BIO 130: Module 1 Notes Module 1 Reading Assignment Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012).  Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapters 1, 2, and 3. The Scientific Method and the Foundations of Life Biology teaches us the basics of life and that our world is made up of many living organisms that contribute to life around us.  The term, “biology,” means the study of life and the organisms that live in it.  Biology is considered a natural science that leads to all other sciences.  There are many branches of biology that include zoology, anatomy and physiology, and microbiology—to name a few.  You will learn the basics of life, which are made up of genes, DNA, and cells.  You will also see how cells make up tissues, how tissues make up systems, and how systems make the organism.  You will also discover how evolution played an important role in who we are today. The process of science is to make observations, ask questions that will allow us to form a hypothesis (educated guess), and test the hypothesis in order to find new laws and theories.  From these theories, we should be able to form a conclusion about the topic. The next area to understand is the basic levels for which all living things exist.  The ecosystem is composed of living organisms consisting of plants and animals and how they interact with each other within the environment.  A community is a group of species coming together in a specific location.  The population accounts for how many of a particular species there are in a group.  An organism is a living system that continues through reproduction and is made up of organ systems.  Organ systems are made up of organs that are structural units of tissue joined to serve a single function.  Tissues are cells that form into multi-cellular organisms.  The cell is the smallest component of life that has nerve cells, blood cells, and muscle cells.  Next, we have molecules, which are two atoms tightly bonded.  Atoms are made up of a collection of protons, neutrons, and electrons.  If you understand this concept, you will begin to understand the basics of life. In this course you will learn about the basics of chemistry, which include the periodic table of elements, which is a very important component to chemistry.  It is composed of chemical elements that are organized by atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties.  To better understand the periodic table, please watch the Periodic Table video. Matter and energy are the two main components that make up our universe.  Matter is anything that is physical; for example, your pen, the air you breathe, and the earth.  Matter has four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.  Energy has the ability to do work or cause change in the environment; an example of this is light.  A covalent bond is when there are atoms sharing electrons.  An ionic bond is when an atom gives up an electron to another atom.  When the atom is given up, it is known as a c ...

1. BIO 130: Module 1 Notes
Module 1 Reading Assignment
Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in
biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapters 1, 2, and
3.
The Scientific Method and the Foundations of Life
Biology teaches us the basics of life and that our world is made
up of many living organisms that contribute to life around us.
The term, “biology,” means the study of life and the organisms
that live in it. Biology is considered a natural science that leads
to all other sciences. There are many branches of biology that
include zoology, anatomy and physiology, and microbiology—
to name a few. You will learn the basics of life, which are
made up of genes, DNA, and cells. You will also see how cells
make up tissues, how tissues make up systems, and how systems
make the organism. You will also discover how evolution
played an important role in who we are today.
The process of science is to make observations, ask questions
that will allow us to form a hypothesis (educated guess), and
test the hypothesis in order to find new laws and theories. From
these theories, we should be able to form a conclusion about the
topic.
The next area to understand is the basic levels for which all
living things exist. The ecosystem is composed of living
organisms consisting of plants and animals and how they
interact with each other within the environment. A community
is a group of species coming together in a specific location.
The population accounts for how many of a particular species
there are in a group. An organism is a living system that
continues through reproduction and is made up of organ
systems. Organ systems are made up of organs that are
structural units of tissue joined to serve a single function.
Tissues are cells that form into multi-cellular organisms. The
cell is the smallest component of life that has nerve cells, blood

2. cells, and muscle cells. Next, we have molecules, which are
two atoms tightly bonded. Atoms are made up of a collection of
protons, neutrons, and electrons. If you understand this
concept, you will begin to understand the basics of life.
In this course you will learn about the basics of chemistry,
which include the periodic table of elements, which is a very
important component to chemistry. It is composed of chemical
elements that are organized by atomic numbers, electron
configurations, and chemical properties. To better understand
the periodic table, please watch the Periodic Table video.
Matter and energy are the two main components that make up
our universe. Matter is anything that is physical; for example,
your pen, the air you breathe, and the earth. Matter has four
states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Energy has the ability to
do work or cause change in the environment; an example of this
is light. A covalent bond is when there are atoms sharing
electrons. An ionic bond is when an atom gives up an electron
to another atom. When the atom is given up, it is known as a
chemical reaction. There are five chemical reactions, which are
as follows:Synthesis: There are two substances that are
combined to formulate a single product.Example: A (hot dog
buns) +B (hot dog meat) = C (hot dog meat inside the bun ready
to eat)Double Replacement: Two compounds switch places to
form two new compounds.Example: AB+CD
AD+CDCombustion: This reaction is a combination of oxygen
with another compound to form water and carbon dioxide. This
type of reaction produces heat.Example: Burning
naphthalene.Decomposition: This is the opposite of a synthesis
reaction. This process has a more complex process of breaking
down into simpler parts.Example: AB A+BSingle Replacement:
Compound becomes replaced with a single, uncombined
element.
The molecules of life are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
Carbohydrates are organic compounds that are formed by
carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. There are four chemical
groupings of carbohydrates, which are known as

3. monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and
polysaccharides. Monosaccharides provide the major fuel for
energy (known as metabolism). Disaccharides are composed of
two monosaccharides (sucrose and lactose). The simplest
polysaccharides are monosaccharides and disaccharides. The
most complex carbohydrates are known as polysaccharides and
oligosaccharides. Lipids include the following molecules: fats,
waxes, steroids, fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, and K),
monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
The main function of lipids is to store energy (ex//cell
membranes). Proteins have a set of twenty amino acids and
three dimensional shapes. There are a variety of reasons why
proteins are important molecules that provide cell function.
There are also a variety of different protein cells (bodily
movement, defense against germs, and structural support).
Required Presentations:
Click on the links below to view the Module 1
presentations.Chapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 1
Running head: [INSERT TITLE HERE]
[INSERT TITLE HERE]
Student Name
Allied American University

4. Author Note
This paper was prepared for [INSERT COURSE NAME],
[INSERT COURSE ASSIGNMENT] taught by [INSERT
INSTRUCTOR’S NAME].
PART I: SHORT ANSWER
Directions: Please answer each of the following questions.
Please ensure that your responses are at least 3 to 5 sentences in
length.
1. What is the difference between simple correlation and a
cause-and-effect relationship?
2. List the parts of the scientific method.
3. The scientific method is central to all work that a scientist
does. Can this method be applied to the ordinary activities of
life? How might a scientific approach change how you choose
your clothing, your recreational activities, or a car? Can these
choices be analyzed scientifically? Should they be analyzed
scientifically? Is there anything wrong with looking at these
decisions from a scientific point of view?
4. What is chemistry and what does chemistry have to do with
biology?
5. List the five forms of energy.

5. 6. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in a neutral
atom of potassium having an atomic weight of 39?
7. Describe the difference between a reactant and a product.
8. List three monomers and the polymers that can be
constructed from the monomers.
9. Describe how DNA differs from and is similar to RNA
both structurally and functionally.
10. What is meant by HDL, LDL, and VLDL? Where are they
found? How do they relate to disease?
PART II: ESSAY
Directions: Write a 1 to 2 page, double-spaced paper in 12 pt.
font in response to the following question. Find one article
using AAU’s LIRN (library) to use as support. Please use APA
format. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for an
effective guide on how use LIRN and for concise APA
guidelines.
Ecosystem vs. Biosphere
Compare and contrast the differences of the ecosystem vs. the
biosphere. Then, explain why they need to go together to form
a better place for all of us.