Gastroenteritis is an inflamation of stomach and small intestine or both leading to diarrhea,abdominal pain,nausea and possibly vomiting. Gastroenteritis can be caused by bacteria , virus , parasites Treatment includes antidiarrhoeal agents,zinc supplements,prebiotic,antimicrobial agents

1. ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS
A.JAHNAVI
B20112
PHARMD3RD YR
CCPER

2. INTRODUCTION
Acute gastro enteritis is an infection or inflammation of
digestive tract,particularly the stomach and intestine
It is frequently referred to as the stomach flu or intestinal
flu.
Gastroenteritis is also known as infectious diarrhoea
Symptoms may include diarrhoea,vomiting,abdominal
pain,fever,dehydration.

3. ETIOLOGY
Gastroenteritis is usually caused by virus,however gut
bacteria,parasites,fungi can also cause gastro enteritis.
In children ,Rota virus is the most common cause of severe
disease.
Eating improperly prepared food,drinking contaminated
water or close contact with infected person can spread the
disease.

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Vomiting or diarrhoea occurs due to inflammation of small or large
bowel,often due to infection.
The changes in the small bowel are typically non inflammatory,while
the ones in large bowel are inflammatory.
A no. of parasites can cause gastroenteritis.

5. SYMPTOMS
Bloating
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Bloody stools
Lethargy

6. DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostic methods may include:
medical history
physical examination
blood tests
stool tests

7. TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Treatment depends on cause but, may include:
Plenty of fluids and right diet
Oral rehydration drinks.
Admission to hospital and intravenous fluid replacement in
severe cases.
Antibiotics,if bacteria are cause.

8. PREVENTION
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before
eating food.
Make sure foods are thoroughly cooked.
Avoid uncooked foods
Drink boiled water.

9. CASE PRESENTATION
ON
ACUTE GASTRO ENTERITIS

10. SUBJECTIVE
CHIEF COMPLAINTS:
A 37 year old male patient was admitted to hospital with
chief complaints of vomitings,diarrhoea,abdominal pain.
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:
HTN since 2 yrs.

11. OBJECTIVE
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:
CVS :S1S2+
GRBS :107Mg/dl
 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
Temperature:NORMAL
HR : 88/MIN
RR :22/MIN
BP :120/70MMHG
Spo2: 97%

12. LAB INVESTIGATIONS
Parameters Patient range Normal value Units
Hb 15.3 14 -18 gram/dl
WBC 5000 4500 - 11000 cell/l
S.cr 1.0 0.74-1.35 mg/dl
Na 136 135-145 mmol/l
K 3.3 3.6-5.2 mmol/l
urea 15 5-20 mg/dl

13. ASSESSMENT
• DAY-1
Pt : C/C
Temp : afebrile
BP : 130/80 mmhg
SPO2 : 98%
P/A : soft
• MEDICATIONS
Inj.pantop 40mg IV BID
Inj.zofer 40mg IV BID
Inj.ornidazole 100ml IV BID
Inj.oflox 100ml IV BID
Cap.radotil 100mg P/O TID
Cap.rifagut 400ml P/O BID

14. • DAY-2
Pt :C/C
Temp : afebrile
BP : 130/90 mmhg
PR : 80/min
SPO2 : 98%
P/A :soft
• MEDICATIONS
Inj.pantop 40mg IV BID
Inj.zofer 40mg IV BID
Inj.ornidazole 100ml IV BID
Inj. Oflox 100ml IV TID
Cap. Radotil 100mg P/O TID

15. • DAY- 3
Pt : C/C
Temp : afebrile
BP : 120/70mmhg
PR : 80/min
SPO2 : 98%
P/A :soft
• MEDICATIONS
Inj.ornidazole 100ml IV BID
Inj.oflox 200ml IV BID
Inj.PAN 40mg IV BID
Tab.rifagut 40mg P/O BID
IVF.Katrilyte 100ml/hr

16. • DAY-4
Pt : C/ C
Temp : afebrile
BP : 100/70mmhg
PR : 78/min
SPO2 : 97%
CVS : S1S2+
P/A : Soft
• MEDICATIONS
CST

17. • DAY-5
Pt : C/C
Temp : afebrile
BP :100/70mmhg
PR : 78/min
SPO2 : 97%
CVS :S1S2+
P/A : Soft
• MEDICATIONS
CST
monitor vitals
plan for discharge

18. DRUG CHART
Brand name Generic name category MOA Dose Frequency Route Use
Inj.pantop pantoprazole PPI Blocks
h+k+/ATP
pump
40mg BID IV Prevents
acid
secretion
Inj.zofer Ondansetron antiemetic Inhibit
5HT3
Receptor
40mg BID IV Prevent
nausea and
vomiting
Inj.ornidazole ornidazole Anti-
amoebic
Inhibit
bacterial
protein
synthesis
100ml TID IV Treat
intestinal
infections
Inj.oflox ofloxacin fluoroquin
olones
Inhibit
bacterial
DNA
gyrase
100ml BID IV Treat
bacterial
infections
Cap.redotil Racecadotril Anti-
diarrhoeal
Reduce
secretion
from
intestine
100mg TID ORAL Treat
diarrhoea

19. DISCHARGE MEDICATIONS:
1) Tab.zenflox-OZ BID - 3days
2) Tab.Pan 40mg OD - 10days
3) Tab.VSL-3 BID - 5days
4) Tab.mvt OD - 10 days

20. REFERENCE
• The handbook of pharmacotherapeutics by dipiro.
• Webmd.com.

21. THANK YOU