2. Refers to a comprehensive reading program
which consists of several periods or stages.
These periods usually coincide with the
developmental stages of growth of the
individual. It is believed that one progresses
gradually in acquiring and developing certain
skills.
3. A DEVELOPMENTAL TASK IS A SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITY
THAT THE INDIVIDUAL FACES AT CERTAIN STAGES OF LIFE IN
ORDER TO BE WELL-ADJUSTED. (HAVIGHURST 1981)
4. • In college…
refers to the refinement of vocabulary,
comprehension, literary appreciation, and
study skills which are needed in both intensive
and extensive reading.
7. Reading Problems
• Cause No. 1- Inadequate Instruction
• Cause No. 2- Lack of Appropriate Materials
• Cause No. 3- Big Unmanageable Classes
• Cause No. 4- Poor Attitude Towards Reading
• Cause No. 5- Conflict with Interests
9. Skills required for Proficient Reading
• Phonemic Awareness- ability to distinguish and
manipulate the individual sounds of language
• Phonics- study of sound
• Fluency-ability to read with speed, accuracy and
vocal expression
• Vocabulary-knowledge of words and word
meanings
• Reading Comprehension-engagement with text
10. Developmental Reading Stages
Stage 0 (Birth-Age 6)
Reading Readiness/
Pre Reading
Stage 1 (Age 6-7,
Grade 1-2)
Initial Reading or
Decoding
Learning to recognize the alphabet,
imitation reading,
experimentation with letters and
learning sounds
Understanding the world around
them
Sounding out words from print
Utilize consonants and vowels to
blend together simple words
11. Developmental Reading Stages
Stage 2(Age 7-8, Grades 2-3)
Fluency
Stage 3 (Age 9-13, Grades 4 to 2nd
Year)
Reading for Learning the New Stage
Considered to be on the ‘real’
reading stage. They are fairly
good at reading and spelling and
are ready to read without
sounding everything out.
Re-reading allows them to
concentrate on meaning and
builds fluency
Sounding out unfamiliar words and
read with fluency
Readers need to bring prior
knowledge to their reading
Acquisition of facts
12. Developmental Reading Stages
Stage 4 (High School;
Ages 14-18)
Multiple Viewpoints
Stage
Stage 5 (College; Ages
18 and up)
Construction and
Reconstruction
Stage
Readers are instructed in reading and
study skills
Learn to analyze what they read and
react critically
Share multiple views and concepts
Reads materials useful to them and
apply those skills
Readers know what not to read, as well
as what to read
They have the ability to synthesize
critically the works of others and
able to defend their stand on specific
issues
13. Reading Pyramid
Phonemic Awareness- is the foundation of reading because it is the ability to
understand that words are made up of sounds
Phonics- ability to identify letters and their specific sounds
Decoding- is where children begin to sound out words
Word Identification-
Ability to see a word
And know what it is
Fluency
Read text quickly
And accurately
Vocabulary
Knowing what
the words mean
-a combination of
Fluency and word
identification
able to
construct
meaning from
the words read
Comprehension
