Compressors & blowers & fans

Master: Dr. M. Farhadian
Presented by: Mohammad Nasiri vs. Hosein Godazi
1398/02/12
Spring 1398
Esfahan University
Faculty of Engineering
Compressors & Blowers & Fans
1

Contents
- Introduction
- Fans and Blowers
• Introduction
• Types
• Applications
- Compressors
• Applications
• Types
• How to selection
• Market research summary
- References
2
Spring 1398 Compressors, Blowers and Fans M. Nasiri vs H. Godazi

Blowers & Fan
3

Compressor : A compressor is a machine which reduces the volume of
gas or liquid by creating a high pressure for substances that usually is gas.
Fans : fan is a machine used to add energy to the gaseous fluid to
increase its pressure .
- used where low pressures and comparatively large volume
- They run at relatively low speed
Blowers : Blower is a machine used to compressed air or gas to a final
pressure not exceeding 241 KPa gage.
4

- The basic difference between the above three devices is
the way they move or transmit air/gas and induce
system pressure
- Fans, blowers and compressors are differentiated by the
system pressure
𝑇2
𝑇1
=
𝑃2
𝑃1
(𝑘−1)/𝑘
𝑃2
𝑃1
=
𝑉2
𝑉1
𝐾
in ideal conditions∶ 𝐾 =
𝐶𝑝
𝐶𝑣
in non-ideal conditions put n in place of k
5

Fans & Blowers
6

Types of Fans
- Centrifugal : increase the speed of an air
stream with a rotating impeller
- Airflow changes direction twice-once
when entering and second when leaving
7

- Axial: move the air stream along
the axis of the fan
◦ Applications:
Ventilation
Exhausts
Axial fans are popular with industry because
they are inexpensive, compact and light

10
Types of blowers
Blowers can achieve much higher pressures than fans. They are also
used to produce negative pressures for industrial vacuum systems
- Centrifugal blower:
Typically operate against pressures of 0.35 to 0.70
Kg/cm2
Rotate as fast as 15000 rpm
Airflow drops if system pressure rises
- Positive Displacement:
Rotors trap air and push it through housing
Suited for applications prone to clogging
Turn lower than centrifugal blowers

Difference Between Fans, Blower and Compressors
Equipment
Specific Ratio Pressure Rise (mmWC)
Fans Up to 1.11 1136
Blowers 1.11 to 1.20 1136 to 2066
Compressors More than 1.20
More than 2066
the ratio of the discharge pressure to the suction pressure
Why is the pressure increase in these different?
Because of the space between blades
11

12
Application
-Aquatic pool aeration
-Petrochemical Industries
-Refinery

13

Introduction to
Compressors
14Spring 1398 Compressors, Blowers and Fans M. Nasiri vs H. Godazi

Air conditioners
Home and industrial
refrigeration
Hydraulic compressors for
industrial manufacturing
Where can we see?

Compression methods
Trap consecutive quantities of gas in some type of enclosure, reduce
the volume, thus increasing the pressure, then push the compressed
gas out of the enclosure.
Trap consecutive quantities of gas in some type of enclosure, carry it
without volume change to the discharge opening, compressing the
gas by overcoming back flow from discharge system and pushing the
gas out of the enclosure.
Compress the gas by the mechanical action of rotating impellers or
bladed rotors that impart velocity and pressure to the flowing gas.
Additional velocity energy in the gas is converted to pressure in an
adjacent stationary diffuser or blade.

Classifications

Rotary
compressor
operation
19

Rotary
Scroll
compressor
operation

Positive displacement compressors causes movement by trapping a fixed
amount of air then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.
Positive displacements machines work by mechanically changing the volume of the
working fluid.
Further classification
Rotary compressor
Reciprocating compressor
Positive displacement

Positive Displacement Compressor:
* Compresses fixed packets of fluid
* The velocity of fluid need not be high
* Gives constant flow rate against variable output pressure
* The fluid is directly imparted pressure energy
Introduction by Differences
displacement of a mechanical linkage (Piston)
reducing the volume
increasing the pressure

When very large volume of compressed air is required in
applications such as ventilators, combustion system and
pneumatic powder blower conveyors, the dynamic
compressor can be used. The pressure needed is very low
in such applications.
Dynamic Compressor

Dynamic Compressor:
* Compresses the fluid in continuous manner
* The velocity of fluid must be high
* Gives variable flow rate against variable output pressure
* The fluid is provided kinetic energy which is converted into
pressure energy
change in the velocity of the fluid
increasing the pressure

At a constant rotational speed, the pressure/flow curve for a
dynamic compressor (turbocompressor) differs significantly from
an equivalent curve for a positive displacement compressor.
Turbocompressors operate with a variable flow rate and variable
pressure characteristics, while displacement compressors
operate with a constant flow rate and variable pressure.

26
How to select a particular type
of compressor ?

Typical Questions must be answered
How much pressure is required?
How much air flow is required?
What is the air quality required?
What is the operating duty cycle?
What is the first cost?
What is the total cost of ownership?
Calculate the power required?
What special requirements dose this application demand?

Duty cycle
CFM
ICFM: Inlet Cubic Feet per Minute
ACFM: Actual Cubic Feet per Minute
What we should look for?
Gas Being Handled
Discharge pressure and suction pressure
Effects of process gas on the compressor system (e.g., chemical
reaction, temperature, condensation and liquid removal)

What we should look for?

Compressed air is regarded as the fourth
utility after electricity, natural gas and water
35 billion USD
World Value
MARKET SIZE 2018
4.2 %
Growth
Percentage
(CAGR)
Key players
Atlas Copco AB
Kobe Steel Ltd.
Toshiba Ltd.
40 % of Globe Market by region
1|other
Asia
Pacific
Wide variety
end-user
consumptions
1- Oil and gas industry
2- Food and Beverages
3- Pharmaceuticals (Biotech)
4- Automobiles
5- Medical equipment industry
Compressed air is regarded as the fourth
utility after electricity, natural gas and water
Why ?

“ He that plants
Trees loves
Others besides
Himself “

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700715000390
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/air-compressor-market-2018-
global-analysis-opportunities-and-forecast-to-2023-2018-06-01
https://www.technavio.com/research/air-compressor-market-size
https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/air-compressor-market.html
https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/air-compressor-market
https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/air-and-gas-
compressor-market 34Spring 1398 Compressors, Blowers and Fans M. Nasiri vs H. Godazi

References: (Cont.)
http://dezpartvacuum.com/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1/
https://www.ebmpapst.com/en/products/axial-fans/axial_fans.php
http://arkanarzesh.com/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB
%8C-
http://behsanair.com

THANKS!
ANY QUESTIONS?

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