SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 9
Igniting their Passion:
Motivating Students
to Learn
An Interesting Quote
“If a student does not want to learn, he will not –
Even in spite of good teaching.
If a student wants to learn, he will –
Even in spite of bad teaching.”
David Willey
“Getting students Interested”
But how do we motivate students?
• There so many ideas and theories on how to motivate
students. So which ones really work and do not
• We cannot know UNTIL WE TRY THEM OUT OURSELVES
• What may work for others may not work for us. But let
us see what some writers and authors on teaching
prescribe?
Some Tips for Motivating Students
To encourage students to become self –motivated independent
Learners, teachers and instructors can try to do the following:
• Give frequent, early, positive feedback that supports’ beliefs
that they can do well.
• Ensure opportunities for students’ success by assigning tasks
that are neither too easy nor too difficult
• Help students find personal meaning and value in the
material
• Create a learning atmosphere that is open and positive.
• Help students feel that they are valued members of a learning
community.
Some Strategies for Motivating
Students
• Capitalize on students’ existing needs.
• Make students active participants in learning.
• Ask students to analyze what makes their
classes more or less
“motivating”
According to Sass there are eight characteristics emerge as major
contributors to student motivation:
 Instructor’s enthusiasm
 Relevance of the material
 Organization of the course
 Appropriate difficulty level of the material
 Active involvement of the students
 Variety
 Rapport between teacher
 Use of Appropriate, concrete and understandable examples
Motivating Students by Responding to
Their Work
• Give students feedback as quickly as possible
• Reward success
• Introduce students to the good work of peers
- Pass out a list chosen of research topics
chosen by students so they will know whether
others are writing papers of interest of them
- Make available copies of the best papers and
essay exams.
- Provide class time for students to read papers
or assignments submitted by classmates.
- Schedule a brief talk by a student who has
experience or who is doing a research paper on
a topic relevant to your lecture.
• Be specific when giving negative feedback
• Avoid demeaning comments.
• Avoid giving in to students’ pleas for “the
answer” home work problems.
Structuring the Course to Motivate
Students
• Work for students’ strengths and interest
• When possible, let students have some
say in choosing what will be studied.
• Increase the difficulty of the material as
the semester progresses.
• Vary your teaching methods.

More Related Content

What's hot

Introducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw ak
Introducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw akIntroducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw ak
Introducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw akctheo12
 
Differentiation for Higher Level Students
Differentiation for Higher Level StudentsDifferentiation for Higher Level Students
Differentiation for Higher Level StudentsBobby Dodd
 
Independent Learning
Independent LearningIndependent Learning
Independent LearningPhilwood
 
Newfield cpd session final
Newfield cpd session finalNewfield cpd session final
Newfield cpd session finaltedfaulkner
 
Engaging participants
Engaging participantsEngaging participants
Engaging participantsSampsell11
 
Independent Learning by bunpeiris
Independent Learning by bunpeirisIndependent Learning by bunpeiris
Independent Learning by bunpeirisB. UPUL N. PEIRIS .
 
From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!
From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!
From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!andymellor64
 
Fostering Independent Learning
Fostering Independent LearningFostering Independent Learning
Fostering Independent Learningpearsoncareer
 
Becky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology Presentation
Becky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology  PresentationBecky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology  Presentation
Becky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology Presentationbbp0014
 
Leonard Unit 3 Blog
Leonard Unit 3 BlogLeonard Unit 3 Blog
Leonard Unit 3 Blog1ProfThea
 
Supervision presentation
Supervision presentationSupervision presentation
Supervision presentationjbenne36
 
Developing independent learning
Developing independent learningDeveloping independent learning
Developing independent learningCherwelllearning
 
Inset post 16 (reduced)
Inset post 16 (reduced)Inset post 16 (reduced)
Inset post 16 (reduced)douglasgreig
 

What's hot (20)

Looking at student work
Looking at student workLooking at student work
Looking at student work
 
Introducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw ak
Introducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw akIntroducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw ak
Introducing the challenge plc october 2017-sw ak
 
Differentiation for Higher Level Students
Differentiation for Higher Level StudentsDifferentiation for Higher Level Students
Differentiation for Higher Level Students
 
Independent Learning
Independent LearningIndependent Learning
Independent Learning
 
Newfield cpd session final
Newfield cpd session finalNewfield cpd session final
Newfield cpd session final
 
SHA: The First Twenty Days
SHA: The First Twenty DaysSHA: The First Twenty Days
SHA: The First Twenty Days
 
Engaging participants
Engaging participantsEngaging participants
Engaging participants
 
Independent Learning by bunpeiris
Independent Learning by bunpeirisIndependent Learning by bunpeiris
Independent Learning by bunpeiris
 
From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!
From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!
From good to outstanding teaching at St Nicholas!
 
Dr ice
Dr iceDr ice
Dr ice
 
Sep 17
Sep 17Sep 17
Sep 17
 
Fostering Independent Learning
Fostering Independent LearningFostering Independent Learning
Fostering Independent Learning
 
Becky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology Presentation
Becky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology  PresentationBecky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology  Presentation
Becky Patterson 5720 Group 2 Technology Presentation
 
Leonard Unit 3 Blog
Leonard Unit 3 BlogLeonard Unit 3 Blog
Leonard Unit 3 Blog
 
Enser m
Enser mEnser m
Enser m
 
Supervision presentation
Supervision presentationSupervision presentation
Supervision presentation
 
Reflective practice
Reflective practiceReflective practice
Reflective practice
 
Teaching large classes
Teaching large classesTeaching large classes
Teaching large classes
 
Developing independent learning
Developing independent learningDeveloping independent learning
Developing independent learning
 
Inset post 16 (reduced)
Inset post 16 (reduced)Inset post 16 (reduced)
Inset post 16 (reduced)
 

Similar to Igniting Passion: Motivating Students to Learn

The Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptx
The Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptxThe Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptx
The Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptxHaroldArradaza2
 
AIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptx
AIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptxAIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptx
AIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptxpateeq81
 
MRR - Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering Education
MRR -  Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering EducationMRR -  Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering Education
MRR - Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering EducationRaja Reddy Mitta
 
What is inquiry based learning
What is inquiry based learningWhat is inquiry based learning
What is inquiry based learningSchoolofScholars
 
Motivating Students
Motivating StudentsMotivating Students
Motivating StudentsAMS CMS
 
Education philosophy progressivism
Education philosophy progressivismEducation philosophy progressivism
Education philosophy progressivismnnoslrac
 
Introduction to teaching - Unit 1
Introduction to teaching - Unit 1Introduction to teaching - Unit 1
Introduction to teaching - Unit 1Dr. DANIYAL MUSHTAQ
 
Models and stretegies of teaching
Models and stretegies of teachingModels and stretegies of teaching
Models and stretegies of teachingGem Stone
 
5 techniques for teachers
5 techniques for teachers5 techniques for teachers
5 techniques for teachersSelf-employment
 
Independent Learning Inset SH pp
Independent Learning Inset SH ppIndependent Learning Inset SH pp
Independent Learning Inset SH ppMrsHouseLND
 
Motivating learners
Motivating learnersMotivating learners
Motivating learnerssarah_j_cox
 
Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success
Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success
Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success Dr. Val Margarit
 
2.13.campbell
2.13.campbell2.13.campbell
2.13.campbellafacct
 
MitchellMSdifferentiation
MitchellMSdifferentiationMitchellMSdifferentiation
MitchellMSdifferentiationBenjamin Holzem
 
Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...
Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...
Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...Sara Marsham
 

Similar to Igniting Passion: Motivating Students to Learn (20)

The Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptx
The Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptxThe Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptx
The Teacher’s Treasure Chest.pptx
 
AIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptx
AIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptxAIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptx
AIOU B. Ed Program Course 8601 Unit (01).pptx
 
Nature of teaching
Nature of teachingNature of teaching
Nature of teaching
 
MRR - Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering Education
MRR -  Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering EducationMRR -  Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering Education
MRR - Teaching, Learning and Research in Engineering Education
 
What is inquiry based learning
What is inquiry based learningWhat is inquiry based learning
What is inquiry based learning
 
Motivating Students
Motivating StudentsMotivating Students
Motivating Students
 
Education philosophy progressivism
Education philosophy progressivismEducation philosophy progressivism
Education philosophy progressivism
 
Introduction to teaching - Unit 1
Introduction to teaching - Unit 1Introduction to teaching - Unit 1
Introduction to teaching - Unit 1
 
Presentation1.pptx
Presentation1.pptxPresentation1.pptx
Presentation1.pptx
 
Models and stretegies of teaching
Models and stretegies of teachingModels and stretegies of teaching
Models and stretegies of teaching
 
5 techniques for teachers
5 techniques for teachers5 techniques for teachers
5 techniques for teachers
 
You Are How You Teach
You Are How You TeachYou Are How You Teach
You Are How You Teach
 
Independent Learning Inset SH pp
Independent Learning Inset SH ppIndependent Learning Inset SH pp
Independent Learning Inset SH pp
 
Motivating learners
Motivating learnersMotivating learners
Motivating learners
 
3. Creativity in Classroom.pdf
3. Creativity in Classroom.pdf3. Creativity in Classroom.pdf
3. Creativity in Classroom.pdf
 
Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success
Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success
Teaching with Purpose: Creating a Positive Climate for Student Success
 
2.13.campbell
2.13.campbell2.13.campbell
2.13.campbell
 
MitchellMSdifferentiation
MitchellMSdifferentiationMitchellMSdifferentiation
MitchellMSdifferentiation
 
Learning
LearningLearning
Learning
 
Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...
Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...
Embedding links between teaching and research at a research intensive UK univ...
 

More from JonalynRubis1

More from JonalynRubis1 (9)

Learning task english
Learning task englishLearning task english
Learning task english
 
Modals presentation
Modals presentationModals presentation
Modals presentation
 
Ano nga ba ang diptonggo
Ano nga ba ang diptonggoAno nga ba ang diptonggo
Ano nga ba ang diptonggo
 
Lois lowry
Lois lowryLois lowry
Lois lowry
 
Minerals (1)
Minerals (1)Minerals (1)
Minerals (1)
 
Alliteration
AlliterationAlliteration
Alliteration
 
Emotional appeal
Emotional appealEmotional appeal
Emotional appeal
 
English
EnglishEnglish
English
 
English
EnglishEnglish
English
 

Recently uploaded

Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationnomboosow
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Hierarchy of management that covers different levels of management
Hierarchy of management that covers different levels of managementHierarchy of management that covers different levels of management
Hierarchy of management that covers different levels of managementmkooblal
 
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaPainted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaVirag Sontakke
 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 
CELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptx
CELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptxCELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptx
CELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptxJiesonDelaCerna
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon AUnboundStockton
 
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdfPharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdfMahmoud M. Sallam
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxSayali Powar
 
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxProudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxthorishapillay1
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr
 
Biting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdf
Biting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdfBiting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdf
Biting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdfadityarao40181
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Celine George
 
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptxEPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptxRaymartEstabillo3
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxVS Mahajan Coaching Centre
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptxECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - PAPER 1 Q3: NEWSPAPERS.pptx
 
Hierarchy of management that covers different levels of management
Hierarchy of management that covers different levels of managementHierarchy of management that covers different levels of management
Hierarchy of management that covers different levels of management
 
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaPainted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
 
9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini Delhi NCR
9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini  Delhi NCR9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini  Delhi NCR
9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini Delhi NCR
 
CELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptx
CELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptxCELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptx
CELL CYCLE Division Science 8 quarter IV.pptx
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
 
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdfPharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
 
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptxProudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
Proudly South Africa powerpoint Thorisha.pptx
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
 
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
Biting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdf
Biting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdfBiting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdf
Biting mechanism of poisonous snakes.pdf
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
 
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptxEPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
 
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
ESSENTIAL of (CS/IT/IS) class 06 (database)
ESSENTIAL of (CS/IT/IS) class 06 (database)ESSENTIAL of (CS/IT/IS) class 06 (database)
ESSENTIAL of (CS/IT/IS) class 06 (database)
 
OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...
OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...
OS-operating systems- ch04 (Threads) ...
 

Igniting Passion: Motivating Students to Learn

  • 2. An Interesting Quote “If a student does not want to learn, he will not – Even in spite of good teaching. If a student wants to learn, he will – Even in spite of bad teaching.” David Willey “Getting students Interested”
  • 3. But how do we motivate students? • There so many ideas and theories on how to motivate students. So which ones really work and do not • We cannot know UNTIL WE TRY THEM OUT OURSELVES • What may work for others may not work for us. But let us see what some writers and authors on teaching prescribe?
  • 4. Some Tips for Motivating Students To encourage students to become self –motivated independent Learners, teachers and instructors can try to do the following: • Give frequent, early, positive feedback that supports’ beliefs that they can do well. • Ensure opportunities for students’ success by assigning tasks that are neither too easy nor too difficult • Help students find personal meaning and value in the material • Create a learning atmosphere that is open and positive. • Help students feel that they are valued members of a learning community.
  • 5. Some Strategies for Motivating Students • Capitalize on students’ existing needs. • Make students active participants in learning. • Ask students to analyze what makes their classes more or less “motivating” According to Sass there are eight characteristics emerge as major contributors to student motivation:  Instructor’s enthusiasm  Relevance of the material  Organization of the course  Appropriate difficulty level of the material  Active involvement of the students
  • 6.  Variety  Rapport between teacher  Use of Appropriate, concrete and understandable examples
  • 7. Motivating Students by Responding to Their Work • Give students feedback as quickly as possible • Reward success • Introduce students to the good work of peers - Pass out a list chosen of research topics chosen by students so they will know whether others are writing papers of interest of them - Make available copies of the best papers and essay exams.
  • 8. - Provide class time for students to read papers or assignments submitted by classmates. - Schedule a brief talk by a student who has experience or who is doing a research paper on a topic relevant to your lecture. • Be specific when giving negative feedback • Avoid demeaning comments. • Avoid giving in to students’ pleas for “the answer” home work problems.
  • 9. Structuring the Course to Motivate Students • Work for students’ strengths and interest • When possible, let students have some say in choosing what will be studied. • Increase the difficulty of the material as the semester progresses. • Vary your teaching methods.

Editor's Notes

  1. Conclusion: We should spend more time helping students want to learn than developing ways of forcing them to learn. (which we can’t do anyway