
AISHE 2019-20
Nursing and Technical streams. However, a small share of 1.59 lakh and 2.17 lakh students
are enrolled each at Certificate and PG Diploma levels, respectively, constituting approx.
0.4% and 0.6% of the total share at each level. In terms of state-share of enrolment,
Maharashtra tops in the enrolment of students in
Universities (including constituent units) with 9,67,034.
This is followed by Tamil Nadu with 9,26,490 students and
Delhi with 8,16,110 students. State wise enrolment in
responding University Teaching Departments along with
its constituent Units and off campus Centers are given
in Table 7. State-wise enrolment in responding Colleges
and Stand-Alone institutions are given Table 8 and Table 9, respectively. As indicated in
Chapter 3, enrolment estimation has been done only for Under Graduate and Post Graduate
level in Colleges and for which State-wise details is given in Table 10.
2.2.2 Programme-wise Enrolment (Based on Actual Response)
As regards to Programmes, out of total, 10 programmes having relatively higher
enrolment were studied to see the student’s concentration. Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) has
96.55 lakh students enrolled in it which is the highest enrolment. The percentage share of
students enrolled in B.A programme is 47.1% for male and 52.9% for female. Bachelor of
Science (B.Sc.) has 47.07 lakh students enrolled in total and out of them 47.7% are male
students and 52.3% are female students. There are 41.6 lakh students enrolled in B.Com.
and out of them 51.2% are male and 48.8% are female. B.Tech. has 21.48 lakh enrolled
students out of which 71.5% are male whereas the percentage of female is 28.5%. Bachelor
of Engineering (B.E.) has 14.9 lakh students enrolled out of which 71% students are from
male category. Master of Arts (M.A.) has 16.02 lakh total number of students enrolled with
62.3% female students. B.A. (Hons) has 17.7 lakh students with 43.8% male and 56.2%
female students. B.Ed. has total number of 13.7 lakh students and out of them 66% are
female. M.Sc. has total number of 7.84 lakh students with 37.5% male and 62.5% female.
MBA has total number of 6.09 lakh students with 57.4% male students. B.Sc. (Hons.) has
total number of 6.40 lakh students with 54.8% male students. Programme-wise enrolment
on the basis of actual response is given in Table 11.
2.2.3 Discipline/Subject-wise Enrolment (Based on Actual Response)
The total enrolment at Undergraduate Level in major discipline/subject based
on actual response is given in Table 12. The highest number of students are enrolled
10 Programmes cover
more than 79% of the
total students enrolled in
higher education

15 AISHE 2019-20
in Arts courses. The total
number of students enrolled
in Arts courses are 96.56
lakh out of which 47.1 % are
male and 52.9% are female.
Science is second major stream
with 47.55 lakh student out
of which 48.3% are male and
51.7% are female. Commerce
is third major stream with 41.6
lakh students enrolled. The
share of male students enrolled in Commerce is 51.2% whereas female enrolment is 48.8%.
Engineering and Technology is the fourth major steam with 37.27 lakh student enrolment.
The share of male student enrolled in Engineering and Technology is 70.8% where as female
enrolment is 29.2%. This stream has 17 sub streams like Electronics Engineering, Computer
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, etc. The top 5 sub streams are
Computer Engineering with 9.3 lakh students, Mechanical Engineering with 6.8 lakh students,
Electronics Engineering with 6.1 lakh students, Civil Engineering with 4.8 lakh students and
Electrical Engineering with 3.7 lakh students enrolled. In Information technology/ Computer
Application stream, there are 7.67 lakh students enrolled. Medical Science stream shows a
different picture with higher number of female students, where in out of total 13.5 lakh
students, female students are 8.04 lakh. Management stream has 7.13 lakh students with 4.46
lakh male students. The students enrolled in Law stream are 4.32 lakh out of which 2.87 lakh
are male.
At Ph.D. level, maximum number of students are enrolled in Engineering and Technology
stream followed by Science. On the other hand, at Post Graduate (PG) level, maximum students
are enrolled in Social Science stream and Management stream comes at number two. As
regard to gender distribution, it is seen that among major sectors, Agriculture, Engineering,
Law and Physical Education sectors have lowest female participation. Enrolment in major
discipline/ subject at Ph.D., M.Phil. and PG level based on actual response is given in Table 13.
The total number of Ph.D. students in Agriculture and Allied courses is 7292 out of which
54.9% are male students. The stream is divided into 4 sub-streams which are Agriculture,
Horticulture, Forestry and Sericulture. At PG level, there are 30222 students enrolled in
Agriculture and Allied sector with 61.9% male and 38.1% female students.

16
AISHE 2019-20
Commerce stream has 6544 students enrolled for Ph.D. with 43.6% male students and
for PG level, 4.76 lakh students are enrolled with 63.3% female students. IT and Computer
Science have total number of 3512 students enrolled for Ph.D. with 46.4% male students and
at PG level, total number of student enrolled is 1.97 lakh with 51.2% male students.
Engineering and Technology stream is divided into 19 sub-streams with total number of
52478 students enrolled for Ph.D. and 1.77 lakh students at PG level. Computer Engineering
has highest number of 7682 students enrolled for Ph.D. with 57.7% male students. Mechanical
Engineering is the second highest having 6714 students with 91.2% male students. At PG level
also, Civil Engineering has highest number of 35994 students with 70.6% male students.
There are 5023 students enrolled in Ph.D. in foreign languages. Foreign language stream
is divided into 5 sub streams and English is at the top of the list. There are 4068 students
enrolled in Ph.D. in English with 35% male students and 65% female students. French
language has total number of 103 students enrolled in Ph.D., out of which 67% are female.
At PG level, there are total 2,03,633 students enrolled in foreign language courses. Out of this
1,97,631students are enrolled in English language with 68.5% female students.
There are 9095 students enrolled in Ph.D. in Indian languages which is divided into 11
sub-streams. The highest number of students are enrolled in Hindi language which is 3150 with
46.9% male students and 53.1% female students. Sanskrit has the second highest number of
students. There are 1155 students enrolled in Sanskrit for Ph.D. with 53.7% male and 46.3%
female. Altogether, at PG level, there are 3.01 lakh students enrolled in Indian languages out
of which 67.8% lakh are female and 32.2 lakh are male. Hindi with 1,32,426 students has the
highest number of students enrolled at PG level. Out of that 68.9% are female and rest are
male. Bengali has 21133 students at PG level with 75.8% female students. Urdu has 19552
students enrolled at PG level with 65.5% female. Sanskrit has total number of 22179 students
with 67.4% female at PG level.
Medical Science has total number of 9330 Ph.D. students which is divided into
48 sub-streams. The highest number of Ph.D. students are enrolled in Pharmacy with
3536 students having 1870 male and 1666 female. Ayurveda has total number of 361
students enrolled at Ph.D. level with 178 male and 183 female. Dentistry has 507
students; General medicine has 153 students and Nursing has 665 students enrolled
at Ph.D. level. The number of total students at PG level in medical science is 203964

17 AISHE 2019-20
with 44.5% male students. Pharmacy has the highest number of students at PG level which
is 67715 with 41.3% male students. Other major sub-streams in Medical Science at PG level
are Dentistry which has 15,900 students, Nursing has 14969 students and General Medicine
has 11,111 students.
Science stream has 50936 students enrolled for Ph.D. which is divided into 18 sub-
streams such as Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, and Zoology etc. Chemistry has the highest
number of Ph.D. students which is 9526 with 5554 male and 3972 female. Physics has total
number of 7439 students at Ph.D. level with 4632 male and 2807 female. There is total number
of 5284 students enrolled in Mathematics for Ph.D. out of which 2924 are male. Botany has
2888 students, Zoology has 2756 students, and Bio-Science has 2019 students enrolled for
Ph.D. At PG level there are 6.55 lakh students enrolled in Science courses which are divided
into 18 sub-streams. There are 143116 students enrolled in Mathematics which is the highest
among all the science streams. Out of the total, 63.9% are female students. Chemistry has
enrolment of 136807 students at PG level with 42.4% male students. Physics has 76382
students and Zoology has 59045 students enrolled at PG level with 72.6% female and 27.4%
male respectively. Mathematics has higher number of female students.
Social Science stream has total number of 19965 students enrolled for Ph.D. which is
divided into 13 sub-streams. Out of this, Economics has the highest number of students enrolled
in Ph.D. which is 3216 with 1675 male and 1541 female students followed by History which
has 3112 students. Political Science has total number of 2378 students enrolled in Ph.D. with
1340 male students and 1038 female students. Sociology has total number of 1901 students
enrolled in Ph.D. with 886 male and 1015 female. Apart from these, Philosophy has 1105
students, Geography has 1425 students, Public Administration has 303 students, Psychology
has 1359 students and Anthropology has 186 students enrolled for Ph.D. There are 7.89 lakh
students enrolled in Social Science stream at PG level. The highest number of students are
enrolled in Political Science at PG level which is 177074 with 45.1% male students. History,
Sociology and Economics have 139534, 136890 and 100377 students, respectively enrolled at
the PG level.
2.2.4 Gender Distribution
Taking a look at the Male-Female ratio at each level in Figure 8, it may be seen that
percentage share of male is higher than female in almost every level, except M.Phil.,
Post Graduate and Certificate. Student enrolment at Under Graduate level has 50.8%

18
AISHE 2019-20
male and 49.2% female. Diploma
has a skewed distribution with
65.1% male and 34.9% female.
Ph.D. level has 55% male and 45%
female. Integrated levels have
56.2% male and 43.8% female.
PG Diploma student enrolment
is 53.6% for male students and
46.4% for female students.
The relatively higher share
of male enrolment than female
enrolment of students is also seen
across the levels in the most of
the States. The top 6 States [as
highlighted in Figure 9] in terms
of highest total student enrolment
are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh and Karnataka. However,
in terms of total number of Institution the ranking of the States is slightly different with Uttar
Pradesh (8985) at the top followed by Maharashtra (6952), Karnataka (5806), Rajasthan
(4036), Andhra Pradesh (3634) and Tamil Nadu (3583). It is interesting to note that these 6
States with highest student enrolment constitute nearly 53.8% of the total student enrolment
in India. Rest of the 31 States (including UTs) have only 46.2% of the total student enrolment.
So inevitably, the female students in these 6 States are almost 53.7% of the total female
students enrolled and male students enrolled in these 6 States contributes to 54% of the total
male students across India.
Uttar Pradesh, with its highest student enrolment in India, has 49.1% male and 50.9%
female students. Maharashtra has the second highest student enrolment with 54.2% male
and 45.8% female. Thereafter, Tamil Nadu has 50.5% male and 49.5% female, Rajasthan
with 52.2% male and 47.8% female students. In Karnataka, percentage of female enrolled
is 50.2% whereas in Madhya Pradesh more male students are enrolled as compared to female
students.

19 AISHE 2019-20
2.2.5 Social Group-wise Distribution
The total estimated
student enrolment is 3,85,
36,359 out of which nearly
51% are male and rest 49%
are female students. State-wise
and Social Groups estimated
enrolment is given in Table 14.
SC student enrolment is 14.7%
of the total enrolment and the
male-female ratio is more or less similar to the all Social Groups. On the other hand, students
belonging to ST group constitute only 5.6% of the total student enrolment and male female
ratio is similar to all Social Group. 37% of the total students belong to OBC with 50.5% of male
OBC students.
2.2.6 Representation of Minority Students
Among Minority group, data on Muslims have been collected separately. According to
the response received during the survey, 5.5% students belong to Muslim Minority and 2.3%
are from other Minority Communities. Muslim Minority and other Minority communities has
more female students than male students. State-wise number of students from Minority and
PWD Group is shown in Table 15.
2.2.7 Representation of Persons with Disabilities (PWD) students
There are 92,831 PWD students
enrolled in higher education. Out of
which 47,830 are male and 45,001 are
female students. Social Groups wise
distribution of PWD student is shown
in Box 10. Female participation among
PWD students is highest in ST group
with 119 female per 100 male followed
by SC (78). State-wise number of
PWD student’s enrolment is given in
Table 15.
Box 10: Social Group-wise Distribution
of PWD students
Social Groups
% out of Total PWD Female
per
hundred
male
Male Female All
Total - - - 94
SC 9.5 9.3 9.4 78
ST 2.9 4.3 3.4 119
OBC 33.4 30.3 31.6 74

20
AISHE 2019-20
2.2.8 Representation of Foreign Students
The total number of
foreign national students
enrolled in India is 49,348.
Country-wise and level-wise
foreign students in responding
Institutions are given in Table 16.
The foreign students come from
168 different countries from all
across the globe. Highest share
of foreign students come from the neighboring countries of which Nepal contributes 28.1%
of the total, followed by Afghanistan 9.1%, Bangladesh 4.6% and Bhutan 3.8%. The top 10
countries in terms of number of students come from also includes Sudan (3.6%), U.S. (3.3%),
Nigeria (3.1%), Yemen (2.9%), Malaysia (2.7%), United Arab Emirates (2.7%). Except for U.S
and Malaysia, the number of male students coming from these top 10 countries were higher
than the number of female students.
The highest number of foreign students are enrolled in Undergraduate courses, that is,
74.3% of the total foreign students, followed by Post Graduate with about 16.6% enrolment.
Enrolment in rest of the levels constitutes 9.1% (Figure 12). Foreign male students are higher
in almost all the levels.
Looking at the State-wise distribution, it can be seen that Karnataka has the
highest number of students coming from foreign countries which is 10231. Apart
from Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh (5089), Punjab (4966), Maharashtra (4599), Tamil
Nadu (4461), Delhi (2345), Haryana (2321), Telangana (2261), Gujarat (2227) and

21 AISHE 2019-20
Andhra Pradesh (2094) reflects more than 2,000 foreign students. State-wise and level-wise
foreign students in responding Institutions are given in Table 17.
2.2.8 (a) Programme-wise Foreign Students
There are 16 programmes which have more than 1000 foreign students and
accounts for more than 80.3% of the foreign Students. Programme-wise number of foreign
students in responding Institutions is given in Table 18. On the top, we have B.Tech. with 9503
students with 83.8% male students, followed by B.Sc. having 3964 students with 62.1% male
students, B.B.A. having 3290 students with 68.9% male enrolment, B.E. having 2596 students
with 86.1% male enrolment. B.Pharma has 2451 students with 68% male students. B.A. has
total number of 2295 students with 52.9% female students. There are 1820 foreign students
enrolled in B.C.A., out of which 89.2% are male students. M.B.B.S. has total number of 1779
students with 58.9% female students. B.Sc. (Nursing) has total number of 1109 students out
of which 92.2% are female. Ph.D. has 1674 students out of which 78.2% are male. M.B.A. has
total number of 1707 students with 68.4% male students. At the Post Graduation level, 1448
students are enrolled at M.A. level with 60.2% male students. M.Sc. has reported enrolment
of 1620 students with 70.3% of male students. Bachelor of Dental Surgery B.D.S. has total
number of 651 students with 61.9% female students. Diploma programme has reported the
enrolment of 1508 foreign students with 87.5% male students. B.B.M. has total number of 189
students with 70.4% male students.
2.2.9 Enrolment in Distance Mode
Distance education has become a useful mode of obtaining degrees for a large
number of students who are staying in far off and remote areas and for whom accessing
universities on regular basis is still a dream. Distance enrolment constitute 11.1% of the total
enrolment in higher education, of which 44.5% are female students.

22
AISHE 2019-20
Level wise distribution of students
under distance mode is given in Box 11.
At all Levels, share of female students
is higher than male except Under
Graduate, PG Diploma and Certificate
course.
Looking at the State-wise
variation, out of the total reported
enrolled students pursuing studies
through distance education, 6 States
are providing education to around
60.5% of the students. These States
are Delhi 15.9%, Maharashtra 15.5%,
Tamil Nadu 12.5%, Andhra Pradesh 6.2%, Kerala 6% and West Bengal 4.4%.
Distance Mode is mainly conducted by universities and majority of the students (52.7%)
enrolled in Universities and their Constituent Units are studying under distance mode which
can be seen from the Box 12.
Box 12: Enrolment in Universities and
its constituent Units through Regular &
Distance mode
Level
Regular
enrolment
Distance
enrolment
Ph.D. 177775 101
M.Phil. 15805 69
Post Graduate 975105 1121446
Under Graduate 2304499 2917847
PG Diploma 48719 88966
Diploma 156098 120060
Certificate 26103 34746
Integrated 147342 3687
Total 3851446 4286922
At Post Graduate, Under Graduate, PG Diploma, Diploma, Certificate level share of distance
enrolment in university is 13.8%, 35.9%, 1.1%, 1.5% and 0.4% respectively.
Box 11: Level-wise Distribution of Distance Enrolment
Level
Distance Enrolment
Male Female Total
Ph.D. 44 57 101
M.Phil. 33 36 69
Post Graduate 504711 616735 1121446
Under
Graduate
1745438 1172409 2917847
PG Diploma 50863 38103 88966
Diploma 58916 61144 120060
Certificate 18795 15951 34746
Integrated 774 2913 3687
Total 2379574 1907348 4286922

23 AISHE 2019-20
2.2.10 Enrolment in Stand-alone Institutions
There are total number of 11,779 Stand-alone Institutions in India listed on AISHE
portal, distributed with high variations among States. Type-wise distribution is shown in the
Table 9. Out of 20,73,840 students enrolled in several courses at stand-alone institutions,
approximately 65.2% are male and 34.8% are female. Stand-alone Institutions are primarily
meant for providing Diploma programmes.
There are 3805 Polytechnics in India listed on AISHE portal and out of them 3451
reported the data during the survey. The highest number of Polytechnics are in Maharashtra
which is 746 and out of them 724 responded. There are 14.2 lakh students enrolled in
Polytechnics and out of them 81.2% are male students and the remaining female with a very
less participation of around 18.8%.
There are nine States which have total number of 11.53 lakh students in Polytechnics
which accounts for 81.2% of the total students enrolled in India in Polytechnics. These States
are Tamil Nadu with 3 lakh students, Maharashtra with 2.04 lakh students, Uttar Pradesh with
1.53 lakh students, Karnataka with 1.17 lakh students, West Bengal with 0.93 lakh students,
Odisha with 0.92 lakh students, Andhra Pradesh with 0.74 lakh, Telangana with 0.66 lakh and
Punjab 0.49 lakh students. Percentage share of male students enrolled in Polytechnic courses
in these top 9 States are 90.7% in Tamil Nadu, 69.7% in Maharashtra, 83.9% in Uttar Pradesh,
75% in Karnataka, 87.3% in West Bengal, 82.4% in Odisha, 76.6% in Andhra Pradesh, 69.8%
in Telangana and 83.2% in Punjab.
The total number of Nursing Institutions listed on AISHE portal is 3264
and out of them 2723 institutions responded with 83.4% response rate. The total
enrolment in nursing course is 3.07 lakh out of which approximately 85.4% are
female students and 14.6% are male students. Top 5 States namely Karnataka, Uttar
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal constitute 60.5% of the

24
AISHE 2019-20
students out of the total students enrolled in India for nursing. Karnataka has the highest number
of students enrolled in nursing courses with 55,338 students, followed by Uttar Pradesh with
54,933 students, Maharashtra with 37,111 students, Andhra Pradesh with 22,584 students and
West Bengal with 15,886. Percentage of female students enrolled in nursing course in Uttar
Pradesh is 85%, Karnataka 71.4%, Andhra Pradesh 94.1%, Maharashtra 90.4%, Telangana
95.4% and Assam 97.4%. Share of female students enrolled in nursing courses are approx.
100% in Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Puducherry, Sikkim.
The total number of Teacher Training institutions as listed on AISHE portal are 3849
and out of them only 3041 responded, which makes the response rate of 79%. The total
number of students enrolled in teacher training course is 2.49 lakh at all India level, out of
which approx. 36% are male and 64% are female students. The top 5 States covering around
55.4% of the total students enrolled for teacher training course are West Bengal with 37,817
students followed by Maharashtra with 32,620 students, Rajasthan with 23,434 students,
Andhra Pradesh with 23,421 students and Uttar Pradesh with 21,157 students. Most of the
States have relatively higher female enrolment share. Maharashtra has 79% female students,
Andhra Pradesh has 63.5% female students, Uttar Pradesh with 58.9% female students
and West Bengal has 51.5% female students. The percentage of female students at 79% in
Maharashtra is the highest in these top 5 States having highest enrolment of students in the
teacher training course.
2.2.11 Representation of Private Sector
There are more than 78.6% colleges running in Private sector; aided and unaided
taken together, but it caters only 66.3% of the total enrolment. State-wise enrolment in Private
and Government Colleges as per response is given in Table 5 (a).

25 AISHE 2019-20
2.3 GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO IN HIGHER EDUCATION (18-23 Years)
Estimated Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in Higher education in India is 27.1%, which is
calculated for 18-23 years of age group. For Scheduled Castes it is 23.4% and for Scheduled
Tribes it is 18.0%. State-wise GER and GPI are shown in Table 19 and Table 20 respectively.
GER for male population at all India level is 26.9% whereas for SC Male it is 22.8% and
18.2% for ST male. Similarly, GER for female population at all India level is 27.3% whereas for
SC female it is 24.1% and for ST female, it is 17.7%. The GER for female in all social group is
highest in Sikkim with 67.6%. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Delhi, Goa,
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala,
Maharashtra, Manipur, Punjab, Telangana and Uttarakhand also have GER of more than 30%
for female in all category.
For international comparability, GER has also been calculated taking 18-22 years Population
and it comes out to be 31.5% at All India Level.
Figure 19 (a) shows Gender
Parity Index (GPI) for All Groups,
SCs and STs. It may be seen that
Female participation in Higher
Education for All Groups is 101
per 100 male and for Scheduled
Casts (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes
(STs) it is 105 and 97 per 100
male respectively.

26
AISHE 2019-20
2.4 TEACHING POSITION
The detailed information about individual teachers have been obtained in a separate
Teacher Information Format (TIF). Information on new fields such as country name, date of
joining the institution and profession, qualification, etc. were collected in the TIF. The total
number of teachers giving the information through TIFs for the year 2019-20 are 15,03,156
as compared to total number of Teachers (14,16,299) for the year 2018-19.
Out of total no. of 15,03,156 teachers for 2019-20 about 57.5% are male teachers and
42.5% are female teachers. The lowest gender proportion is recorded in Bihar where female
to male teachers’ ratio is 1:4 which in percentage terms is 78.4% for male and only 21.6% for
female teachers. Jharkhand comes close second with 69.5% male teachers and 30.5% female
teachers. Uttar Pradesh has 31.9% female teachers of the total teachers in the State. A few
States like Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Delhi and Goa on the
other hand have more female teachers than male teachers.
At All-India level,
teachers belonging to
General group are more
than half, i.e., 56.5% of the
total number of teachers
in India; OBC follows with
32.1%; while SC and ST with
9.0% and 2.4% respectively
(Figure 20). About 5.6%
teachers come from Muslim
minority group, and 9.0%
are from other minority
groups. State-wise number
of teachers in various Socio-
religious group is given in
Table 21 (a) and 21(b). Out
of the 10 major States, the
leading 3 are Tamil Nadu
with 11.1% SCs and 0.3%
STs, Maharashtra with
11.6% SCs and 1.6% STs and Uttar Pradesh with 8.5% SCs and 0.2% STs, teachers.

27 AISHE 2019-20
As mentioned above, another
significant representation in terms
of gender distribution is the number
of female teachers per 100 male
teachers. At the all-India level
there are 74 female teachers per
100 male teachers. Similarly, in SC
group there are 58 female teachers
per 100 male teachers and in
case of ST and OBC, it is 72 and
69 female per 100 male teachers,
respectively. For Muslim minority, it is 58 female teachers per 100 male whereas for other
minority, there are 154 female per 100 male teachers. However, it is to be noted that female
representation of teachers belonging to Persons with Disabilities (PWD) group is low, that is
36 female per 100 male teachers.
Among various levels of posts, majority of teachers are of the level of Assistant Professor,
followed by Associate Professor. The distribution is shown in Figure 23 and the number of
female teachers per 100 male teachers at various levels of post is shown in Figure 24.
The state-wise number of teachers at various levels are given in Table 22. There are
14575 visiting teachers also; among them 55.6% are male.
The number of total teachers at
University level is around 2.14 lakh out
of which 62.9% are male and 37.1% are
female. At college level, the number of
teachers are 11.3 lakh with 56.4% male
teachers. In Stand-alone institutes, total
number of teachers is 1.57 lakh with 58%
male teachers. Looking at female per 100
male teachers, there are 59, 77 and 72
female teachers per 100 male teachers at
Universities, College and Stand-alone Institutions, respectively.

28
AISHE 2019-20
In different types of
Stand-alone Institutions,
the number of female
teachers per 100 male
teachers is varying
significantly as there are
only 47 female teachers
per 100 male teachers
in Technical/ Polytechnic
Institutions, 69 in Teacher Training, 62 in PGDM Institutions and 18 in Institutions under
Ministries which is the lowest. Contrast to this, nursing courses has 312 female teachers per
100 male teachers which is the highest among all the types as shown in figure 26.
2.4.1 Pupil Teacher Ratio
Taking into account all types of Institutions (University, Colleges and Stand-Alone
Institutions), Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at All India level comes out to be 26 [and 23 if only
regular enrolment is considered]. In case of University and its Colleges, PTR is 28 for regular
mode. It has been observed that,
PTR in University along with its
Constituent Unit is significantly
high at 18 in case of Regular
Mode. Looking at the State-wise
variation, it is seen that there are
large variations among the States. PTR is more than 50 in Bihar and Jharkhand. Among top
6 States in terms of Enrolment, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have the best PTR of 18 each, in
terms of regular mode in all institutions. State-wise details of PTR are given in Table 25.
2.5 NON-TEACHING STAFF
The non-teaching posts in
responding Institutions are 12,90,701
and are divided into four groups –A,
B, C and D. The share of Group-C is
the highest with 40%, while Group-D
stands second with 28%. Group-A
and Group-B comprise of 15% and
17% non-teaching posts, respectively
(Figure 27).
Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) in
Universities and Colleges is 28 in
Regular mode

29 AISHE 2019-20
Looking at the male and female
distribution among non-teaching posts
as in Figure 28, we have a picture similar
to that of teaching staff and student
enrolment in India as the total male non-
teaching staff is more than female staff,
which is 66.3% as compared to 33.7%
female staff.
In group-wise posts, the non-teaching staff have more male members in each group as
shown in Figure 28. There are 61.4% male and 38.6% female in Group A, while in Group B,
60.9% are male staff members and 39.1% female staff members. In Group D male share is at
70.8% as against 29.2% female, while in Group C there are 67.3% male staff.
In Bihar the male staff share is the highest with 83% and only 17% female, while Uttar
Pradesh also have a higher share of male staff with 77.9% and 22.1% female. West Bengal
comes third with 76.8% male and 23.2% female staff. This same picture is reflected in the
group-wise break up non-teaching Staff. State-wise number of non-teaching staff in different
groups in responding Institutions is given in Table 23.
In regard to social group, 52.8%
non-teaching staffs are from General
Category, 28.3% are from OBC, 14.3%
from Scheduled Caste and 4.5% are from
Scheduled Tribe. State-wise number
of non-teaching staff in different social
group given in Table 24.
The average number of female
per 100 male non-teaching staff is
approximately 51. The highest number of
female per 100 male non-teaching staff
is 85 from Other Minority communities
and Muslims have the lowest number of
female per 100 male non-teaching staff
with 36 female. SC has 58, ST has 60,
OBC has 50 and PWD has 41 female as
compared to 51 General group female, per 100 male non-teaching staff.

30
AISHE 2019-20
2.6 OUT-TURN/EXAMINATION RESULT
2.6.1 Level-wise Out-Turn (Based on Actual Response)
Percentage share of student Out-Turn
in different levels are shown in Figure 31.
State-wise and Level-wise Out-Turn is given
in Table 33. As per the response received
in the survey total number of students
awarded Ph.D. level degree during 2019 is
38986 with 21577 male and 17409 female.
Tamil Nadu has maximum number (5324)
of Students who were awarded Ph.D. level
degree followed by Assam (3738) and Karnataka (3350) and Uttar Pradesh (3315). 66.5 lakh
Students have been passed Under Graduate and 15.8 lakh students passed Post-Graduate
level during 2019.
2.6.2 Programme-wise Out-Turn (Based on Actual Response)
B.A. degree has been awarded to 20.3 lakh students which is the highest among all
Programmes with the percentage of male as 42.9%. B.Sc. is the second highest with 10.7
lakh students followed by B.Com. (9.33 lakh). B.Ed., B.Tech. Degree and B.E. are awarded to
6 lakh, 4.4 lakh and 3.6 lakh students, respectively. 47585 students have been awarded with
M.B.B.S. degree and out of which 25021 are female. At Post Graduate level number of M.A.
pass students is maximum (5.9 lakh) followed by M.Sc. (3.1 lakhs) and M.B.A. (2.2 lakhs).
About 54498 and 14617 students have been awarded M.Tech. and M.E. degree in which share
of male students is more than 62.6% and 51%, respectively. Programme-wise Out-Turn on
the basis of actual response is given in Table 34.
2.6.3 Discipline-wise Out-Turn (Based on Actual Response)
The total number of pass-outs
during 2019-20 at Undergraduate
Level in major discipline/subject based
on actual response is given in Table
35. The highest number of students
have graduated in Arts courses. The
total number of students passed-out
in this are 20.3 lakh out of which 42%
are male and 58% are female.

31 AISHE 2019-20
Science is second major stream with 10.8 lakh students passed-out followed by Commerce
with 9.3 lakh students. 8.2 lakh students have been passed under graduate in Engineering and
Technology. In Medical Science stream, there are 2.38 lakh students who have been awarded
Under Graduate degree.
At Ph.D. level, maximum number of students out-turn is in Science stream (9129) followed
by Engineering & Technology (6001). On the other hand at PG level maximum students out-
turn is observed in Social Science (2.67 lakh) and Science comes at number two with 2.5 lakhs
students. In Engineering and Technology and Medical Science stream out-turn are 71503
and 57304 students, respectively. It is interesting to note here that at Under Graduate
level ratio between these two streams is 4:1 whereas at PG level it becomes approx. 1:1.
Enrolment in major discipline/subject at Ph.D., M.Phil. and PG level based on actual response
is given in Table 36.
2.7 ENROLMENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF UNIVERSITIES
There are 11 types of Universities and the Level-wise enrolment in each type of
university, teaching departments and constituent universities/off-campus centres are given
in Table 26. Total numbers of students enrolled is 81.38 lakhs Number of Under Graduate
students is largest (1397527) in State Public Universities followed by State Open Universities
(922944). Number of female students is lowest for Institutes under State Private Open
University (2499) followed by Institutes under State Legislature Act (3702) whereas the
share is highest in State Public Universities. Share of female students is lowest for Institutes
of National Importance (24.7%) followed by Deemed Universities Government (33.4%) and
State Private Universities (34.7%), whereas the share of female students for Institutes under
State Legislative Act is 61.2%. Share of female students in State Public Universities is 50.1%
and in Central Universities it is 48.1%.

32
AISHE 2019-20
Level-wise enrolment in affiliated and constituent colleges of Central and State Universities
are given in Table 26B. Social Group-wise enrolment in various types of Universities is given
in Table 27. In Table 28, enrolment of PWD and minority communities in various types of
Universities are given. There are wide variations in representations of different categories
in various types of Universities. There are 2.14 lakh teachers in various types of University/
Teaching departments and their constituent units/off-campus universities, out of them 0.79
lakh are female.
Table 39 shows the State-wise enrolment in different type of University
Teaching departments and their constituent units/off-campus universities, which is

33 AISHE 2019-20
around 81.38 lakh with contribution of male as 46.2 lakh (56.7%) and female with
35.2 lakh (43.3%).
2.8 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INSTITUTION
Box 13 shows the percentage of higher education institutions having various type of
infrastructure such as Playground, Library, Laboratory, Conference Hall, etc. available with them.
89% of Universities, 92% of Colleges and 91% of Stand-alone Institutions are maintaining
playground. 94% of Universities, 98% Colleges and 98% Stand-alone Institutions have
library facility. Percentage of University, College and Stand-alone Institutions having laboratory
are 85%, 82% and 93%, respectively. In addition to this, Health Center, Computer Center,
Auditorium, Conference Hall etc. are also in place with most of the Universities, Colleges and
Stand-alone Institutions.
Box 13: Percentage of Institutions having various Infrastructure
Infrastructure University College Stand Alone
Playgrounds 89 92 91
Auditoriums 82 62 67
Theatres 49 21 21
Libraries 94 98 98
Laboratories 85 82 93
Conference Halls 94 79 81
Health Centers 78 46 53
Gymnasium Fitness Centers 77 40 34
Indoor Stadiums 52 34 34
Common Rooms 87 91 92
Computer Centers 81 86 92
Cafeteria 88 58 63
Guest Houses 84 42 47
Separate Rooms for Girls 81 86 85
Solar Power Generation 62 34 34
Connectivity NKN 55 23 23
Connectivity NMEICT 40 22 22
Campus Friendly 82 60 59
Grievance Redressal Mechanism 87 60 61
Vigilance Cell 70 52 54
Opportunity Cell 68 52 49
Separate Toilet for Disabled Female 69 55 54
Ramp Attached to Classroom Library 74 50 54
Sexual Harassment Anti Ragging Cell 88 71 70
Counselors for Students 80 65 68
Clinic First Aid Room 83 67 75
Separate Toilet for Girls 94 87 86
Skill Development Centre 66 53 54
Self Defence Class for Female 50 46 44
Institution Disaster Management Facilities 69 53 56

34
AISHE 2019-20
2.9 ENROLMENT IN PROFESSIONAL COURSES
Professional education is defined as higher educational programmes that are designed for
learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific for a particular occupation
or grade or class of occupations or trades. Exhaustive lists of Fields of Education are listed
in Indian Standard Classification of Education (InSCED) published by Ministry of Education,
which are categorized on the basis of academic and professional orientation. Management
wise distribution of enrolment into academic and professional education at Post Graduate and
Under Graduate levels are shown in Box 14. Enrolment in courses at integrated level have also
been included at appropriate levels and is not considered separately.
Enrolment in Professional courses is more in Private Institutions than in Government both
at Under Graduate and Post Graduate levels. The share of enrolment in Professional courses
is higher at Post Graduate level than at Under Graduate level; in Private Institutions the share
is much higher as shown below in the Figure 37 and Figure 38.
Box 14: Enrolment in Professional Courses
Level Management
Academic Professional
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Under
Graduate
Government 5230007 5305832 10535839 943885 648451 1592336
Government-Aided 2130852 2522181 4653033 316463 267341 583804
Private 3104669 3348370 6453039 3334039 2392963 5727002
Post Graduate
Government 767162 1168799 1935961 257039 191849 448888
Government-Aided 155677 321627 477304 32855 34845 67700
Private 201277 345859 547136 416906 350462 767368

35 AISHE 2019-20
Female participation in professional courses is lower in comparison to academic courses
at both Under Graduate and Post Graduate levels. The percentage distribution of enrolment
by management type of institutions for both academic and professional courses are given in
Figure 39.

37 AISHE 2019-20
College means any Institution, whether known as such or by any other name
which provides for a course of study for obtaining any qualification from a university
and which, in accordance with the rules and regulations of such university, is
recognised as competent to provide for such course of study and present students
undergoing such course of study for the examination for the award of such
qualification. These are the institutions established or maintained by or admitted to
the privileges of the University.
Colleges are generally of two types:
(i) University/Constituent College maintained by the University
(ii) Affiliated College
The information in AISHE was collected from all institutions of higher education,
broadly categorised in three categories namely University, College and stand-alone
Institution that are registered on AISHE portal. Actual response was received from 95.2%,
90.0% and 73.3% of these categories, respectively. The data so collected are pooled for
estimation by including last two years (2017-18 to 2018-19) data of Institutions of Higher
Education that did not upload data in 2019-20 survey. While pooling it was ensured that
the institutions are existing in 2019-20. After pooling, the percentage of data uploading for
University, Colleges and stand-alone institutions was arrived at 97.7%, 94.4% and 81.5%,
respectively for the year 2019-20.
The most important and phenomenal task for the survey during 2014-15 was to
compile the list of Colleges. There are numerous players in this field, which were not easily
identifiable. An exhaustive list of colleges in the country was not available and therefore
university was identified as best source to prepare the list of colleges. Thus, College list
was dynamically generated through University during 2010-11. Software was designed in
such a manner that as soon as the university uploads its form on the server, college list
was automatically populated in the data-base. All the affiliating University except the 7
have uploaded the data in year 2010-2011 and therefore almost complete list of colleges
were available. During 2011-12 and onwards all the remaining affiliating Universities
were also contacted and comprehensive list of colleges are prepared through Institution
Management Module of the portal. Presently, in order to update the college list, request
for addition of colleges (new/remaining) is received from the concerned officer and added
in AISHE college list based on approval of UNO/SNO.
CHAPTER 3 – ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY
37 AISHE 2019-20

38
AISHE 2019-20
The data for Universities, Colleges and stand-alone institutions are collected online
through dynamically generated specially designed software. All the Universities/University level
institutions except the 50 universities out of 1043 have uploaded the data in the year 2019-20.
During 2011-12 and onwards all the affiliating Universities were contacted and comprehensive
list of colleges was prepared through Institution Management Module of the portal. Presently,
in order to update the college list, request for addition of colleges is received online through
AISHE portal and based on approval from UNO/SNO, colleges are added in college list of
AISHE.
In addition to the Affiliated and
Constituent colleges, for Off-Campus
Centres/ PG Centres and for Recognised
Centres of Universities, DCF-II (the
format in which the data was required to
be submitted) was available to be filled-in.
All the Constituent Colleges, the Affiliated
Colleges and the Off-Campus Centres
were required to fill DCF-II. Constituent
units of University, primarily of Private and
Deemed Universities, which are integral
part of University, have also been listed by
these Universities as Constituent College.
However, DCF-II for such units were
not required to be filled. For Recognised
Centres, in normal cases, DCF-II has not
been filled, but in a few cases where these
are independent institutions, DCF-II has
been filled.
Thus, there are four types of College/Institution, for which DCF-II have been filled:
1. Affiliated College
2. Constituent College
3. PG and off-campus Centre
4. Recognised Centre
Off-Campus Centre/ PG Centre is a
centre of the University established by it,
outside the main campus (within or outside
the state) operated and maintained as its
constituent unit, having the University’s
compliment of facilities, faculty and staff. A
Recognised Centre is an institution attached
with the University for the purpose of
awarding degree in respect of programmes
being run in these institutions. e.g., Army
Cadet College Wing, Indian Military Academy,
Dehradun is not affiliated with any University
but the degree in respect of Programmes run
in the institute are awarded by Jawaharlal
Nehru University.

39 AISHE 2019-20
Enrolment for Graduate and Postgraduate has been estimated only for affiliated colleges
based on stratified sampling technique. Post-Stratification has been done, after the survey for
the year 2019-20 is closed.
Affiliated Colleges have been divided into two strata; one is Large College and other
Small College. Large Colleges are those, which have enrolment of 3000 or more and the
remaining are Small Colleges. In absence of a priori information, it has been assumed that all
large colleges have uploaded the data i.e., in the population the number of large colleges is
equal to the number of such colleges that have uploaded DCF-II. Thus, we have avoided over
estimation of enrolment of colleges. Average enrolment at a particular Level for the colleges
of a particular University has been taken to estimate the enrolment of all colleges of that
University. The Estimation formula is given at Annexure-6.

41 AISHE 2019-20
4.1 Growth in Number of Higher Educational Institutions
The number of universities and similar institutions listed on AISHE portal has increased
from 799 in 2015-16 to 1043 in 2019-20 by almost 30.5% as shown in figure 40. Whereas
the number of colleges has increased from 39,071 in 2015-16 to 42,343 in 2019-20 by about
8.4% as shown in figure 41.
CHAPTER 4 – TIME SERIES DATA ANALYSIS
Evidently, the increase in State Private Universities and Institutes of National Importance
are very high as shown below in Box 15 and depicted in figure 42.
Box 15: Number of Major Universities in Last 5 years
Major University Type Number of University
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
State Public University 329 345 351 371 386
State Private University 197 233 262 304 327
Deemed University-Private 79 79 80 80 80
Institute of National Importance 75 100 101 127 135
Central University 43 44 45 46 48
Deemed University-Government 32 33 33 34 36
41 AISHE 2019-20

42
AISHE 2019-20
In larger states such as Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and West Bengal
very few Universities have come up during the period 2019-20 as compared to previous year
(Figure 43).
State-wise number of Universities during the last 5 years are shown in Table 40 and by
type of University in Table 41.
The state-wise time series data on college density, average enrolment per college
and number of colleges are given in Table 42. College Density in major States and Average
Enrolment per College in major states are shown in the figures 44 and 45 below.

43 AISHE 2019-20
4.2 Growth in Student Enrolment
The enrolment has grown considerably during the last 5 years, which has increased from
3,45,84,781 in 2015-16 to 3,85,36,359 in 2019-20. The overall growth is 11.4%. The growth
in enrolment is shown in the figure 46.
Enrolment at all the levels has increased over the years. The Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) is 1.8 during the last 5 years, but in case of integrated courses, the CAGR is 11.2
as shown in Box 16.

44
AISHE 2019-20
Box 16: Level-wise Enrolment and its Compound Annual Growth Rate
Student Enrolment
Year Ph.D. M.Phil.
Post
Graduate
Under
Graduate
PG
Diploma
Diploma Certificate Integrated
Grand
Total
2015-16 126451 42523 3917156 27420450 229559 2549160 144060 155422 34584781
2016-17 141037 43267 4007570 28348197 213051 2612209 166617 173957 35705905
2017-18 161412 34109 4114310 29016350 235263 2707934 177223 195777 36642378
2018-19 169170 30692 4042522 29829075 224711 2699395 162697 241126 37399388
2019-20 202550 23934 4312535 30647287 217249 2672562 159869 300373 38536359
CAGR 8.5 -8.1 12.2 19.1 -7.6 9.4 5.9 9.8 19.9
State-wise Student Enrolment at various levels during last 5 years are given in detail in
Table 43. State-wise Student Enrolment through regular mode of education at various levels
during last 5 years is given in Table 44. The growth in female enrolment is more as compared
to male enrolment.
Per 100 male students, number of female students has increased from 86 in 2015-16 to
96 in 2019-20. Gender-wise enrolment is depicted in the figure 47.
State-wise Social group-wise Student Enrolment during last 5 years is given in Table 45,
and State-wise Enrolment during last 5 years for Muslim, Other Minority and PWD is given
in Table 46. Enrolment of Muslim students and student from other minority communities like
Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jain and Zorastrians (Parsis) have increased over the years as
depicted in figures 48 and 49.

45 AISHE 2019-20
Enrolment in various types of universities including enrolment in their constituent units
has also increased over the years. The increase is quite high in Central Open University,
Private University and State Open Universities as shown in the figure 50.

46
AISHE 2019-20
Number of female per hundred male students in various types of universities have also
increased significantly in Deemed University Private, Deemed University Govt., and Deemed
Universities (Government Aided) as shown in figure 51.
The enrolments in University & its Constituent Units at Ph.D. and Integrated levels have
increased quite substantially in comparison to enrolment at Under Graduate and Post Graduate
levels as shown in figures 52 and 53. The enrolment at Ph.D. level has increased from 126451
in 2015-16 to 202550 in 2019-20, whereas the enrolment at integrated level has increased
from 155442 in 2015-16 to 300373 in 2019-20 during this period. Level-wise Enrolment by
University Type during last 5 years is given in Table 50.

47 AISHE 2019-20
4.3 Trend in Gross Enrolment Ratio
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) has increased during the last 5 years, from 24.5 in 2015-16
to 27.1 in 2019-20. The increase is more under SC category which has increased from 19.9 in
2015-15 to 23.4 in 2019-20. In case of ST category, the GER has increased from 14.2 to 18.0
during this period. In comparison to male, the increase in GER is higher for female. The Figures
54 and 55 depicts the growth in GER for social group and for the two genders, respectively.
Gross Enrolment Ratio during last 5 years is given in Table 47. GER varies considerably in
different States, although it has generally increased in all the States. Enrolment ratio for major
states as compare to All India has been shown in figure 56.

48
AISHE 2019-20
4.4 Trend in Gender Parity Index
There is an increase in Gender Parity Index (GPI) for all the social groups as shown in
the figure 57. It has increased during
the last 5 years, from 0.92 in 2015-
16 to 1.01 in 2019-20. For SC, GPI
has increased from 0.91 to 1.05 and
for ST; it has increased from 0.83 to
0.97 during the period. GPI has also
increased marginally across all the
States. State-wise and Social group-
wise Gender Parity Index during last
5 years is given in Table 48.

49 AISHE 2019-20
4.5 Trend in Pupil Teacher Ratio
Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) over the
years is shown in the Box 17. State-wise PTR
for All Institutions, University & Colleges and
University & its Constituent Units for the last
5 years taking the enrolment through Regular
Mode of education and through both Regular
& Distance mode are shown in Table 49. It
is pertinent to mention that PTR for the year
2016-17 and 2017-18, is showing declining trend which is mainly due to the fact that number
of teachers who were either not having Aadhar or were reluctant in providing their Aadhar
numbers in TIF, were not taken into account while calculating PTR, because such Teachers’
details/numbers could not be collected in AISHE for these two years.
4.6 Growth in Number of Teachers
The number of Teachers has grown from 15,18,813 in 2015-16 to 15,03,156 in 2019-20.
State-wise and Post-wise Number of Teachers during last 5 years are given in Table 51. At all
levels representation of total teachers has decreased from 2015-16 to 2019-20. The scenario
over the years is shown in figure 58.
Box 17: PTR for Regular Enrolment
Year
University &
Colleges
University & its
Constituent Units
2015-16 21 16
2016-17 25 19
2017-18 30 20
2018-19 29 18
2019-20 28 18

50
AISHE 2019-20
4.7 Trend in programme-wise enrolment at various levels
Enrolment in various programmes at Under Graduate level has increased over the years in
regular mode of education except in B.A. and B.Tech., where it has started showing a declining
trend recently. In figure 59 enrolments in important programmes at PG level has been shown.
The enrolment through regular mode of education in important programmes at Post
Graduate and Under Graduate levels for last 5 years are shown in Box 18 and Box 19 respectively.
Box 18: Enrolment in important programmes at Post Graduate Level in
Regular mode of Education
Year
M.A.-Master
of Arts
M.B.A.- Master
of Business
Administration
M. Com.-Master
of Commerce
M.Sc.-Master
of Science
M.Tech. -Master
of Technology
2015-16 878677 416325 271266 519159 257361
2016-17 865410 416490 275695 562896 160888
2017-18 901448 421509 288206 605682 142081
2018-19 899653 462853 321458 623114 135500
2019-20 945895 454459 332481 675217 170692

51 AISHE 2019-20
Box 19: Enrolment in important Programmes at Under Graduate Level
in Regular mode of Education
Programme 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
B.A.-Bachelor of Arts 9651891 9527060 9299437 9198205 9487704
B.Sc.-Bachelor of Science 4618172 4978564 5138250 5043732 5092515
B.Com.-Bachelor of Commerce 3422312 3484301 3548572 3571436 3666311
B.Tech.-Bachelor of Technology and
B.E.-Bachelor of Engineering
4203933 4085321 3940080 3770949 3644045
B.Ed.-Bachelor of Education 514518 810914 1014882 1175517 1316648
B.C.A.-Bachelor of Computer Applications 426229 415007 432382 446680 463625
B.B.A.-Bachelor of Business Administration 349667 383827 424785 476169 528740
L.L.B.-Bachelor of Law or Laws 300716 205402 338716 362493 395985
B.Pharm.-Bachelor of Pharmacy 195178 313776 225457 246358 293822
B.Sc. (Nursing)-Bachelor of Science in
Nursing
191612 218882 239485 255071 289280
M.B.B.S.-Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor
of Surgery
191040 211366 241601 267197 287776
Female participation is very high and has also increased sharply at M.A., M.Sc. and M. Com
levels during the last 5 years. However, female participation is still very low at undergraduate
courses like BCA, BBA, B.Tech / BE and LLB. Time series data on number of Female per
100 Male Students in important programmes at Post Graduate and Under Graduate Levels in
Regular mode of education is shown in the Box 20 and Female per 100 Students in Important
Programme at PG Level in Regular mode in Figure 60.

52
AISHE 2019-20
Box 20: Female per 100 Male Students in important Programmes at Under Graduate & Post
Graduate Level in Regular mode of Education
Programme 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
B.C.A.-Bachelor of Computer Applications 65 75 73 70 73
B.B.A.-Bachelor of Business Administration 76 66 67 67 68
B.Ed.-Bachelor of Education 197 203 200 207 215
B.Pharm.-Bachelor of Pharmacy 85 83 82 79 93
B.Sc. (Nursing)-Bachelor of Science
in Nursing
445 384 379 358 385
B.Tech.-Bachelor of Technology 38 39 38 40 42
L.L.B.-Bachelor of Law or Laws 44 47 47 49 53
M.B.B.S.-Bachelor of Medicine &
Bachelor of Surgery
97 99 101 106 110
M.A.-Master of Arts 165 169 173 180 190
M.B.A.- Master of Business Administration 61 62 70 75 76
M.Com.-Master of Commerce 148 158 168 179 186
M.Sc.-Master of Science 157 167 171 174 180
M.Tech. -Master of Technology 64 67 55 54 63
Box 21: Enrolment in important Programmes at Under Graduate Level
in Distance mode of Education
Programme 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
M.A.-Master of Arts 652216 708599 677641 613161 656154
M.B.A.- Master of Business Administration 132929 127275 156911 125980 155337
M.Com.-Master of Commerce 149447 171101 171093 128801 144284
M.Sc.-Master of Science 96367 113938 105507 74103 109459
Enrolment in major programmes through Distance mode of education at undergraduate
level is shown below in the Box 21. In general, there is an increase in enrolment through
distance mode of education at various levels during 2019-2020 compared to the previous year.

Higher Education in India

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