Modal verbs review Past perfect

1. English class 21
Elementary level
Juan José Simón Pérez
learnenglishesol.weebly.com

2. MODAL VERBS
 Los verbos modales en inglés son:
Can,could, may, might, must, shall, should, will
and would.
 A veces, también se consideran modales ‘ought
to’ y ‘had better’.
 Los modales se utilizan para expresar:
a) Posibilidad
b) Abilidad
c) Permiso
d) Obligación

3. MODAL VERBS
AUXILIARES
MODALES
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Shall
Should
Will
Would
TO BE
TO DO
TO HAVE

4. MODAL VERBS
 Todos los modales siguen las mismas reglas:
 Necesitan un verbo principal para que las frases
tengan sentido.
He can play football very well.
 El verbo principal se coloca inmediatamente
después del modal, sin añadir TO ni –ING al final
del verbo principal.
We should come back now.

5. MODAL VERBS
 Todos los modales siguen las mismas reglas:
 No añaden la –S en la tercera persona del
singular.
She may not pass her exam.
 Para hacer preguntas se invierte el orden ‘Modal-
Sujeto’
We can study harder.
Can we study harder?

6. MODAL VERBS
 Funciones de los modales:
 POSIBILIDAD: can,could, may, might, will,
would.
 HABILIDAD: can, could.
 OBLIGACIÓN: must, shall, should.
 PEDIR PERMISO: can, could, may.

7. MODAL VERBS
 CAN = Poder. Se utiliza para indicar habilidad,
posibilidad y para pedir permiso para hacer algo.
I can swim. – You can’t smoke here! – Can I go to
the tiolet?
 COULD = pasado de poder. Podía / Podría. Se
utiliza para indicar habilidad en el pasado,
posibilidad en el pasado (o en situaciones
imaginarias), y para pedir algo.
Time ago I could go out twice a week. - You could
have come, instead to stay at home. – Could I
speak to Mr. Simon?

8. MODAL VERBS
 MAY = Puede que... Se utiliza para indicar
posibilidad, para pedir permiso o favores (en
interrogativa)
She may come later – May I go to the tiolet?
 MIGHT = en frases afirmativas se utiliza igual que
MAY pero might solo se utiliza para el futuro.
She might come later
 Might no se utiliza para pedir permiso.

9. MODAL VERBS
 SHOULD = Debería/s/mos... Se utiliza para indicar
obligación y sugerencias; es el pasado/condicional
de ‘Shall’(deber hacer).
She should buy a new car – Should I close the
window?
 SHALL= Se utiliza principalmente en preguntas
para la primera persona del singular y del plural. Se
usa para ofrecer y sugerir. Sinónimo de ‘Should en
presente y futuro.
Shall I shut the window? – Shall we go now?

10. MODAL VERBS
 WOULD = ...ía/s/mos… Se contrae con ‘d, la
negación es WOULDN’T (WOULD NOT) Es un
modal con varios usos:
1) Condicional: situaciones imaginarias o
condicionadas.
I’d like to work in this company.
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
2) Pasado: situaciones repetidas en el pasado.
Sinónimo de ‘used to…’
When he was a child, he’d walk to school.

11. MODAL VERBS
 Exercise. Write the most suitable modal verb
from the list: CAN, COULD, MAY, MUST, SHALL,
SHOULD, WOULD
1) I _____ go to study. Tomorrow I have an exam.
2) I _____ like to be rich.
3) _____ we go to the cinema?
4) They _____ not go outside. It ____ rain today.
5) ____ you like to sit here?
6) He’s getting fat. He ____ exercise more.
7) When I was a child I ____ play for hours.
8) You ____ not park here, it’s a restricted area.

12. MODAL VERBS
 Answers.
1) I MUST / SHOULD / SHALL go to study.
Tomorrow I have an exam.
2) I WOULD like to be rich.
3) SHALL / SHOULD we go to the cinema?
4) They SHOULD not go outside. It MAY rain today.
5) WOULD you like to sit here?
6) He’s getting fat. He SHOULD exercise more.
7) When I was a child I COULD play for hours.
8) You CAN not park here, it’s a restricted area.

13. PAST PERFECT
‘I had done’ es el Pasado Perfecto.
El Past Perfect se usa para hablar de un
tiempo anterior a un momento pasado que
utilizamos de referencia.
Yesterday it snowed, but before it hadn’t
snowed since last Winter.
Past PresentPast (reference)

14. PAST PERFECT
ESTRUCTURA:
En el presente perfecto todas las
‘personas’ son iguales: I had done, you had
done, he had done, we had done…
(+) Subject + had + past participle…
You had had a car even before having a
driving license!

15. PAST PERFECT
ESTRUCTURA:
(-) Subject + had not (hadn’t) + past
participle…
Last year he hadn’t come to visit us.
(?) (WH…) + had + subject + past parti…?
Had you already lost your wallet when I
saw you?

16. PAST PERFECT
Ejemplos:
I didn’t want to eat at the restaurant, I had
already eaten at home.
I hadn’t studied English until I went to
England.
Where had you lived before we met?
I had gone home before you arrived there.

17. PAST PERFECT
Exercise. Finish the paragraphs with the
words in brackets. Use past perfect.
1. Yesterday I went to the cinema. (I/ not/
see)____ that film until then.
2. I saw your brother. He was tired because
(he/run) _____ for two hours.
3. Last year I met a friend, who told me that
(he/ not/ get married) _____ yet.
4. Mark went to work abroad two years ago.
(he/ finish) _____his studies before?

18. PAST PERFECT
Exercise. Finish the paragraphs with the
words in brackets. Use past perfect.
5. Last week I got a new job. What a luck! (I/
be) ____ very anxious being unemployed.
6. (you/ study / English) ______ before
travelling to England?
7. I’ve had several phones, but the best was
the first one. (I/ have) ____ it for 5 years!
8. (I/ drive) _____a lot of cars before getting
my driving license.

19. PAST PERFECT
Answers:
1. Yesterday I went to the cinema. I HADN’T
SEEN that film until then.
2. I saw your brother. He was tired because
HE HAD RUN for two hours.
3. Last year I met a friend, who told me that
HE HADN’T GOT MARRIED yet.
4. Mark went to work abroad two years ago.
HAD HE FINISHED his studies before?

20. PAST PERFECT
Exercise. Finish the paragraphs with the
words in brackets. Use past perfect.
5. Last week I got a new job. What a luck! I
HAD BEEN very anxious being
unemployed.
6. HAD YOU STUDIED ENGLISH before
travelling to England?
7. I’ve had several phones, but the best was
the first one. I HAD HAD it for 5 years!
8. I HAD DRIVEN a lot of cars before getting
my driving license.

21. Thank you for your attention!