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Equine breeding & reproduction
- 1. EQUINE BREEDING & REPRODUCTION Submitted to- Dr. sanjay kumar Submitted by- Himanshu pandey
- 2. Stallion Physiology Onset of sexual maturity 10-24 mo Life span of sperm in female tract 2-4 days Survival time with fertilizing capacity 1-2 days Sperm output Semen volume/ejaculate 20-100 ml
- 3. Sperm Production • Sperm Output and Production is influenced by: – Season – Testicular size – Age – Frequency of ejaculation – Behavior
- 4. Number of Sperm Depends On: • Seasonal Influences (Photoperiod) – Effected Areas • Ejaculate volume • Sperm numbers • Total sperm/ejaculate • Sperm motility • Willingness to breed • Mounts before breeding • Scrotal size • Testosterone production
- 5. Mare Anatomy • Vulva • Vagina • Cervix • Uterus • Oviducts • Ovaries Left Ovary Oviduct Left Uterine Horn Uterine Body Cervix Vagina
- 6. Estrous cycle length- 21 days TERMS • Anestrus • Diestrus • Estrous MARES
- 7. Photoperiod Effect • Reproductive activity in spring is stimulated by an increasing photoperiod • Mechanism – Alteration of hormone secretion by the pineal gland and hypothalamus
- 8. Receptors in eye Pineal gland Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Ovaries Increasing day length Decreasing day length Neuropathway Neuropathway Decreasing melatonin Increasing melatonin Increasing GnRH Decreasing GnRH Increasing gonadotropins Decreasing gonadotropins J F M A M J J A S O N D
- 9. •21-day estrous cycle •Estrus 5-7 d •Diestrus 14-16 d
- 10. Estrus Follicular Development & Ovulation • Anterior Pituitary – FSH - follicular growth • Pituitary – LH – maturation of follicle & ovulation • Follicles secrete estrogen.
- 11. Diestrus Corpus Luteum Formation • Corpus luteum - secretion of progesterone. • Progesterone - responsible for keeping the mare out of heat and for maintaining pregnancy.
- 12. Signs of Estrus • Most consistent – Elevated tail raise – Winking • Other supporting signs – Leaning – Squatting – Standing still – Urinating
- 13. Breeding Methods • Pasture Breeding • Hand Breeding • Artificial Insemination – Fresh semen – Cooled, shipped semen – Frozen semen
- 14. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- Ovary – 2X1.5” in diameter. Located on pinched in face of ovary is ovulation fossa – unique anatomical feature of equine ovary. Oviducts = ~8-12”long. Uterus – Body & 2 horns. 8” wide X 3” wide Cervix – 2-3”. Longitudinal folds Vagina – 7-9” long & 4-5” diameter
- Anestrus – The period when most mares show no signs of reproductive activity at all. Diestrus – The period when the mare is not receptive to the stallion (usually lasts 17-19 days) Estrous – Entire reproductive cycle. The average length of the estrous cycle is 21-23 days (from one ovulation to the next). Estrus – Refers to “heat”, the period when the mare is receptive to the stallion (usually lasts 5-6 days).
- Photoperiod Effect Reproductive activity in spring is stimulated by an increasing photoperiod Mechanism Alteration of hormone secretion by the pineal gland and hypothalamus