I want to make a day long concrete safety class. This is either one or two hour class at the present.

1. Concrete & Masonry
Construction
John Newquist
Draft 5 14 2018

2. March 2018
• Florida International
University bridge collapsed
on March 15, killing six
people.

3. Sep 2017
• BATON ROUGE, LA (WAFB) -
• One person is dead and
another was badly injured in a
construction accident Friday
morning, officials confirmed.

4. May 2017 Photo A Abbas

5. Mar 2017
• WAYNE, NJ — A worker died in
a cement-mixer accident in
New Jersey Wednesday
morning, local officials said.
• Initial reports show the victim
was cleaning out the cement
mixer on Dey Road and became
trapped under the mixer's
drum.
• The victim was crushed by the
body of the truck.

6. January
2017
•Yonkers NY
•5 Hurt
•Authorities say a
Bobcat machine fell
through the roof of the
National Wholesale
Liquidators store

7. August 2016
•First responders
rushed to a
construction site in
Boston on Thursday to
rescue a worker who
reportedly got caught
in a cement mixer.
•The 22-year-old
worker slipped, and
was not relieved from
the mixer for two
hours.

8. July 2016
• A Los Angeles jury has awarded $27 M to a family
• 30-year-old Edgar Gonzalez, fell 30 feet while building a
wall at the Hyperion treatment plant near Playa del Rey
on Aug. 2, 2011.
• Gonzalez was standing on top of a 30-foot concrete wall-
form panel when it collapsed, killing him.
Atlas’ share of
negligence was
55%, while the
rest of the blame
lay with USS Cal
Builders,

9. Jun 2016
• NY Construction boss charged
with manslaughter for worker
death
• Salvatore Schirripa, 66, was
indicted for failing to adhere to
safety regulations at the 360
Neptune Ave. work site that
could have saved the life of
hardhat Vidal Sanchez Ramon.
• Ramon was pouring and
smoothing concrete on the sixth
floor of the commercial
building last April when he
toppled off the edge of the
structure.

10. June 2016
•Waders $40
•Good for two pours.
•Prevent Concrete burns

11. March 2016
• Friday at 3pm
• 3-inch slump
concrete
• Boot stuck
• Ripped hamstring
• 3800 lbs in 2 days
• 4000 lbs design
Training, mats,
different concrete,
stretching

12. October 2013
• The firm switched to a "drill-
and-pound" method of
attaching the 13-ton panel
and others like it on the east
side of the O'Donnell
structure to avoid having to
wait for grout sealing the
connections to dry, Foeckler
said.
• Foeckler said Jared's parents
are seeking $7.5 million in
damages, plus an additional
unspecified amount in
punitive damages against
Advance.

13. October 2013 (continued)

14. The jury awarded a total of $39 million.
• The limits of two insurance
policies held by Advance Cast
Stone totaled $10 million,
which could leave additional
uninsured costs to fall on the
Random Lake firm that
manufactured and installed
the O'Donnell Park panels.
• “It's reasonable to conclude
from trial testimony that
Advance took a shortcut
method for attaching the
panel that fell to save time
and money,” the judge said.
• Judge Foley admonished
Liberty Insurance Co. for
pursuing a trial strategy in
which he said it, "breached
its duty to defend" Advance
Cast Stone.
• Liberty has argued that
Advance's actions were
taken with the knowledge
that a catastrophic accident
was likely to occur,
something that could negate
the insurance coverage.

15. 4
4
5
5
147
702(i)(1)
703(a)(2)
703(b)(1)
706(b)
701(b)
Concrete & Masonry Construction
[1926.700 – .706]
15
REINFORCING STEEL GUARDING
SHORING EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSPECTED PRIOR TO ERECTION
MASONRY WALL OVER 8 FEET SHALL BE BRACED
SEMICIRCULAR MASONRY SAW GUARDING
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT OF BULK CEMENT STORAGE FACILITIES
SUBPARTQ

16. Reinforcing Steel
• Guard protruding,
reinforcing steel.
• Mushroom Caps not
allowed.
• Look for Flathead with
steel plate.
1926.701(b)

17. 17

18. Rebar
• 100% plastic caps will
not work.
• Protect by bending it
down, use of barriers, or
impalement resistance
caps.

19. Rebar
• Horizontal rebar caps have to be used to
protect against impalement.
• This site used duct tape to hold it better.

20. December 2013

21. Cline Avenue Bridge
• East Chicago, IN
• April 15, 1982
•Highway ramp
accident.
• 13 construction
workers were killed
and 17 injured when
the temporary
falsework collapsed
during construction.
The Cline Avenue bridge over
Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal was
closed on November 14, 2009.
Inspections discovered significant
damage caused by cables,
concrete, and support piers
wearing out prematurely.

22. Cline Avenue Bridge
• No strength
requirement for pads
holding the shoring.
• Used leftover concrete.

23. Cline Avenue Bridge
• Concrete pads usually
2.5x the expected
loads.
• Cline pads were only
half the strength.
• Pads cracked.
• U-heads broke due to
shifting.

24. General Requirements
• Drawings or plans for the jack layout, formwork, working
decks, and scaffolds must be available at the jobsite.
1926.703(a)(2)

25. • No construction loads
placed on concrete
structure unless:
– Employer determines
safe to do so.
– Person qualified in
structural design.
– Structure capable of
supporting loads.
General Requirements

26. January 2015
• Willits, CA
• Four hospitalized.
•Officials say workers were pouring concrete when a 150-foot
temporary steel and wooden structure, known as falsework,
suddenly collapsed.

27. October 2015
• 150 N Riverside Plaza
• Approx 12ft x 12ft section of
concrete collapsed on interior.
• No injuries reported, all workers
accounted for, as per CFD.

28. May 2015
• Seven people were injured while pouring concrete at a
construction site in downtown Los Angeles.

29. November 2014
• Raleigh, NC
• 140-foot center
bridge section
collapsed during the
concrete pour.
• One dead, four hurt.
“The bridges were doomed by
engineered design flaws associated
with several notches in their
supporting structures.”

30. • Equipment found to be
damaged or weakened
must be immediately
reinforced.
• Sills must be sound,
rigid, and capable of
carrying maximum
intended load.
1926.703(b)(4)-(5)
Shoring and Reshoring

31. • Adjustment of single
post shores to raise
formwork must not be
made after the
placement of concrete.
Shoring and Reshoring
1926.703(b)(9)

32. • Reshoring must be erected:
– As the original forms and
shores are removed.
– Whenever the concrete
is required to support
loads in excess of its
capacity.
1926.703(b)(10)
Shoring and Reshoring

33. Jun 2016
5 days to strip

34. November 2014

35. • Inspected prior to erection.
• Damaged equipment shall
not be used.
• Inspected immediately
prior to, during, and
immediately after concrete
placement.
Shoring and Reshoring
1926.703(b)(1)-(3)

36. Shoring
• Sills under metal shores
should be inspected for
damage.
• This sill is buckling
under the weight.
• Check the concrete
shore diagram to see if
the right size sill is used.
• Question the design if
the shoring is able to
hold loads.

37. Shoring and Reshoring
• All base plates, shore
heads, extension
devices, and adjustment
screws must be in firm
contact, and secured
when necessary, with
the foundation and form.
1926.703(b)(6)

38. • Forms and shores (except those used
for slabs on grade & slip forms):
– Not removed until Employer
determines concrete has gained
sufficient strength to support its
weight and superimposed loads.
Removal of
Formwork

39. • Forms and shores must not be removed until employer
determines concrete has gained sufficient strength.
1926.703(e)(1)
Removal of Formwork

40. December 2013
• One worker, Timothy Lang,
53, of Saugerties, was
pronounced dead at the
scene.
• A second worker, Scott
Winkler, 50, of Monroe, was
taken to Westchester
Medical Center in Valhalla
and died two weeks later.
One citation said the formwork for the retaining wall failed
to support the loads applied to it during the concrete pour
due to the absence of three diagonal braces.

41. March 2015
• Only two verticals
braced

42. General Requirements
• Formwork must be
designed, fabricated,
erected, supported, braced,
and maintained.
– Must support without
failure all vertical and
lateral loads applied to it.
1926.703(a)(1)

43. Bracing

44. September 2014
• Kansas City, MO
• Part of the brick sign under construction broke, and part
of the wall hit one of the workers and broke his leg.
• He fell and was covered by liquid concrete.

45. Willow Island
• Willow Island, WV
• April 1978
•Cooling tower scaffold collapse.
• Premature loading of cast-in-place
concrete.
• 51 construction workers died.

46. • 51 killed
• 170 feet above ground
• Entire form peeled away from
newly placed concrete.
Cooling Tower
St. Mary’s West Virginia 1978

47. Vertical Slipforms

48. Jump forms atop the St. Mary’s structure tore loose, pulling
work platforms and concrete down inside the tower.

49. Vertical Slipforms
• Jacks and lifting
devices must be
provided with
mechanical dogs
or other automatic
holding devices.
1926.703(c)(5)

51. Concrete and Masonry
• Masonry wall construction
–Need a “limited access
zone”

52. • Shall be established
whenever masonry wall
is being constructed.
• Prior to start of wall
construction.
Limited Access Zone (LAZ)

53. Limited Access Zone (LAZ)
• Height of wall plus
4’
• Entire length of wall
• On un-scaffold side
• Restricted entry
Masons
ONLY!

54. Limited Access Zone?

55. Limited Access Zone

56. Masonry Walls
• Many deaths in the
1990s due to walls not
being braced.
• Walls over 8 feet must be
braced, including those
under construction.
• https://ncma.org has
guidelines.
Wall bracing during construction

57. August 2013

58. April 2016

59. Masonry Wall Bracing

60. • Masonry walls over 8 feet in
height must be adequately
braced.
• Bracing must remain in
place until permanent
supporting elements of the
structure are in place.
1926.706(b)
Masonry Wall Bracing

61. September 2014
• Des Plaines, IL
• The accident at 1500 Rand
Road occurred at the height
of storms that quickly moved
through the Northwest
suburbs about 3 p.m.
• Fire Chief Alan Wax said the
roof and one wall of the
building addition collapsed,
and scaffolding set up next to the building fell on construction
workers.
•Four hurt.

62. November 2014
• Chicago, IL
• One construction worker was killed, and three others
were injured, when a building facade collapsed onto a
scaffold near Midway Airport.
• Unlicensed contractor.

63. August 2014

64. July 2014
• A construction worker spent
time trapped under
construction material after a
retaining wall collapsed along
I-90 in Rosemont.
• He was found in an easement
next to the wall, and part of
the wall had fallen on his legs.
• OSHA cited precast walls
were not adequately
supported to prevent
overturning and collapse until
permanent connections were
complete.
• 1926.704(a) Typical Precast retaining walls

65. May 2014
• Concrete chute failure in IL.
• Because of the incident,
XXXXXXX suffered severe injuries
to his hip, neck, back and
shoulder, and was severely and
permanently disabled and
disfigured, the complaint says.
• Blames the defendants for
causing XXXXXXX’s injuries,
saying they negligently failed to
keep equipment in proper
repair, failed to perform repairs
and welding on the equipment,
failed to provide adequate
warnings and failed to ensure
equipment was in proper repair.
• Seeking a judgment of more
than $300,000.

66. • Discharge pipes
must be provided
with pipe supports
designed for 100
percent overload.
• Electrical lines are
a hazard so 10 feet
away.
1926.702(e)(1)-(2)
Concrete Pumping System

67. • Compressed air
hoses on pumping
systems:
– Positive fail-safe
joint connectors.
– Prevent
separation of
sections while
pressurized.
Concrete Pumping Systems

68. Masonry Saws
• Masonry saws must be
guarded with a semicircular
enclosure over the blade.
• Silica when cutting dry
• Method for retaining blade
fragments must be
incorporated in the design
of the enclosure.
1926.702(i)(1)-(2)

69. •Guarded with semi-circular enclosure over
blade.
•Enclosure must provide for retaining flying
blade fragments.

70. Do You See Any Violations?

71. Lockout/Tagout Procedures
• Employees must not
be allowed to perform
maintenance or repair
activity on equipment.
– Unless hazardous
energy sources
have been locked
out or tagged out.
– Inspect to see if all
shields and guards
are in place.
1926.702(j)(1)

72. Questions