This document discusses four activities related to elements and compounds found in food: 1. The electrolysis of water to identify its components, hydrogen and oxygen. 2. Becoming familiar with the periodic table layout and information about elements. 3. Recognizing elements listed on food labels are sources from food ingredients which are compounds. 4. Recovering iron from a food product through an experiment. Elements are the building blocks that make up compounds and both are considered substances.

5. Activity 1 Water, “wat-er” you made of?
Objectives
In this activity, you should be able to:
1. carry out the electrolysis of water;
2. identify the components of water.
Science LM pp. 29-31

6. ELEMENTS
 A chemical element or element is a species of atoms having the same number
of protons in their atomic nuclei (i.e. the same atomic number, or Z). There are 118 elements
that have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24
being synthetic elements.
 There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have
exclusively radioactive isotopes, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most
abundant element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in
the Earth's crust.

7. PERIODIC TABLE
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered
by their atomic number (number of protons), electron configurations, and
recurring chemical properties. This ordering shows periodic trends, such as elements
with similar behaviour in the same column. It also shows four rectangular blocks with
some approximately similar chemical properties. In general, within one row (period)
the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right.

8. Activity 2 The periodic table: It’s element-ary!
Objectives
In this activity, you should be able to:
1. Be familiar with the layout of the periodic table;
2. Know some information about the elements that may be found in the periodic table; and
3. Identify the group number an element it belongs to.
Science LM pp. 33-35

9. There are many elements present in
the food you eat —whether it is raw like
banana or those processed like banana
chips, biscuits, milk, and juice. These are
mostly nutrients which the human body
needs in order to function well. Some of
these are calcium, magnesium, zinc,
and selenium.
The Nutrition Facts is a list of the
different nutrients provided by the food
product with their corresponding
percentage share on the daily
recommended dietary allowance

10. On the other hand, Ingredients give you a list of
the materials that have been added to make the
food product. These materials are the sources of the
nutrients. These are the ones that are taken in by the
body
Minerals are important for your body to stay
healthy. Your body uses minerals for many different
jobs, including keeping your bones, muscles, heart,
and brain working properly. Minerals are also
important for making enzymes and hormones.
There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals and trace minerals. You need
larger amounts of macrominerals. They include calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur. You only need small amounts
of trace minerals. They include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt,
fluoride and selenium.

11. Activity 3 The “matter” on labels
Objectives
In this activity, you should be able to:
1. Name elements that are listed in the Nutrition Facts of a food label;
2. Recognize that the elements listed in the Nutrition Facts are not added as the elements
themselves;
3. Infer the food ingredient that could be the source of those listed elements; and
4. Recognize that most of these food ingredients are examples of compounds.
Science PM pp. 36-38

12. FOOD GRADE
Any ingredient added to
food should be safe to eat in
terms of quality and quantity
NON FOOD GRADE
substance then it should
not be added to products that
are meant to be ingested.

13. Activity 4 The iron-y of food fortification
Objective:
In this activity, you should be able to recover iron from a food product.
Science LM pp. 42-43

14. Elements are part of almost anything around us — food, clothes,
rocks, and even this paper you are currently reading from. Elements are
said to be the building blocks of matter. They are like blocks that you
can put together and build something new. When you build something
new from these elements, you call them as compounds.
Compounds are made up of elements. Elements are the simplest
form of matter. Both elements and compounds are substances.