This document discusses conducting polymers. It describes two types of conducting polymers: intrinsically conducting polymers which have conjugation in their backbone providing conductivity, and extrinsically conducting polymers which require external ingredients like carbon black to become conductive. Doping can increase the conductivity of polymers by removing or inserting electrons. Conducting polymers have applications in anti-static coatings, corrosion inhibition, capacitors, smart windows, transistors, LEDs and solar cells. While manufacturing costs are high, conducting polymers could enable flexible transparent displays and be used in biomedical applications if issues like toxicity and processing are addressed.

1. CONDUCTING POLYMERS
JUSTIN K GEORGE
ME CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
15MCH003
GUIDE – Dr. KANHAIYA JETHANI
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
AISSMS COE PUNE -01

2. Contents
1. Types of Conducting Polymers
2. Intrinsically Conducting polymers
3. Extrinsically conducting polymers
4. Plot of conductivity Vs doping
5. Conductivity Vs Temperature
6. Various Applications
7. Advantages And Disadvantages
8. Current Visibility
9. Future Aspects
10. Conclusion
11. Reference
12. Questions

3. Types of Conducting Polymers

4. Intrinsically Conducting polymers
These polymers have extensive conjugation in the
backbone which is responsible for conductance.
Conducting Polymers Having Conjugation
• Such polymers contain conjugated pie-electrons in the
backbone which increases their conductivity to a large
extent.

6. Doped Conducting Polymers
The second condition is that the plastic has to be
disturbed - either by removing electrons from
(oxidation), or inserting them into (reduction), the
material.The process is known as DOPING.
There are two types of doping:
1-oxidation with Lewis Acid (called p-doping).
2-Reduction with Lewis Base (called n-doping).

7. 1-oxidation with Lewis Acid (or p-doping)

8. 2- Reduction with Lewis Base ( called n-doping)

9. Extrinsically conducting polymers
•The conductivity of these polymers is due to the addition of
external ingredients.
• When carbon black or some metal oxides or metallic fibers
are added, the polymer becomes conductive.
•The minimum concentration of the element required for the
conductivity is called percolation threshold.

10. Plot of conductivity vs doping
Conductivity increases up to a certain doping level
200
100
0.0 0.1 0.2
Doping level (dopant/CH unit)
Conductivity
(S/cm)

12. Conductivity Vs Temperature

13. Various Applications
Conducting polymers have many uses.
• Anti-static substances for photographic film
• Corrosion Inhibitors
• Compact Capacitors
• Anti Static Coating
• Electromagnetic shielding for computers
• "Smart Windows"
• A second generation of conducting polymers have been
developed these have industrial uses like:
• Transistors
• Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
• Lasers used in flat televisions
• Solar cells
• Displays in mobile telephones and mini-format television
screens

14. Advantages And Disadvantages
Advantages
 Used because of either their light weight, biological compatibility
 Increase speed and reduce power consumption
 We can make flexible transparent displays

15. Disadvantages
 Manufacturing costs is very high
 Material cost of conductive polymer is high
 Material of conductive polymer may become toxic after use
 Poor solubility in solvents and required suitable dispersion medium
 Conducting polymer have inability to directly melt process
 If we make IC by conductive polymer than the resulting IC are more
sensitive and can be easily damaged by static discharge at a very low
voltage

16. Current Visibility
 Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) And Organic Polymer Solar Cell
The Organic Electronics Association is an international platform to
promote applications of organic semiconductors
 Conductive polymer products with embedded and improved
electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD)
protection have led to both prototypes and products.
 Typical conductive polymers must be “doped” to produce high
conductivity.

17. Future Aspects
 If we can produce conductive polymer at very low cost then we can
reduce electrical energy wastage during energy transportation.
 The increased conductivity of modern conductive polymers means
enough power can be put through the device at low voltage to generate
practical amount of light.
 To make programmable floors for robotics and AGV’s (Auto Guided
Vehicles)
Due to the biocompatibility of some conducting polymers they may be
used to transport small electrical signals through the body, i.e. act as
artificial nerves.

18. Conclusion
• Conductive polymer or more precisely intrinsically conducting
polymer(ICPs) are polymer that conduct electricity
• Conducting polymers are unique as possible substitute for metallic
conductor and semiconductor.
• If we can produce conductive polymer at very low cost it will make a
tremendous changes in the electric field.
• It is able to use in electrical ,electronics and in medical fields.

19. Reference
1. Skotheim T.A., ed. Handbook of Conducting Polymers,Vol-1 & 2,
Marcell Dekker, New York (1986)
2. Chen C.Ku and Raimond Liepins, Electrical Properties of Polymers,
Hanser Publishers, New York
3. Bakhshi A.K, Tailoring electrically conducting polymers: An
overview,, Indian Journal of Chemistry 31A (1992),291
4. Bakhshi A.K, Investigation of Electronic Conduction in Proteins and
DNA, Progress in Biophysical Molecular Biology 61(1994),187
5. Ferraro J.R and J.M.Williams, Introduction to Synthetic Electrical
Conductors,Academic Press , New York (1987)
6. Bredas J.L and G.B.Street, Polarons and Bipolarons, Accounts of
Chemical Research 18(1985),309-315

20. Questions ?