Basic Mechanical Engineering

1. COMPRESSOR
KIRTAN SONI (12202040501032)
KRISH RAMOLIYA
(12202040501033)
KIRSHNA MISTRY
(12202040501034)
KRUPAL SIDDHAPURA
(12202040501035)
KRUSHIL DOBARIYA
(12202040501036)

2. AGENDA
2
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF COMPRESSORS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
3
•Compressor is a machine which handles a
compressible fluid and pressurizes it by doing work on
it. The fluid can be air, gas or vapor.
•It can be also defined as a machine which takes in air
at low pressure and compresses it to high pressure
which the help of some suitable arrangement.
• It isdriven bya prime mover(Engineoraelectric motor).

4. TYPES OF COMPRESSORS

5. POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT
COMPRESSOR
⚫ In the positive-displacement type, a given
quantity of air or gas is trapped in a
compression chamber and the volume it
occupies is mechanically reduced, causing a
corresponding rise in pressure prior to
discharge. At constant speed, the air flow
remains essentially constant with variations in
discharge pressure.
Ex: Reciprocating compressors, screw
compressors, vane compressors & so on.

6. 1.
RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSOR
6
•A RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR IS A POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINE THAT
USES A PISTON TO COMPRESS A GAS AND DELIVER IT AT HIGH PRESSURE.
• THEY ARE OFTEN SOME OF THE MOST CRITICAL AND EXPENSIVE SYSTEMS AT A
PRODUCTION FACILITY, AND DESERVE SPECIAL ATTENTION. GAS TRANSMISSION
PIPELINES, PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, REFINERIES AND MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES
ALL DEPEND ON THIS TYPE OF EQUIPMENT.

7. 2.
ROTARY
COMPRESSOR
•A ROTARY-SCREW COMPRESSOR IS A TYPE
OF GAS COMPRESSOR, SUCH AS AN AIR
COMPRESSOR, THAT USES A ROTARY-TYPE
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MECHANISM. THESE
COMPRESSORS ARE COMMON IN INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS AND REPLACE MORE
TRADITIONAL PISTON COMPRESSORS WHERE
LARGER VOLUMES OF COMPRESSED GAS ARE
NEEDED.
7

8. DYNAMIC COMPRESSOR
⚫ Dynamic compressors impart velocity energy to
continuously flowing air or gas by means of
impellers rotating at very high speeds. The
velocity energy is changed into pressure energy
both by the impellers and the discharge volutes
or diffusers. In the centrifugal-type dynamic
compressors, the shape of the impeller blades
determines the relationship between air flow
and the pressure (or head) generate.
Ex: centrifugal compressors, axial compressors.
8

9. 1.
CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSOR
•CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS, ALSO KNOWN AS DYNAMIC COMPRESSORS,
EFFICIENTLY CONVERTS THE ENERGY UTILIZING A SERIES OF STAGES TO
COMPRESS AND COOL THE AIR AS IT CONTINUOUSLY FLOWS THROUGH THE
UNIT. A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR IMPARTS KINETIC ENERGY INTO THE
AIRSTREAM BY INCREASING THE VELOCITY OF THE AIR USING A ROTATING
ELEMENT AND THEN CONVERTS THIS KINETIC ENERGY INTO POTENTIAL
ENERGY IN THE FORM OF PRESSURE. IN BETWEEN EACH STAGE OF
COMPRESSION, THE AIR IS COOLED, AND EXCESS MOISTURE IS REMOVED TO
FURTHER INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY AND AIR QUALITY. THIS DESIGN
RESULTS IN THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE LARGE QUANTITIES OF AIR
EFFICIENTLY IN A RELATIVELY SMALL PACKAGE.
9

10. 2.
AXIAL
COMPRESSOR
•A COMPRESSOR IN WHICH THE FLOW OF AIR OR
GASES IS PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF ROTATION IS
CALLED AN AXIAL COMPRESSOR.
• IN SIMPLE WORDS, IN AN AXIAL COMPRESSOR,
THE GAS ENTERS AXIALLY OR PARALLEL TO THE
ROTOR AXIS AND ALSO DISCHARGES IN THE SAME
DIRECTION (AXIALLY). THEREFORE, IT IS CALLED AN
1 0

11. ADVANTAGES
1 1
- Increased pressure for various applications
- Energy storage capabilities
- Power generation using compressed air
- Versatile usage across different industries
- Enhanced efficiency and productivity
- Safety due to non-flammability of compressed air
- Longevity and durability with proper maintenance
- Environmentally friendly when used as a clean energy source

12. DISADVANTAGES:
1 2
- Noise generation during operation
- High energy consumption leading to increased operating costs
- Regular maintenance requirements
- Heat generation that may require additional cooling measures
- Potential for compressed air to contain contaminants
- Significant upfront cost for purchasing and installation
- Space requirements for installation
- Complexity and specialized knowledge needed for operation and
maintenance

13. 1 3
- INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING FOR
POWERING PNEUMATIC TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT
- CONSTRUCTION AND MINING FOR POWERING
TOOLS LIKE JACKHAMMERS AND ROCK
DRILLS
- HVAC SYSTEMS FOR AIR CONDITIONING AND
REFRIGERATION
- OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY FOR GAS
GATHERING, TRANSMISSION, AND REFINING
PROCESSES
APPLICATIONS
- Aerospace industry for aircraft engines
and systems
- Medical applications for powering medical
tools and
equipment
- Food and beverage industry for various
manufacturing processes
- Automotive industry for powering
pneumatic tools and systems
- Scuba diving and underwater operations for
breathing underwater and commercial diving
activities

14. THANK YOU
1 4