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03
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02 Romanticism :
Historical Context
Romanticism was an
international artistic and
philosophical movement that
flourished in the late 18th to
early 19th century.
Romanticism was also a
reaction to the dramatic
changes arising out of the
industrial revolution of the late
18th and early 19th centuries
Romanticism coincides with
the Age of Revolutions – the
period of vast political social,
and economic upheaval that
includes the American
Revolution and the French
Revolution.
Dominant attitudes of the 17th
and 18th centuries these
attitudes included:
scientific observation of the
outside world
logic and reason
pragmatism
universal experience
elegance and refinement
order rules traditions
moderation and restraint
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05
Romanticism : Core
Principles
PAGE
04 Romanticism :
Historical Context
3 Core Principles of Romanticism
IMAGINATION –
virtue and morality
stability and harmony
social hierarchy
aristocratic rule
the welfare of society as a
whole
nature as an instrument of
man's will
Core Principle 1: Imagination
The Imagination is at the center of
all things Romantic.
NATURE – THE INDIVIDUAL
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06 Romanticism :
Historical Context
Its broadest sense imagination is a
factor in how we perceive reality as
our minds attempt to process and to
understand the sensory data of the
world around us
For the Romantics imagination
was also the primary vehicle for the
creation of art
Sartle School of Art History: Romanticism |
Sartle - Rogue Art History
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08 Romanticism :
Historical Context
Core Principle 2: Nature
For the romantics nature was a product
of the imagination distinct from but
related to the entities that existed in the
physical world.
Wanderer Above the
Sea of Fog by Caspar
David Friedrich, 1818
Nature could be…
a subject or an image
a healing power
the dwelling place for the divine
a refuge from the harshness of
civilization and the industrialized
world
Heart of the Andes, Frederic Edwin Church,
1859
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10 Romanticism :
Historical Context
Core Principle 3: The Individuals
Its emphasis on the imagination
romanticism places great importance on
intuition, instinct and emotion.
Memory is at the center of this process
of individual experience and reflection
Exuberance of a
Beauty William Blake
– (1793)
A major moment in literary history came
in 1798 when the poet William Wordsworth
described poetry as the spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings recollected in
tranquility.
This emphasis on individual imagination
and experience reverse the ancient idea
that art is a mirror to the world.
Consequently, romantic poetry is often
Lyric Poetry, and we can assume that the
speaker in a given poem is either the poet
himself or someone who represents him.
the poet
Romantic art is an art of defiance that
emphasizes boldness, energy eccentricity,
and experimentation .
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PAGE
12 ROOTS OF
ROMANTICISM
Romanticism was emerged in
England by eminent thinkers and
poets such as William
Wordsworth, Percy Shelley,
John Keats and William Blake.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
who is credited with the idea of
the "noble savage",
uncorrupted by artifice and
society, thought
that civilization fills Man
with unnatural wants and
seduces him away from his true
nature and original freedom.
Immanuel Kant
Kant's theory of
Transcendental Idealism
(see the section
on Idealism) posited that we
do not directly see "things-
in-themselves"; we only
understand the world
through our human point of
view, an idea developed by
the
American Transcendentalis
m of the mid-19th Century.
Romanticism has been found in the
work of Jean Jacques Rousseau
and a German Philosopher
Immanuel Kant. Romanticism is a
philosophical movement
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PAGE
14 ROOTS OF
ROMANTICISM
was an English Romantic
poet who, with Samuel
Taylor Coleridge, helped
to launch the Romantic
Age in English literature
with their joint publication
Lyrical Ballads.
William Wordsworth
Percy Bysshe Shelley
was one of the major
English Romantic poet. A
radical in his poetry as well
as in his political and social
views, Shelley did not
achieve fame during his
lifetime, but recognition of
his achievements in poetry
grew steadily following his
death and he became an
important influence on
generations of poets.
was an English poet prominent
in the second generation of
Romantic poets, with Lord
Byron and Percy Bysshe
Shelley, although his poems
had been published for only
four years when he died of
tuberculosis at the age of 25.
They were indifferently
received, but his fame grew
rapidly after his death.
John Keats
was an English poet,
painter, and printmaker.
Largely unrecognized
during his life, Blake is
now considered a
seminal figure in the
history of the poetry and
visual art of the
Romantic Age.
William Blake
Romantic poetry is based on
passion, imagination and
sentimental.
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16
AIMS OF EDUCATION
ROMANTICISM AS A
THEORY OF EDUCATION
Focus on individuality
Ugly image of civilization.
Purpose of education is self-
fulfillment.
To build self – realization through
learning.
Emphasized childhood and elementary
education.
Learning is self-paced activity
Child –centered curriculum.
Encourage creativity, expression and
individual experiences
Role of a teacher as a facilitator or
guider.
Purpose of education should
be based to make learner
stronger (physical, socially,
intellectually and morally) to
resist evils of society.
Supreme aim of education is
to built courage, equality,
simplicity and liberty
in children by interacting
with natural experiences.
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ROLE OF A
TEACHER
Major responsibility of a teacher is to
motivate the children to learn and
participate in learning.
Teacher play the role of an organizer
of the learning environment.
Teacher should not impose
punishment and force in learning
environment
Role of teacher as a facilitator of
learning environment.
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18
ROLE OF A
TEACHER
CONCLUSION
Major responsibility of a teacher is to
motivate the children to learn and
participate in learning.
Teacher play the role of an organizer
of the learning environment.
Teacher should not impose
punishment and force in learning
environment
Role of teacher as a facilitator of
learning environment.
A literary movement emerged during
the 18th to 19th century
Shift from the industrialization to
poetry, art. Literature and music
Prioritize sensory experiences as
compared to reason.
Give more importance to intuition,
imagination and feeling of expression.
Focus on more individualized kind
of education
