Introduction to Philosophy/ Greek Philosophers

1. PHILOSOPHY

2. REVIEW
• What is Philosophy?
• Why do we need to study Pshilosophy?
• Give one importance of studying Philosophy in…
• Politics
• Law
• Daily Life
• Sports

3. Origin of Philosophy
• Philos – LOVE
• Sophia – WISDOM

4. PYTHAGORAS
• 570 BCE – 495 BCE
• Greek Philosopher
• Mathematician and Scientist
• Pythagorean Theorem
• Religion and Philosophy that
influenced Plato and Aristotle

5. HERACLITUS
• 535 BCE – 475 BCE
• Pre Socratic Greek Philosopher
• Everything that exist is based of on a
higher order or plan which he called
logos
• Change is a permanent condition of
human life
• “No man ever steps on the same river
twice”

6. DEMOCRITUS
• Greek Philosopher
• Student of Leucippus
• Study cause of natural
phenomena
• Among the first to propose that
matter is composed of tiny
particles called atoms

7. DIOGENES OF SINOPE
• 412 BCE – 323 BCE
• Greek Philosopher
• Advocate simple and virtuous life
• Critic of Plato and Aristotle
• Later his works had influenced the
development of Philosophy such as
Cynicism and Stoicism,

8. EPICURUS
• 341BCE – 270 BCE
• Greek Philosopher
• Believed that Philosophy could enable
man to live a life of happiness, which
would eventually result in a life free
from fear and pain.
• His founded Epicureanism

9. SOCRATES
• 470BCE – 399BCE
• Greek Philosopher
• One of the founders of Western
Philosophy
• Contributed on Field of Ethics
• Considered himself a “midwife”
• Credited for Socratic Method

10. PLATO
• 427BCE – 347BCE
• Student of Socrates
• Classical Greek Philosopher
• Theory of Forms
• Dialectic
• Contributed to the founding of
Academy

11. ARISTOTLE
• 348BCE – 322BCE
• Greek Philosopher
• Disagree with Plato’s Theory of Forms
• Involved himself in physical science,
zoology, psychology, ethics and politics
• Proposed a system for classification of
plants and animals
• Deductive reasoning

12. ARCHIMEDES
• 287BCE – 212BCE
• Greek Philosopher
• Practical aspect of philosophical inquiries
• Leading scientist in his time
• Mathematician, psychiatrist, engineer,
inventor and astronomer
• Gave rise to modern calculus
• Screw, a devise for raising water,
determining the volume using
displacement

13. DISCUSS
1. How did the Philosophers distinguish themselves from other
intellectuals during their times?
2. Which ancient Philosopher, in your opinion, made the greatest
contribution to the development of Philosophy?
3. What contribution do think applies to your own situation and life?
4. How do you think their philosophies affect or influenced your daily
life?
5. If you are going to invent something worth, what would it be and
how would your invention or discovery would help others?