운영개념(ConOps) 개발 방법론

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최근에 나는 초기 요구사항 및 설계개념 개발과 병행하여 CONOPS를 발표
했습니다. CONOPS은 처음에는 많은 저항을 받았으며 몇몇 주요직위자
(principals)로부터 심지어 불필요한 것으로 취급되어졌습니다. 2개월에 걸
쳐 그것의 작성을 마무리 지었을때, 우리는 여러가지 불일치한 기대
(expectation)를 확인하고 왜곡된 여러 요구사항들을 새로이 찾아냈습니
다. 핵심적인 회의론자(skeptics) 중 한 명은 "이것은 지금껏 내가 본 최고의
CONOPS 중 하나"라고 말했습니다."
Lockheed Martin engineer, 2006
(McKinney, M., 2008)

The first recorded use of a ConOps document was
in the paper by R. J. Lano, "A Structured Approach
for Operational Concept Formulation" TRW
SS-80-002, TRW Defense and Space System
Group in 1980.(Owens III, C., 2017)
Invented FFBD in the 1950
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T(1901) ⇨ TRW(1958) ⇨ Northrop Grumman(2002)
RW(1953) ⇨

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ConOps clearly and concisely states the system's operational goal by a verbal
and graphic statement from the operator's perspective and gives an overall
picture of the operation.

ConOps / G'9 (Scotti, R. & Gambhir, S.S.G., 1996)
What? 기존 능력 및 미래 능력 등
Why? 필요한 이유
How? 의도달성 방법과 절차, 주요기능 및 능력 등
Who? 사용자, 운영자, 유지보수인력, 지원인력, 공급자 등
When? 운영상황 또는 운영시나리오
Where? 운영환경 및 배치장소 등

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(McKinney, M., 2008; Korfiatis, P., Cloutier, R. & Zigh, T., 2015)

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ConOps
System
Requirements
System
Architecture
Capabilities
Components &
Relationships
(Laquinto, F.J., 2012)

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User
Developer
Buyer Training
FacilitiesMaintenance
SE Consultant

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범위
참고문서
현재 시스템 또는 상황
이유 및 변경 특성
시스템 개념
운영시나리오
영향 요약
시스템 분석
범위
참고문서
현재 시스템 또는 상황
변경 이유
시스템 개념
운영시나리오
영향 요약
시스템 분석
범위
참고문서
시스템 요약
운영환경
지원환경
운영 요구
시스템 개요

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(Blanchard, B. & Fabrycky, W., 2006)http://www.dept.aoe.vt.edu/~brown/VTShipDesign/2009-2010_Team4_SSCsml.pdf
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https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/cadiv/segb/views/document/sections/section3/3_4_3.cfm
프로젝트 목표와 목적
권고되는 시스템 개념
지역 ITS 아키텍처
필요성 평가
가능성 평가
사업계획
시스템엔지니어링관리계획(SEMP)
사업비전, 목적과 목표 정의 및 정교화
사업 개념 탐색
운영시나리오 개발
사업 ConOps 개발 및 문서화
이해관계자 참여
조달 옵션
위험관리
추적성 관리
운영개념(ConOps)
확인전략계획
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Mostashari A., McComb, S., Kennedy, Cloutier, R. & Korfiatis, P., 2012; Korfiatis, P., Cloutier, R. & Zigh, T., 2015; )

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A. Graphic types that show how parts relates to the whole process or system

B. Graphic types that literally show the system in use: photographs, drawing, schematic, floorplan, models
C. Graphic types that show process: data structure, workflow
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ConOps 주요내용 DoDAF
임무/의도(mission/intention)
역할(roles)
필요능력(needed performance)
활동(activities)
운용개념도(OV-1)

조직관계도(OV-4), 운용노드 연결기술서(OV-2)

운용정보 교환목록(OV-3)

운용활동모델(OV-5), 시스템기능도(SV-4)
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기존의 모델보다 성능이 향상된 기지방어작전 수행 모델을 개발하기 위해서는 복잡성을 단순화하고 불확실
성을 명확하게 표현할 수 있는 EA 개념을 적용하는 것이 필수적이다. 아키텍처 설계에 따른 산출물은 아키
텍처 데이터 수집, 산출물 구성요소와 관련성 식별, 아키텍처 목적에 부합하는 특성간의 관계 모델링 등을
위해 그래픽, 텍스트, 상관표 형태로 작성한다. (표상호, 김기형, 이태공, 2014)
운용개념도(OV-1)는 운용 개념에 대한 고수준의 그래픽 설명을 표현하는 산출물이다. 기지방어작전의 OV-1
을 설명하기 위해서는 기지방어작전의 기본 지침인 작전교리와 교범에서 주요 내용을 도출해야 한다. (표상호,
김기형, 이태공, 2014)

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Low Earth Orbit
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LMO_Dock
HAB_MOI
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MTV_TMI
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System designers are currently using diagrams to explain the system
conops, but these diagrams are usaully developed using drawing
packages like MagicDraw or PowerPoint. (Scotti, R. & Gambhir, S.S.G., 1996)
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※ 행위자 식별 ⇒ 유즈케이스 식별 ⇒ 관계 정의
구 분 내 용 표 기
Use Case

(유즈케이스)
사용자가 인식 가능한 기능(서비스) 단위로써

시스템을 통한 행위자(actor)가 수행하는 일련의 행위
Actor

(행위자)
시스템을 사용하는 외부의 존재이며 사람 또는 시스템,
장치가 될수 있다.
System

(시스템)
전체시스템의 영역을 나타내며 특별한 의미를 가지지
는 않는다.
Association

(연관)
행위자와 유즈케이스간의 상호작용이 있음을 표현한
다.
Include

(포함)
하나의 유즈케이스가 다른 유스케이스의 실행을 전제
로 할때 형성되는 관계이다.
Extend

(확장)
특별한 조건을 만족할때 선택적으로 수행하는 유즈케
이스를 나타낸다.
Generalization

(일반화)
하위 유즈케이스(또는 행위자)가 상위 유즈케이스(또는
행위자)에게 기능/역할을 상속받는다는 의미이다.
Grouping

(그룹화)
여러 개의 유즈케이스를 단순화하는 방법이다.
000한다.
000한다.
000한다.
행위자1
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