M1 CTec1 BMat Rep1

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
MARCH INTAKE 2015
SEMESTER 1
MEASUREMENT I (QSB60104)
MS. ANG FUEY LIN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I (BLD60104)
MS. AZRINA MD YAAKOB
BULDING MATERIALS (BLD62003)
MS. MYZATUL AISHAH KAMARAZRLY
Construction Site Report
CHUANG JING 0322934
CONSTRUCTION SITE VISIT REPORT
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
JULY’15
By

1Construction Site Report
Measurement I, Construction Technology I, Building Material
CJg
TABLE OF CONTENT
A. Cover 0
B. Table of Content 1
C. Objective 2
D. Introduction 3
E. Content / Technical Observations 4~8
F. Photo and Description 9~20
G. Learning outcome / Conclusion 21

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OBJECTIVE
Witness the actual construction process and the usage of
construction equipment on site.
Understand the practical aspect of construction techniques and its
application on site in comparison to the theory aspect in books.
Understand the importance of teamwork in the building team and
able to communicate well with the construction team members
on site
Able to identify various types of building materials and
construction technology on site.
Awareness of the importance of safety and rules on site

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Introduction
In this individual assignment, we are required to make a site report of the combination
of three subjects: Measurement I, Construction Technology I and Building Material. The site
that we visit is organized by Ms. Ang, my Measurement I lecturer, at the same time she is
our program director. It is called The Andes which is a free hold development located in
Jalan Mas 1, Bukit Jalil, 58200 Kuala Lumpur.
We had visited the site on 26th
June 2015 by 2 buses. As the constructor demanded us to
divide into two groups for safety reasons, I had attended at the time of 9am to 10am and
another group is from 10am to 11am. 53 students and 3 lecturers had attended this site
visit. Besides, safety helmet, long pants, sport shoe were required while enter the
construction area.
After a brief talk given by the project manager, James Siow, we were being leaded to
visit around the site by project supervisors and relevant skilled workers. They had explained
to us about the construction progress and we can just ask them if we have any questions.
The Andes is made of two residential unit types, condominium and villa terrace.
Standing at a height of 25 storeys, there are two condominium blocks will be seen beside the
triple-storey villa terrace which will have extra garden space. The condominiums consist of
353 units, all with built-up sizes from 1,105 to 1,842 sf; the villa terrace consist of 22 units
with dimension sizes in 22 ft x 100 ft and 33 ft x 100 ft. The land area is 6.25 acres. The
launch price of condominium is about RM685,000 - RM1,652,000 and RM1,600,000 -
RM2,249,061 for villa terrace.
We were lucky to have the opportunity to observe the site clearance, earthworks,
construction of bored piles and pile caps works. But we were not be able to investigate in
the built-up building as it is just the starting works. It is currently expected to be completed
in 2018.
Figure 1. Artist impression of The
Andes Condo
Figure 2. The Andes Condo site plan

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Content / Technical Observations
Construction Technology I
Type of foundation
The foundation they used (for the two blocks of condominium) is pile foundation. At the
time we visit, we can only see a few pile foundation there and luckily, that was the largest
pile cap in the site which is rare to be seen in construction site – 24BP1200A – 24 piles
1200m2 each size in a pile cap.
Foundation for the villa terrace haven’t been construct yet, we didn’t get the project report
for villa terrace hence we don’t know what is the type of its foundation.
Pile foundation
A deep foundation where the transfer of load to the soil is at a level much below the lowest
floor of a building.
Use when
1. The ground conditions are incapable of supporting structural loads (impractical to
use shallow foundation at an economic depth)
2. The load of the super structure is heavy and its distribution is uneven
3. The top soil has poor bearing capacity
4. The subsoil water level is high
5. There is large fluctuations in subsoil water level
6. Canal or deep drainage lines exist near the foundation
7. The structure is situated at the sea shore or river bed
Advantages and disadvantages of pile foundation:
Advantages Disadvantages
1. Suitability in soft, unstable
environments and its maximum
drilling depth
2. Prevent uplift force
3. Reduce excessive settlement
(consolidation)
4. High load capacities, corrosion
resistance can be attained, hard
driving possible
5. Cylinder piles in particular are
suited for bending resistance
1. Alternate freezing thawing causing
concrete piles damages in the
underground
2. If the piles is not driven deep in the
underground, it will lead to need to
be removed out and thus resulting
in concrete aggregates form
3. Noisy installation method can
cause environmental impact
4. Vibration can cause neighboring
properties
5. Costly

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As we can see in the progress report no.28, the type of piling work used in this project is
bored piling.
What is Bored Pile?
1. Another type of reinforced concrete pile
2. Used to support tall building, massive industrial complexes or bridge work which
require foundations that can bear the load of thousands of tons
3. Used most probably in unstable or difficult soil conditions.
4. Cast-in-place concrete pile where the bored piles have to be cast on the
construction site, while other concrete piles like Spun Pile and Reinforced Concrete
Square Pile are precast concrete piles.
5. Cast by using bored piling machine which has specially designed drilling tools,
buckets and grabs, it is used to remove the soil and rock.
6. Required specialist bored piling contractor, normal piling contractor cannot execute
these type of work without experience and knowledge about bored piles.
7. Produces little vibration and lower noise level.
Figure 3. A field of
bored piles – A
bored piling
machine was
drilling a pile shaft
– Foundation of a
new bridge
abutment
Figure 4. Stages in the
construction of large
diameter bored pile with
under ream

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Photo 1. The biggest pile cap in site –
24BP1200A
Photo 2. The detail photo of a precast
concrete piles – The reinforcement
bars exposed on the pile
Photo 3. Prefabricated reinforcement
bars for pile cap was being put at the
corner side
Photo 4. Pile foundation was covered
by slab after completed – After that,
column was constructed above the
slab – No column stump in this project

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Figure5.PilecapplanofBlockAand
BlockB(forcondominiumonly)

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Building Material
Reinforced Concrete
In reinforced concrete, the components works together to resist many types of loading.
Concrete resists compression and steel reinforcement resists tension forces.
According to Yunusa (2011) every concrete has its strength in N/mm2 when subject to test
after 28 days of curing in any medium. The choice of concrete grade, depends on the usage:
Concrete Grade
N/mm2
Ratio Cement, Sand and
Aggregates
Usage
10 1 : 4 : 8 Blinding concrete
15 1 : 3 : 6 Mass concrete
20 1 : 2 : 5 : 5 Light reinforced concrete
25 1 : 2 : 4 Reinforced concrete/precast
30 1 : 1 : 5 : 3 Heavy Reinforced concrete/pre-cast
35 1 : 1 : 5 : 2 Pre-stressed/pre-cast concrete
40 1 : 1 : 1 Very heavy reinforced concrete/pre-cast/pre-
stressed
Figure 6. Concrete Grade Designation
Different building elements may use different type of reinforced concrete grade, in this
project:
1. Column : Reinforced concrete grade 45
2. Beam : Reinforced concrete grade 35
3. Slab : Reinforced concrete grade 35
4. Pile cap : Reinforced concrete grade 30
5. Concrete cover : Reinforced concrete grade 35
Advantages and disadvantages of high grade reinforced concrete:
Advantages Disadvantages
1. Have high compressive strength
compared to other lower grade
reinforced concrete.
2. Lesser reinforcement bar
3. Due to the provided reinforcement,
reinforced concrete can also
withstand a better amount of
tensile stress.
4. Fire and weather resistance of
reinforced concrete is fairer than
lower grade reinforced concrete.
5. As high grade reinforced concrete
is more widely used in precast
structural components.
6. It yields more rigid members with
minimum apparent deflection.
1. The tensile strength of reinforced
concrete is about one-tenth of its
compressive strength.
2. The main steps of using reinforced
concrete are mixing, casting, and
curing. All of this affect the final
strength.
3. The cost of the forms used for
casting high grade reinforced
concrete is relatively higher.
4. For multistoried building the
RCC(Reinforced Cement Concrete)
column section for is larger than
steel section as the compressive
strength is lower in the case of RCC.

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Photos and Descriptions
Photo 5. Main entrance – This is the
back entrance, the front entrance
which is at another side have a
problem of the road are too narrow
Photo 6. Project information board
Photo 7. The project manager, James
Siow were greeting us, shaking hands
with our lecturer, Ms. Ang
Photo 9. Overall look of Block B – Two
rows of aluminium stairs going down
to the excavated area of block B –
Work below lowest floor level
Photo 8. Overall look from road
entrance – Surrounded by condos,
terrace, factories, so it is important to
prevent disturbance to the residence
Photo 10. Guard house beside the
main entrance – Security concerns –
Allow someone to monitor the
location

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Photo 11. Site office (left) and
temporary accommodation for
workers (right)
Photo 12. Steel mat for
vehicle/machine wheel wash – Ensure
the public road is clean when the
vehicle/machine leave from site
Photo 13. Barricade tape is tightened
with wood strips warning the passers-
by of the site containing a possible
hazard.
Photo 14. Wood strips, sawn timber
board for formwork and some treated
timber are gathered on an area of the
site
Photo 16. Separation layer (blue
panel) for formwork – Saves on waste
concrete and used as a base to
support insulation materials
Photo 15. Sheet piling – an earth
retention and excavation support
technique that retains soil, using steel
sheet sections with interlocking edges

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Photo 17. An upside-down water tank
in front of the entrance with some
pipes.
Photo 18. Tower crane base
Photo 19. Big size of stirrups 24d Photo 20. Some wood strips covering a
hole to avoid people accidentally step
in
Photo 22. Hoarding as temporary
fencing – Solid panels – Keeps
unauthorized personnel out of a site –
Prevent injuries and theft
Photo 21. A lot of tools and equipment
were put on the table in site office

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Photo 23. Wheelbarrow – Enabling the
convenient carriage of heavier and
bulkier concrete, sand, stone or bricks
Photo 24. A bunch of very long straight
reinforcement bars
Photo 25. Concrete Spacers – Prevent
rebars from fire to certain length of
time – Provide proper transfer of
stresses from concrete to steel rebars
Photo 26. Rebar is tied together using
wire to hold the perpendicular bars in
columns tight – Prevent the rebars
from racking or moving diagonally
Photo 28. After scribing the size of the
column, foot rim are nailed on the
bottom to mark the line of the area of
the column – Using thick strip wood
Photo 27. Traditional timber formwork
for column

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Photo 29. Adequate bracing and
shoring is necessary to prevent
formwork collapse
Photo 30. Construction grade plastic
sheet – Moisture barrier – laid above
completed slab – Protect it from water
which is poured on the surface of site
Photo 31. High speed cut off machine
with abrasive blade used for cutting
masonry, tile or steel materials
Photo 32. Power float – Instead of
hand trowel to apply a smooth finish
to concrete slabs
Photo 34. An independent links 24d
were founded on site
Photo 33. Reinforcement bar mat for
basement floor slab – Minimum 25mm
spacer shall be placed between layers
if there are two layers or more

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Photo 35. Reinforcement bent bars 5d
for basement floor slab
Photo 36. Hand-made timber cutter
Photo 37. Starter bar 40d/42d of a
completed half-way column
Photo 38. Hollow square bar are fixed
to timber formwork to strengthen the
support to avoid displacement
Photo 40. Different length of hollow
square bar put on site
Photo 39. Reinforcement bars for
scaffolding – They erects scaffolding
themselves instead of buying – Save
more cost

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Photo 41. Independent scaffolding -
Does not supported by building – Two
parallel rows of standards at about 1m
apart tied by transoms
Photo 42. Plump bob – Used as a
vertical reference line – To secure the
formwork is vertical (90 degree)
Photo 43. Lift formwork construction –
The timber formwork are ready to be
dismantled as the concrete is already
cured
Photo 44. Scaffolding bracing
Photo 46. The skilled labour was
demonstrating the use of an anchor
bolts
Photo 45. There were many holes
created purposely on the column to
insert and tie anchor bolts – Make the
column more firm

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Photo 47. Dumpy level – A surveying
tool which must situated horizontally –
Use to measure height differences and
so transfer, measure and set heights
Photo 48. Hollow steel shaft
Photo 49. Wilding generator machine–
Offered provide for practical usage as
auxiliary generating sets for meeting
the supply demands of electricity
Photo 50. A bunch of binders were
prepared there
Photo 52. Air compressor – Provide
efficient power to construction tools
and machinery – Pressurize air enables
power to be transmitted via hoses
Photo 51. Heavy duty steel wire –
Heavy industrial use, marine rope
rigging, cable railing, architectural
cables, balustrades, cable display
systems

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Photo 53. Gravel / sand strainer - to
separate a particular size of stones
present in the sand
Photo 54. Blinding concrete plate –
Molds to make own concrete bar
spacers for the project – Save
development costs
Photo 55. Blinding concrete after
curing will be cut into standard size of
a concrete spacer
Photo 56. Silver-color cured concrete
on the surface of site
Photo 58. An opened cement bag is
used as mixture for concrete of
spacers
Photo 57. Different thickness of
concrete spacers – 30~35mm:
construction above ground level;
>50mm: construction below ground lv

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Photo 59. Concrete piles left on site Photo 60. Geometrical form of beam –
Selection of beams are based on span,
loading conditions: I cross section
(left), channel cross section (right)
Photo 61. Site progress report sheet
no.28
Photo 62. Overall look of Block A –
Reinforcement bar for column
formwork – No column stumps in this
project
Photo 64. Bar bender cutter – Cut and
bend reinforcement bars into various
forms of round bar – Minimized the
use of manual labor, save cost
Photo 63. Water disposal on site

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Photo 65. Mass disposal on site Photo 66. Steel beam
Photo 67. Power shovel – Excavate the
earth to load the trucks – Capable of
digging very hard material
Photo 68. Crawler crane – Allow to lift
such enormous loads is a
counterweight– Versatile on all types
of ground and weather
Photo 70. Rotational hydraulic shears
and rock breakers attached to
excavators
Photo 69. Dump trucks – Modern
dumpers have payloads of up to 10
tons and usually steer by articulating
at the middle of the chassis

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Photo 71. Oxy-fuel cutter – Cutting
process by chemical reaction
with oxygen at high temperatures for
cutting mild steels, low alloyed steels
Photo 72. Excavator – Heavy
construction equipment for digging of
trenches or pit, landscaping, river
dredging
Photo 73. Fuel injector gun stand in
fuel barrel – Fuel for construction
equipment / machine
Photo 74. Uninstalled components of a
tower crane

CJg
Learning Outcome / Conclusion
For site visit, this is my first time experience. I am able to practice what I have learnt
from all lecture classes on the actual working construction site. Theory and application
of construction techniques from lecture notes and lecturers combined with this practical
experience are really precious to me as I can apply the knowledge more proficiently
from time to time when I visit more. Besides, I get to know more about construction
like their safety and rules, soil test, site investigation, water level system, job of
contractor, project management, and subcontractor etc. what I should know as being a
future quantity surveyor. I am happy that I was able to identify the building material
and construction technology on site. Also, I was lucky to get the opportunities to chat
with a subcontractor. His name is CJ which is same as me, what a coincidence! He tell us
a lot, about his experience and some QS job details. So appreciate his generosity and I
learnt a lot which cannot be acquired from books. Hopefully I can meet him in the
future. On the other hand, the environment on site is hot and dusty, it seems so
unhealthy to the workers who staying there, but it’s another exposure for me to the
actual working environment. Hope that we can have more opportunity to participate
in site visit even after semester one.
For site report after the visit, I have been more curious about all the tools and
equipment used in construction. Although it take times to learn and see, I am excited
that one day I could know everything in site when I visit the site again. It also improve
my searching technique. But English standard is very important, right key words lead to
great results. As a Chinese high school student, I didn’t try hard to learn English
language that time and I am regretting. Now it’s time to me to learn my English
better!
To conclude this individual assignment (last assignment in semester one, it is like
conclude the whole semester what I have learnt), I appreciate it very much. Appreciate
for the exposure I gained this time. Appreciate to have good quality lecturers in
semester one so I have learnt so much. Appreciate friends I have met along my
university life which always help me a lot. Appreciate Taylors’ University provide
quantity surveying course and I had the chance to choose it. Appreciate my parents
letting me study. Appreciate I done my first individual report and received so many
things!!! Thank you.
2th July 2015

M1 CTec1 BMat Rep1

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