ROKN Naval Ship Design

Naval Ship Systems Engineering Capability
of Republic of Korea Navy
MARCH 18, 2016
Jinwon Park

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“Naval Ship Systems Engineering Capability of ROKN”, 2016 NATO SDCG Spring Conference, March 18, 2016, Okpo, South Korea
CONTENTS
Introductions
Defense Acquisition System and Naval Ship Design
Process
ROKN Ship Systems Engineering Capability
KDDX concept design project
Conclusions

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INTRODUCTIONS
History of ROKN Ship Acquisition Programs
1950-60s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
~
operated used-ships given by the US military Assistance Program.
occupied minor repair and modification capability.
began in-house design for high-speed patrol crafts.
Navy led the construction with the naval ship yard and industries.
designed corvettes, frigates and amphibious landing ships.
Navy led defense industries to possess domestic design and construction
capability.
designed large surface combatants such as frigate and destroyer.
began domestic submarine construction.
acquired AEGIS destroyers and AIP submarines with domestic capability.
applied the state-of-art technologies and practices for naval ship design.
expanded export programs, and transfer/donate ships to other navies.

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INTRODUCTIONS
Technology review and trend of ROKN Ship Design Capability
Development period Innovation periodTransition period
1990~2000 / 4,000 ton 2000~2010 / 5,000 ton 2020 afterward / 6,000 ton
• Conventional sensors/guns
• Truss-type ship mast
• No stealth design
• Advanced sensors/missiles(VLS)
• Structure-type ship mast
• Partial stealth design
• Multi-function radar
• Integrated ship mast
• Full stealth design
Simplified top-side design by minimizing sensors and weapons exposed to the exterior
Enhancement of stealth design using the integrated structured ship mast and other tech.
We will provide optimal combat capability for the naval ship operations

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Introductory video-clip about the ROKN capability : abt. 3min.
* Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3cpRlGIia4
INTRODUCTIONS

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Recent Journeys to Foreign Navies
•2011 (USA): NAVSEA HQ, Aberdeen Test Center (ATC), Alion S&T
•2011 (UK / France): QinetiQ, Lloyd Register, UCL / DGA, DCNS, FREMM(ship)
•2012 (USA): NAVSEA HQ, ATC, JCW(J7), Lockheed Martin Lab., etc.
•2012 (UK / Netherlands): BMT co., TYPE45(ship) / DMO, Thales co., TU Delft
•2013 (USA): Alion S&T, L3 Mapps co., ASNE, ABS, NSWC CISD
•2013 (UK / Germany): GE Power conversion / WTD71, TKMS shipyard
•2014 (USA): NAVSEA, L-3, Alion S&T, ASNE Day invitation
•2014 (UK): Lloyd Register, MoD, Babcock shipyard, EURONAVAL 2014, etc.
•2015 (UK): UK Navy HQ, QinetiQ, Naval Damage Control Conference 2015, etc.
INTRODUCTIONS

Defense Acquisition System and
Naval Ship Design Process

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D.A.S. and Ship Design Process
D.A.S. and Ship Design Process: 4-phases, 3 gates and 5 reviews
Main characteristics
•Concurrent development of platform and equipments (sensors, weapons)
•Systems Engineering Management and Technology
* Ship systems integration, lifecycle concerns and cost-effectiveness, etc.
•More focus on early-phase ship design and test and evaluation (T&E)
Feasibility
Studies Business Strategy
Preliminary
Design
Contract
Design
Detail Design
and Construction
PDR CDR
Concept Design
Preliminary
Study
Exploratory
Development
Full Scale
Development
Productionand
Deployment
Operations
and Support
A B C
NAVY DAPA/NAVY/INDUSTRY INDUSTRY / DAPA
JCSC
DAB
• JCSC: Joint Chiefs ofStaffCouncil
• DAB: Defense Acquisition Board
• SRR/SFR : Systems Reqrmts./Functional Review
• PDR: PreliminaryDesignReview
• CDR: Critical Design Review
• PRR: ProductionReadiness Review
• D/R : Design Review
A B C
Program Initiation
SFR PRR
D/R 1 D/R 2
SRR
Navy’s concerns : Requirements synthesis
•In 2006, MND found the DAPA to administer the MDAP, instead of organization of
each military branch.
•With the foundation of DAPA, many changes occurred in the process and Navy’s role

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Discovery of Early-phase Ship Design Methodology: SE + Statistics
Complexity
Randomness
Region 2: “Unorganized complexity” by statistical approach
Region 3: “Organized Complexity”
by systems thinking approach
Region 1:
“Organized Simplicity”
By analytical approach
Early-phase Naval Ship Design Region
•Weinberg (2001) identifies three problem regions occurred in science and technology.
•Generally, naval ship system can be said in organized and complex system.
•However, early-phase naval ship may be placed somewhere between regions 2 and 3.

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PMTE paradigm to explain SE activities
Process
Methods
Tools
Environment
Technology
People
Capabilities
&Limitations
Knowledge,Skills
&Abilities
Supported by
Support
Supported by
Supported by
Support
Support
•Current standards and textbooks just contain “WHAT, but not “HOW” in detail.
•Martin (1996) suggested the process, methods, tools, environment (PMTE) paradigm to
fill the gap between the theory of implementation of SE.

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PROCESS
•The process convention was the centerpiece of early SE planning.
•The process had the effect of fundamentally changing the way people thought and
worked.
•The process served as a roadmap of all tasks, functions and products.
•Using the pre-defined roadmap, no time was lost on defining what do to next and
how to conduct tasks.
•Next slides show the roadmap of early-phase naval ship design, the converging
flow of early-phase ship design alternatives, SE framework, and the input-process-
output (IPO) framework for each SE step.
Pass 1: Concept Definition Pass 2: Concept Exploration Pass 3: Concept Development
• Threats/POEs Analysis
• CONOPs Study
• Design Space Exploration
• Conceptual Baselines
• Modeling and Simulations
• Drawings and Reports
• Acquisition Strategy
• Total Owner Cost Analysis
• RFP draft (ROC, TLR, etc.)
• Functional Baselines
• Design of Experiment
• Design Impact Study
• Design Synthesis and Optimization
• Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• Performance Baselines
CONOPs KPPs Design Drivers Design Options Impact Study Synthesis Optimization Refinement Verification Summary
Design Activity
Operational Analysis
HM&E
Combat System
Stealth/Survivability
Systems Engineering
Management
Requirement
Analysis
Functional Analysis
and Allocation
Design Synthesis
System Analysis
and Control
Reqrmts.
loop
Design
loopVerification
Control/Support
Performance Verification
Navy
(→Industry)
Industry
(→Navy)
Support /
Supported bySupport
Physics-based M&S
Seakeeping analysis
Maneuvering analysis
Vulnerability analysis
Structural analysis,etc.
PROCESS METHODS TOOLS ENVIRONMENT

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<Roadmap of early-phase naval ship design process>
Pass 1: Concept Definition Pass 2: Concept Exploration Pass 3: Concept Development
• Threats/POEs Analysis
• CONOPs Study
• Design Space Exploration
• Conceptual Baselines
• Modeling and Simulations
• Drawings and Reports
• Acquisition Strategy
• Total Owner Cost Analysis
• RFP draft (ROC, TLR, etc.)
• Functional Baselines
• Design of Experiment
• Design Impact Study
• Design Synthesis and Optimization
• Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• Performance Baselines
CONOPs KPPs Design Drivers Design Options Impact Study Synthesis Optimization Refinement Verification Summary
“Three passes and two
or three decision gates”

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PASS 1
(Concept-generation)
study threats, operating environment and concepts of operations (CONOPs).
use design space exploration (DSE) and statistical softwares.
conduct operational requirements review (ORR) and produce two or more
conceptual baselines.
usually take two months to complete.
PASS 2
(Concept-
exploration)
produce potential design alternatives (100-10,000) based on ORR results.
allocate each alternative’s performance index to an effectiveness model.
use design of experiments (DOE) and synthesis tool with impact analysis.
conduct alternative system review (ASR) and produce one to three
performance baseline(s).
usually take five months depending on the complexity of the ship.
PASS 3
(Concept-
development)
further develop the performance baseline(s) in physics.
produce drawings and reports (35-50).
produce functional baseline(s) with lifecycle cost and acquisition strategy.
usually take three to five months.

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<Example of Concept Design Flow>
•The example shows “Create Choices and Make Choice” principle in an early-
phase naval ship design.

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Design Activity
Operational Analysis
HM&E
Combat System
Stealth/Survivability
Systems Engineering
Management
Requirement
Analysis
Functional Analysis
and Allocation
Design Synthesis
System Analysis
and Control
Reqrmts.
loop
Design
loopVerification
Control/Support
Performance Verification
Navy
(→Industry)
Industry
(→Navy)
Support /
Supported bySupport
Physics-based M&S
Seakeeping analysis
Maneuvering analysis
Vulnerability analysis
Structural analysis,etc.
<SE framework based on MIL-STD-499B>

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INPUT Draft ROCs, User’s needs, Study guidance, etc.
PROCESS
OUTPUT RVM, Requirement diagram, Feasible design ranges, Design drivers, etc.
▸ The Input, Process and Output (IPO) framework of Requirement Analysis(RA)

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INPUT All from the “RA”
PROCESS
OUTPUT OMOE model, Design Options, Functional Architecture, etc.
▸ The IPO framework of Functional Analysis and Allocation (FAA)

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INPUT All from the “RA” and “FAA”
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Requirements Allocation Sheet, Design Alternatives, Physical
Architecture, etc.
▸ The IPO framework of Design Synthesis (DS)

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Requirement Analysis Design SynthesisFunctional Analysis and Allocation
▸ Outputs of SE activities

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METHODS
METHODSPROCESS TOOLS ENVIRONMENT
•The methods support the process. The effective application of methods
ensure the quality of decision making.
•The design space exploration (DSE) provides ROM feasible design ranges
at less cost and shorter time.
•The set-based design (SBD) is the most creative part of the PMTE
paradigm to produce mutually agreeable design solutions.
* with the real-time dynamic discussion with an automated tool
•The system architecting models the overall behaviors of the ship systems,
addressing large context issues.
* intellectually traceable between components, functions, and requirements

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<Design Space Exploration>
•Define: defines the purpose and scope of
the DES analysis
•Measure: define Xs and Ys, conduct
correlation analysis and distribution
analysis
•Analyze: perform main effect analysis
between Xs and Ys, then find vital few Xs
via ANOVA and screening test
•Improve: develop meta-models of Ys
using regression analysis and obtain
optimized Ys
•Control: fully explore feasible design
ranges by means with standard deviations
or interquartile ranges (IQRs)

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Time
Design Space
All Options
Must Criteria
Want Criteria
Optimal Solution
<Set-Based Ship Design>
•Delay decision making as late as possible
•Explore design range
•Use visual-aid to support decision making
•Generate creative design alternatives
•Reduce late-time reworks
•Allow flexibility in applying requirements
•Support decision making with visual and
dynamic-aid

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<Example of Set-Based Ship Design>

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<Model-Based Systems Engineering>
•MBSE plays an important role in modeling systems of systems (SOSs): System
Architecting
•The visual and real-time characteristics of MBSE make it useful for managing design.
complexity, particularly in verifying the interoperability between sensors and weapons.
* MBSE support the
whole process of
review, analysis and
decision making
from RA to DS.
* MND-AF 1.2

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TOOLS
▸ Statistical S/W: JMP, Minitab, R, etc.
▸ SyStem Architecting S/W: CORE, OmniGraffle, Powerpoint
TOOLSPROCESS METHODS ENVIRONMENT
•The tools support the process and methods in effective manner.

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▸ Design Synthesis tool: Excel w/ macro, PIDO, HHI PISSON, etc.
▸ Effectiveness Analysis : AHP, UFM, AAW Simulator, ASW analysis
▸ Miscellaneous: SWOT analysis, GAP analysis, TRIZ, Weighted Pugh Matrix,
Design Structure Matrix (DSM), etc.
TOOLSPROCESS METHODS ENVIRONMENT

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Environment
ENVIRONMENTPROCESS METHODS TOOLS
Lecture Contents
Module1 Introduction
⋅ Systems Engineering (general)
⋅ Total Ship System Perspective
Module2 Requirement Analysis
⋅ Requirement Development
⋅ Requirement Analysis
⋅ Requirement Verification
Module3 Functional Analysis
and Allocation
⋅ Functional Decomposition and Analysis
⋅ Functional Allocation
Module4 ⋅ Functional and Physical Architecture
Module5
Design Synthesis
⋅ OMOE Hierarchy
⋅ Analysis of System Alternatives
Module6
⋅ Metrics and Weights (AHP, etc.)
⋅ Design of Experiment and Optimization
Module7
System Analysis
and Control
⋅ Risk management
⋅ Cost Analysis
⋅ Requirement Trace
⋅ Design Reviews (SRR, SFR, PDR, and CDR)
Module8 ⋅ Breakdown Structures (WBS, etc.)
Module9 ⋅ Maturity Assessment (TRL, etc.)
•The PMT cannot exist without an SE-friendly environment.
▸ NSSE course for ROKN engineering duty officers

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ENVIRONMENTPROCESS METHODS TOOLS
▸ Learning organization with common visions
•Short courses, Certified Systems Engineering Manager, Papers/Presentations
▸ Effective collaboration between Navy and Industries
•Many business trips to shipyard or Navy office : 20 times per year
▸ Multidisciplinary team
•30-50 members
•30% navy officers, 50%
civilian engineers, and
20% government agents

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KDDX Concept Design Project

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KDDX Concept Design Project
KDDX project was the first co-design project in our country.
We incorporated several new system design methods and tools in the
project, transcending the boundaries of traditional naval engineering.
•Design of Experiments (DOE), Set-Based Ship Design, System Architecting, Pareto
optimization, etc.
•patented “Puzzling Method” for shaping ship the exterior
We saw the possibility of collaboration between Navy and industries
in harmony.
KDDX project motivated us to continue the process improvement via
subsequent design projects.
•Enhance the integrated design capability of platform and weapons/sensors/crews/s.w/etc.
•Customize systems engineering technologies to the ROK ship design capability and
environment.
•Induce the development of our ship synthesis program, Naval ship design environment.
•Collaborated in a very friendly environment for the common vision and goal

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Conclusions
The PMTE paradigm helps us achieve a mutual understanding
between all persons involved in the co-design projects.
The PMTE paradigm was well tailored to the ROK ship design capability
and environment.
•SE technologies, SBD application, MBSE application and Multidisciplinary team
However, the PMTE paradigm discussed by no means represents the
final word on the naval ship systems engineering.
We will continuously evolve the ROK early-phase naval ship design
capability, since future ship design projects will also likely incorporate
continuous acquisition reform.
•The key of success was knowledge sharing across disciplines

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Q & A
Thank you for your patience

ROKN Naval Ship Design

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