Presentation at ARRCC-CARISSA workshop 29 Jan 2019 to 31 Jan 2019

1. Observations, Projections and Impacts
of Climate Change in Bangladesh
Dr. M. Shohidul Islam
Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)
Agargaon, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
Email: shohidulam79@yahoo.com
Regional Workshop
on
‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

2. Outline
Climate of Bangladesh
Observations of Climate Parameters
Projections of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Policy Making for Adaptation due to Climate Change
Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change Adaptation
2/1/2019 2Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

3. Outline
Climate of Bangladesh
Observations of Climate Parameters
Projections of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Policy Making for Adaptation due to Climate Change
Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change Adaptation
2/1/2019 3Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

4. Position of Bangladesh in the World Map and in the
Asia Map
Climate of Bangladesh
2/1/2019 4Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: BMD Annual Report-2015

5. o Bangladesh has a subtropical monsoon climate characterized by wide
seasonal variations in rainfall, moderately warm temperatures, and high
humidity.
o Four meteorological seasons are recognized as- pre-monsoon, monsoon,
post-monsoon and winter.
o Southwest monsoon or monsoon is the most important feature of controlling
the climate of Bangladesh. More than 71% of the annual rainfall is received
during this season.
o Variability in the onset, withdrawal of monsoon and quantum of rainfall
during the monsoon season has profound impacts on water resources,
power generation, agriculture, economics, ecosystems and fisheries in
Bangladesh.
o Bangladesh is one of the most climate vulnerable countries in the world. Due
to high impact of climate change, climate information is highly demandable.
Climate of Bangladesh
2/1/2019 5Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

6. 2/1/2019 6
1) Winter ( December-February)
2) Pre-monsoon ( March-May)
3) Monsoon ( June-September)
4) Post-monsoon ( October-November)
Seasons of Bangladesh
Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

7. a. Winter or North-East Monsoon :
o Wind: NE/N & speed is low
o Rainfall: 1.5% of the total annual rainfall.
o Temp: 18-21 deg. Celsius (Mean Temp)
o Common Weather: fog, cold wave, very dry etc.
b. Summer or Pre-Monsoon :
 Wind: Variable wind & high speed
 Rainfall: 18 % of annual
 Temp: Mean temp. is 23-30 deg. Celsius
 Common Weather: L, WML,D, DD, TC, TS, heat wave, hail etc.
c. South-West Monsoon or Monsoon :
o Wind: SW/S & medium stable speed
o Rainfall: 71.5 % of annual
o Temp: Mean temp. is 21-27 deg. Celsius
o Common Weather: Rain, TS etc.
d. Autumn or Post-Monsoon :
 Wind: Variable wind & high speed
 Rainfall: 9% of annual
 Temp: 22-28 deg. Celsius
 Weather: Weather: L, WML,D, DD, TC, TS, hail etc.
Climate 0f Bangladesh
2/1/2019
7
Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

8. Outline
Climate of Bangladesh
Observations of Climate Parameters
Projections of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Policy Making for Adaptation due to Climate Change
Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change Adaptation
2/1/2019 8Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

9. Observations of Climate Parameters
o Temperature
o Pressure
o Wind
o Precipitation
o RH
o Sunshine
o Evaporation and so on
Bangladesh Meteorological Department
(BMD) observes the following climate
parameters as its regular routine works.
Maximum, Minimum, Dry
bulb and wet bulb
thermometers
Ordinary
Raingauge
Self Recording
Raingauge
Sunshine Recorder
Evaporation pan Wind vane
2/1/2019 9Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: BMD Annual Report 2015

10. Observations of Wind Pattern
Distribution of (i) wind direction and (ii) wind speed of Dhaka during
Winter Season
2/1/2019 10Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

11. Observations of Wind Pattern
Distribution of (i) wind direction and (ii) wind speed of Dhaka during
Pre-monsoon Season
2/1/2019 11Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

12. Distribution of (i) wind direction and (ii) wind speed of Dhaka during
Monsoon Season
Observations of Wind Pattern
2/1/2019 12Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

13. Distribution of (i) wind direction and (ii) wind speed of Dhaka
during Post-monsoon Season
Observations of Wind Pattern
2/1/2019 13Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

14. Observations of Temperature Pattern
Monthly Average Maximum and Minimum temperature
Month Min (°C) Max (°C)
Jan 13 25
Feb 16 28
Mar 20 32
Apr 24 34
May 25 33
Jun 26 32
Jul 26 31
Aug 26 32
Sep 26 32
Oct 24 32
Nov 19 30
Dec 14 26
2/1/2019 14
Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

15. Observations of Precipitation Pattern
o Rain(mainly & regularly in monsoon)
o Hail (occasionally in pre-monsoon & rare in post-monsoon)
o Fog ( regularly in winter)
o Snow ( Never)
Monthly average rainfall
2/1/2019 15
Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

16. Outline
Climate of Bangladesh
Observations of Climate Parameters
Projections of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Policy Making for Adaptation due to Climate Change
Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change Adaptation
2/1/2019 16Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

17. Temperature Projections
Dhaka Chittagong
Khulna Rajshahi
Projections of Climate Change
Average maximum and minimum temperature trend are observed over four major
cities i.e. Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi
2/1/2019 17Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

18. Temperature Projections & Deviation
Spatial distribution of pre-monsoon maximum temperature (a) during 1981-2010, (b)during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation
of pre-monsoon maximum temperature during 1981-2010 from 1971-2000.
Spatial distribution of pre-monsoon minimum temperature (a) during 1981-2010, (b)during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation of
pre-monsoon maximum temperature during 1981-2010 from 1971-2000.
Spatial distribution of pre-monsoon maximum & minimum temperature
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

19. Temperature Projections & Deviation
Spatial distribution of monsoon maximum temperature (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation of
monsoon maximum temperature during 1981-2010 from1971-2000.
Spatial distribution of monsoon minimum temperature (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation of
monsoon minimum temperature during 1981-2010 from 1971-2000.
Spatial distribution of monsoon maximum & minimum temperature
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

20. Temperature Projections & Deviation
Spatial distribution of winter maximum temperature (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation
of winter maximum temperature during 1981-2010 from 1971- 2000.
Spatial distribution of winter minimum temperature (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during1971-2000 and (c) deviation of
winter minimum temperature during 1981-2010 from 1971-2000.
Spatial distribution of winter maximum & minimum temperature
20
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

21. Rainfall Projections & Deviation
Spatial distribution of annual normal rainfall (a) during 1971-2000 and (b) during 1981-2010 in Bangladesh
Spatial distribution of annual normal rainfall
2/1/2019 21Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

22. Rainfall Projections & Deviation
Spatial distribution of Winter Rainfall (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation (%) of Winter Rainfall
during 1981-2010 based on 1971-2000.
Spatial distribution of Pre-Monsoon Rainfall (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation (%) of Pre-Monsoon
Rainfall during 1981-2010 based on 1971-2000.
Spatial distribution of Seasonal Rainfall
Source: Met Report No.08/2016 by BMD

23. Spatial distribution of Post-monsoon Rainfall (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation (%) of Post-
monsoon Rainfall during 1981-2010 based on 1971-2000
Spatial distribution of Monsoon Rainfall (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000and (c) deviation (%) of
Monsoon Rainfall during 1981-2010 based on 1971-2000.
Rainfall Projections & Deviation
Spatial distribution of Seasonal Rainfall

24. Spatial distribution of yearly Rainfall (a) during 1981-2010, (b) during 1971-2000 and (c) deviation (%) of
Winter Rainfall during 1981-2010 based on 1971-2000.
Rainfall Projections & Deviation
Spatial distribution of Annual Rainfall
2/1/2019 24Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

25. Outline
Climate of Bangladesh
Observations of Climate Parameters
Projections of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Policy Making for Adaptation due to Climate Change
Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change Adaptation
2/1/2019 25Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

26. Impacts of Climate Change
Climatic Impacts:
Bangladesh experiences different types of Natural Disasters almost every year
because of the Global Warming as well as Climate Change impacts, these are:
oFloods / Flash Floods (Almost 80% of the total area of the country is prone to
flooding).
oCyclones and Storm Surges (South and South-eastern Parts of the country were
hit by Tropical Cyclones during the last few years).
oSalinity (Almost the whole Coastal Belt along the Bay of Bengal is experiencing
Salinity problem).
oExtreme Temperature and Drought (North and North-western regions of the
country are suffering because of the Extreme Temperature problem).
 Agriculture and Fisheries
 Water Resources and Hydrology
 Coastal Areas
 Forestry / Biodiversity
 Urban areas
 Vulnerable groups
 Climatic Impacts
Climate change impacts on different sectors such as:
2/1/2019 26Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

27. Impact of Climate Change: Flood on Social Life
in Bangladesh
2/1/2019 27Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

28. Impact 0f Climate Change: Flood on Social
Life in Bangladesh
2/1/2019 28

29. Impact Of Climate Change: Land Slide due to Heavy
Rainfall in Bangladesh
2/1/2019
29
Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

30. Storm surge
Impact of Climate Change: Tropical Cyclone &
Storm Surge in Bangladesh
2/1/2019 30

31. Outline
Climate of Bangladesh
Observations of Climate Parameters
Projections of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Policy Making for Adaptation due to Climate Change
Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change Adaptation
2/1/2019 31Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

32. Policy Formulation and
Coordination at National Level:
The following Council/Committee
will be responsible for policy
formulation and coordination of
Disaster Management at national
level.
(a) National Disaster
Management Council (NDMC)
(b) Inter-Ministerial Disaster
Management Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)
(c) National Disaster
Management Advisory
Committee (NDMAC)
Policy Making for Adaptation
There is no committee or no plan
to adapt climate change impacts
directly, but disaster management
related organs take initiative ……
2/1/2019 32Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: BMD Annual Report 2015

33. Message Dissemination Network of BMD
2/1/2019 33Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal
Source: BMD Annual Report 2015

34. Outline
Climate of Bangladesh
Observations of Climate Parameters
Projections of Climate Change
Impacts of Climate Change
Policy Making for Adaptation due to Climate Change
Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change Adaptation
2/1/2019 34Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal

35. Challenges & Difficulties of Climate Change
Adaptation
o Nearly 12 million people live in poverty in the coastal region of
Bangladesh.
o Rising sea levels will increasingly inundate Bangladesh’s
coast, and dramatic coastal and river erosion will destroy land
and homes.
o Poor households in coastal Bangladesh will confront
increasingly severe challenges from climate change
o The severe natural hazards already hit the country – tropical
cyclones, river erosion, flood, landslides, drought etc.
2/1/2019 35Regional Workshop on ‘Future Climate Projections and their Applications in South Asia’
29th – 31st January 2019, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal