Immediate Inference

1. IMMEDIATE INFERENCE
PREPARED BY:
CARMELA R. BASE
BS MIDWIFERY 1

2. ..........IMMEDIATE INFERENCE
 comes from only one proposition that can be reformulated to a new
proposition which is exactly the same meaning.
 are simple deductions that we can make. Given the knowledge that
certain propositions in standard form are true, we can deduce (establish
with absolute logical certainty) the truth of other standard formulations.
 is a process of reasoning, through which the mind passes directly from
one proposition to a new proposition which is nothing else but a
reformulation of the very exact meaning or truth as expressed in the
original proposition.

3. It contains only two terms:
1. Subject term
2. Predicate term
Example:
No metals are stones. No stones are metals.
(S) (P) (P) (S)

4. - we can also apply IMMEDIATE INFERENCE in Math
especially in Addition and Multiplication
Example:
2+3=5 reformulate 3+2=5
5x3=15 reformulate 3x5=15

5. DIFFERENT KINDS OF IMMEDIATE INFERENCE :
 EDUCTION
 LOGICAL PROPOSITION

6. ..... EDUCTION
- this is a kind of Immediate Inference where a new Proposition is being
reformulated by interchanging the subject & Predicate Term.
FOUR KINDS OF EDUCTION:
I. Conversion
II. Obversion
III. Contraposition
IV. Inverse

7. CONVERSION
- This refers to a formulation of a new proposition by way of interchanging
the subject and the predicate terms of an original propositions,
however, the quality of the original proposition is retained or the same.

8. Two parts of Conversion
1.Converted 2. Converse
Example:
No fish is a mouse. (Converted)
(S) (P)
No mouse is a fish. (Converse)
(S) (P)

9. OBVERSION
- new proposition is formulated by retaining the Subject Term,
however replace or changed the Predicate Term by its contradictory.
Example: Extinct Creatures are Dinosaur.
S P
Extinct Creatures are non-Dinosaur.
S P

10. CONTRAPOSITION
- new proposition is formulated by retaining the Predicate Term,
however replace or change its Subject Term by its contradictory.
Example: Some Students are Studious.
S P
Some non-Students are Studious.
S P

11. INVERSE
- This is the method of Eduction which the Subject and Predicate
Term are Contradictories of the original Proposition.
- it is also the combination of Conversion,
Obversion & Contraposition.

12. Example: Some Government Officials are Corrupt Individuals
CONVERSION: Some Corrupt Individuals are Government Officials
OBVERSION: Some Government Officials are non-Corrupt Individuals
CONTRAPOSITION: Some non-Government Officials are Corrupt Individuals
INVERSE: Some non-Government Officials are non-Corrupt
Individuals