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La temperatura final de la admisión 𝑇𝑘 = 𝑇𝑜
𝑻𝒂 =
𝑻𝒐 + ∆𝑻 + 𝜸𝒓𝑻𝒓
𝟏 + 𝜸𝒓
𝑻𝒂 =
𝟐𝟖𝟖 + (𝟐𝟕𝟑 + 𝟑𝟎) + (𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖 × 𝟖𝟓𝟎)
𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖
𝑻𝒂 = 𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟒𝟗°𝑲
Para el rendimiento volumétrico se utiliza𝑻𝒌 = 𝑻𝒐 y 𝝆𝟎 = 𝝆𝒌 . 𝑨𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝝋 = 𝝋𝟏 =
𝝋𝟐 = 𝟏.
𝒏𝒗 =
𝜺
𝜺 − 𝟏
×
𝑷𝒂
𝑷𝒐
×
𝑻𝒐
𝑻𝒂(𝟏 + 𝜸𝒓)
𝒏𝒗 =
𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟓 − 𝟏
×
𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟗
𝟎. 𝟏
×
𝟐𝟖𝟖
𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟒𝟗(𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖)
𝒏𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐
5. Parámetros del proceso de compresión, adoptamos el exponente politrópico 𝒏𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓
Presión final de compresión
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑷𝒂 × 𝜺𝒏𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟗 × 𝟏𝟓𝟏.𝟑𝟓
𝑃𝑐 = 3.44𝑀𝑃𝑎
Temperatura al final de compresión
𝑇𝑐 = 𝑻𝒂 × 𝜺𝒏𝟏−𝟏
= 𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟒𝟗 × 𝟏𝟓𝟏.𝟑𝟓−𝟏
𝑇𝑐 = 1567.37°𝐾
5. Parámetros del proceso de combustión
El coeficiente real de variación molecular
μr =
M2 + 𝜸𝒓
M1
M1 1 + 𝜸𝒓
=
μ0 + 𝜸𝒓
1 + 𝜸𝒓
μr =
1.04 + 0.068
1 + 0.068
= 1.037 ≈ 1.04
Energía interna de una mol de aire
De la tabla del libro de motores de automóviles del autor Jóvaj, μcv = 22.408 y tc = 699
uc = μcv x tc
uc = 22.408x 699 = 15663.192 KJ/Kmol
Energía interna de los productos de combustión
u"
c = u"
c α=1
x ΥM2 α=1 + ucΥea
La energía interna de productos de combustión a la temperatura Tc con α = 1, u"
c α=1
=
17513 KJ/Kmol y uc = 1566 KJ/Kmol, estos valores nos proporcionan el libro de motores
de automóviles del autor Jóvaj.
Reemplazando en la ecuación:
u"
c = 17513 x
0.51
0.70
+ 1566 x
0.1996
0.70
u"
c = 13206 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
Temperatura al final de la combustión
Para calcular la temperatura de combustión, se tiene que calcular la energía interna, ya
que es una función de la temperatura de combustión y calor especifico, por eso está
ecuación puede resolver aplicando el método de las aproximaciones sucesivas.
Fórmula de la energía interna:
u"
z = u"
m2 γm2 + u"
ea γea
Si: 𝐓𝐳 = 2173°K (𝐓𝐳 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎°𝑪)
u"
z = u"
m2 γm2 + u"
ea γea
u"
z = 54931 𝑥
0.51
0.70
+ 47813 𝑥
0.1996
0.70
u"
z = 53654.69 KJ/Kmol
Reemplazando
u"
z + 8.314 × Tz = 53654.69 + 8.314 × 2173 = 71721.012
u"
z1 = 71721.012𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
Si: 𝐓𝐳 = 2273°K (𝐓𝐳 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎°𝑪)
u"
z = u"
m2 γm2 + u"
ea γea
u"
z = 58193 𝑥
0.51
0.70
+ 50660 𝑥
0.1996
0.70
u"
z = 56843.09 KJ/Kmol
Reemplazando
u"
z + 8.314 × Tz = 56843.09 + 8.314 × 2273 = 75740.812
u"
z1 = 75740.812 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
La temperatura de combustión se encuentra entre 2200 y 2300 K, pero al momento de
usar las tablas, los valores de la temperatura ya dados son de 2173 y 2273 K, es por eso
que de forma analítica la temperatura al final de proceso de combustión: Tz= 2271K
El coeficiente de expansión preliminar se obtiene de la siguiente manera, para ello signamos el grado de
elevación de la presión λ=1.8
𝜌 =
𝜇𝑟 × Tz
λ × Tc
=
1.04 × 2271
1.8 × 1567.37
= 0.84
Presión máxima de combustión
Pz = λ x Pz
Pz = 1.8 x 3.44
Pz = 6.192 MPa
5. Parámetros del proceso de expansión
El grado de expansión posterior
δ =
ε
ρ
=
15
0.84
δ = 17.86
La temperatura al final de la expansión
Al tratarse de un motor diésel, usamos el exponente politrópico η2 = 1.23
Tb =
Tz
δη2−1
Tb =
2271
17.861.23−1
Tb = 1170.27°K
Presión final a la expansión
Pb =
pz
δη2
Pb =
6.192 MPa
17.861.23
Pb = 0.18 MPa
5. La presión media indicada del ciclo se encuentra por:
Pinr = Pa x
εη1
ε − 1
λ ρ − 1 +
λ x ρ
η2 − 1
1 −
1
δη2−1
−
1
η1 − 1
1 −
1
εη1−1
Pinr = 0.089 x
151.35
15 − 1
1.8 0.84 − 1 +
1.8 x 0.84
1.23 − 1
1 −
1
17.861.23−1
−
1
1.35 − 1
1 −
1
151.35−1
Pinr = 0.28 MPa
Presión media indicada del ciclo real
Pi = ψi x Pinr
De la tabla del libro de motores de automóviles del autor Jóvaj, ψi toma el valor de 0.95
Reemplazando en la fórmula de la presión media:
Pi = 0.95 x 0.28 MPa
Pi = 0.266 MPa
10. Parámetros principales del ciclo
Fracción de presión indicada para vencer la fricción
Pm = 0.105 + 0.012 x vP
De la tabla del libro de motores de automóviles del autor Jóvaj, vP toma el valor de 10 m/s
Pm = 0.105 + 0.012 x 10
Pm = 0.225 MPa
La presión efectiva
Pe = Pi−Pm
Pe = 0.266 − 0.225 = 0.041𝑀𝑃𝑎
Rendimiento mecánico
ηm =
Pe
Pi
ηm =
0.041
0.266
ηm = 0.15
Consumo especifico indicado de combustible
gi = 3600 x
ηV x ρ0
Pi x αL0
gi = 3600 x
0.42 x 1.209
0.266 x1.4 × 13.84
𝐠𝐢 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝐠/𝐊𝐖𝐡
Consumo efectivo de combustible
𝐠𝐞 =
𝐠𝐢
𝛈𝐦
𝐠𝐞 =
𝟑𝟓𝟓
𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
𝐠𝐞 = 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝐠/𝐊𝐖𝐡
Rendimiento indicado del ciclo
𝛈𝐢 =
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝐠𝐢 𝐱 𝐇𝐔
𝛈𝐢 =
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝐱 𝟒𝟓
𝛈𝐢 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑
Rendimiento efectivo del ciclo
𝛈𝐞 = 𝛈𝐢 𝐱 𝛈𝐦
𝛈𝐞 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝐱 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
𝛈𝐞 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟓
Consumo horario de combustible es
𝐆𝐜 = 𝐠𝐞 𝐱 𝐍𝐞
𝐆𝐜 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝐱 𝟕𝟏
𝐆𝐜 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟎𝟓𝟕 𝐤𝐠/𝐡
10. Dimensiones principales del motor
𝒊𝑽𝒉 =
𝟑𝟎𝑵𝒆𝝉
Pe𝑛
𝒊𝑽𝒉 =
𝟑𝟎 × 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟒
𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟏 × 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝑽𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟗 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑳
Volumen de trabajo de un cilindro:
𝑽𝒉 =
𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝟔
= 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟑 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟕𝑳
Adoptamos 𝑆/𝐷 = 𝐽 = 1,0. Entonces:
𝑫 =
𝟒𝑽𝒉
𝝅𝑱
𝟑
𝑫 =
𝟒 × 𝟏𝟕
𝝅 × 𝟏
𝟑
𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟖𝒅𝒎 = 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝒎𝒎
Elegimos D= 280mm. De aquí para 𝑽𝒉 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟒𝑳 𝒚 𝑺 = 𝟐𝟖𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝒗𝒑 =
𝑺 𝒏
𝟑𝟎
=
𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟓 × 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟎
= 𝟏𝟗𝒎/𝒔

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Calculos ppt

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. La temperatura final de la admisión 𝑇𝑘 = 𝑇𝑜 𝑻𝒂 = 𝑻𝒐 + ∆𝑻 + 𝜸𝒓𝑻𝒓 𝟏 + 𝜸𝒓 𝑻𝒂 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖 + (𝟐𝟕𝟑 + 𝟑𝟎) + (𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖 × 𝟖𝟓𝟎) 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖 𝑻𝒂 = 𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟒𝟗°𝑲 Para el rendimiento volumétrico se utiliza𝑻𝒌 = 𝑻𝒐 y 𝝆𝟎 = 𝝆𝒌 . 𝑨𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝝋 = 𝝋𝟏 = 𝝋𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝒏𝒗 = 𝜺 𝜺 − 𝟏 × 𝑷𝒂 𝑷𝒐 × 𝑻𝒐 𝑻𝒂(𝟏 + 𝜸𝒓) 𝒏𝒗 = 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟏 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟗 𝟎. 𝟏 × 𝟐𝟖𝟖 𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟒𝟗(𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟖) 𝒏𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 5. Parámetros del proceso de compresión, adoptamos el exponente politrópico 𝒏𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 Presión final de compresión 𝑃𝑐 = 𝑷𝒂 × 𝜺𝒏𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟗 × 𝟏𝟓𝟏.𝟑𝟓 𝑃𝑐 = 3.44𝑀𝑃𝑎 Temperatura al final de compresión 𝑇𝑐 = 𝑻𝒂 × 𝜺𝒏𝟏−𝟏 = 𝟔𝟎𝟕. 𝟒𝟗 × 𝟏𝟓𝟏.𝟑𝟓−𝟏 𝑇𝑐 = 1567.37°𝐾
  • 5. 5. Parámetros del proceso de combustión El coeficiente real de variación molecular μr = M2 + 𝜸𝒓 M1 M1 1 + 𝜸𝒓 = μ0 + 𝜸𝒓 1 + 𝜸𝒓 μr = 1.04 + 0.068 1 + 0.068 = 1.037 ≈ 1.04 Energía interna de una mol de aire De la tabla del libro de motores de automóviles del autor Jóvaj, μcv = 22.408 y tc = 699 uc = μcv x tc uc = 22.408x 699 = 15663.192 KJ/Kmol Energía interna de los productos de combustión u" c = u" c α=1 x ΥM2 α=1 + ucΥea La energía interna de productos de combustión a la temperatura Tc con α = 1, u" c α=1 = 17513 KJ/Kmol y uc = 1566 KJ/Kmol, estos valores nos proporcionan el libro de motores de automóviles del autor Jóvaj. Reemplazando en la ecuación: u" c = 17513 x 0.51 0.70 + 1566 x 0.1996 0.70 u" c = 13206 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
  • 6. Temperatura al final de la combustión Para calcular la temperatura de combustión, se tiene que calcular la energía interna, ya que es una función de la temperatura de combustión y calor especifico, por eso está ecuación puede resolver aplicando el método de las aproximaciones sucesivas. Fórmula de la energía interna: u" z = u" m2 γm2 + u" ea γea Si: 𝐓𝐳 = 2173°K (𝐓𝐳 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎°𝑪) u" z = u" m2 γm2 + u" ea γea u" z = 54931 𝑥 0.51 0.70 + 47813 𝑥 0.1996 0.70 u" z = 53654.69 KJ/Kmol Reemplazando u" z + 8.314 × Tz = 53654.69 + 8.314 × 2173 = 71721.012 u" z1 = 71721.012𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙 Si: 𝐓𝐳 = 2273°K (𝐓𝐳 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎°𝑪) u" z = u" m2 γm2 + u" ea γea u" z = 58193 𝑥 0.51 0.70 + 50660 𝑥 0.1996 0.70 u" z = 56843.09 KJ/Kmol
  • 7. Reemplazando u" z + 8.314 × Tz = 56843.09 + 8.314 × 2273 = 75740.812 u" z1 = 75740.812 𝐾𝐽/𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙 La temperatura de combustión se encuentra entre 2200 y 2300 K, pero al momento de usar las tablas, los valores de la temperatura ya dados son de 2173 y 2273 K, es por eso que de forma analítica la temperatura al final de proceso de combustión: Tz= 2271K El coeficiente de expansión preliminar se obtiene de la siguiente manera, para ello signamos el grado de elevación de la presión λ=1.8 𝜌 = 𝜇𝑟 × Tz λ × Tc = 1.04 × 2271 1.8 × 1567.37 = 0.84 Presión máxima de combustión Pz = λ x Pz Pz = 1.8 x 3.44 Pz = 6.192 MPa 5. Parámetros del proceso de expansión El grado de expansión posterior δ = ε ρ = 15 0.84 δ = 17.86
  • 8. La temperatura al final de la expansión Al tratarse de un motor diésel, usamos el exponente politrópico η2 = 1.23 Tb = Tz δη2−1 Tb = 2271 17.861.23−1 Tb = 1170.27°K Presión final a la expansión Pb = pz δη2 Pb = 6.192 MPa 17.861.23 Pb = 0.18 MPa 5. La presión media indicada del ciclo se encuentra por: Pinr = Pa x εη1 ε − 1 λ ρ − 1 + λ x ρ η2 − 1 1 − 1 δη2−1 − 1 η1 − 1 1 − 1 εη1−1 Pinr = 0.089 x 151.35 15 − 1 1.8 0.84 − 1 + 1.8 x 0.84 1.23 − 1 1 − 1 17.861.23−1 − 1 1.35 − 1 1 − 1 151.35−1 Pinr = 0.28 MPa
  • 9. Presión media indicada del ciclo real Pi = ψi x Pinr De la tabla del libro de motores de automóviles del autor Jóvaj, ψi toma el valor de 0.95 Reemplazando en la fórmula de la presión media: Pi = 0.95 x 0.28 MPa Pi = 0.266 MPa 10. Parámetros principales del ciclo Fracción de presión indicada para vencer la fricción Pm = 0.105 + 0.012 x vP De la tabla del libro de motores de automóviles del autor Jóvaj, vP toma el valor de 10 m/s Pm = 0.105 + 0.012 x 10 Pm = 0.225 MPa La presión efectiva Pe = Pi−Pm Pe = 0.266 − 0.225 = 0.041𝑀𝑃𝑎 Rendimiento mecánico ηm = Pe Pi ηm = 0.041 0.266 ηm = 0.15
  • 10. Consumo especifico indicado de combustible gi = 3600 x ηV x ρ0 Pi x αL0 gi = 3600 x 0.42 x 1.209 0.266 x1.4 × 13.84 𝐠𝐢 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝐠/𝐊𝐖𝐡 Consumo efectivo de combustible 𝐠𝐞 = 𝐠𝐢 𝛈𝐦 𝐠𝐞 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 𝐠𝐞 = 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝐠/𝐊𝐖𝐡 Rendimiento indicado del ciclo 𝛈𝐢 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐠𝐢 𝐱 𝐇𝐔 𝛈𝐢 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝐱 𝟒𝟓 𝛈𝐢 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 Rendimiento efectivo del ciclo 𝛈𝐞 = 𝛈𝐢 𝐱 𝛈𝐦 𝛈𝐞 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 𝐱 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 𝛈𝐞 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟓 Consumo horario de combustible es 𝐆𝐜 = 𝐠𝐞 𝐱 𝐍𝐞 𝐆𝐜 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝐱 𝟕𝟏 𝐆𝐜 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟎𝟓𝟕 𝐤𝐠/𝐡
  • 11. 10. Dimensiones principales del motor 𝒊𝑽𝒉 = 𝟑𝟎𝑵𝒆𝝉 Pe𝑛 𝒊𝑽𝒉 = 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟒 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟏 × 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝑽𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟗 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝑳 Volumen de trabajo de un cilindro: 𝑽𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟑 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟕𝑳 Adoptamos 𝑆/𝐷 = 𝐽 = 1,0. Entonces: 𝑫 = 𝟒𝑽𝒉 𝝅𝑱 𝟑 𝑫 = 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟕 𝝅 × 𝟏 𝟑 𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟖𝒅𝒎 = 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝒎𝒎 Elegimos D= 280mm. De aquí para 𝑽𝒉 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟒𝑳 𝒚 𝑺 = 𝟐𝟖𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝒗𝒑 = 𝑺 𝒏 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟓 × 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏𝟗𝒎/𝒔