1. PRESENTATION
ON
TOPIC- GREEN REVOLUTION
Submitted To: Dr. Mohit Kumar
Assistant Professor
Department of agricultural
extension & communication
Submitted By: Himani
Registration no. –
BS22MAGN009
COURSE: M.Sc. (Ag) Agronomy
Course : PGS- 505
Agricultural Research Ethics and Rural Development
Department of Agricultural Extension And Communication
Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture
Eternal university, Baru sahib
Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh – 17310
2. CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Green Revolution Start In India
3. Who Introduced The Green Revolution In India
4. History Of Green Revolution In India
5. Beneficial Impact Of Green Revolution In India
6. Key Features Of The Green Revolution Include
7. The Green Revolution Had Several Positive Outcomes
8. Concerns And Criticisms Associated With The Green Revolution
9. Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
◦ The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural innovation and
productivity growth that occurred in the mid-20th century, primarily between the
1940s and the 1960s. This revolution was characterized by the widespread
adoption of new agricultural technologies, practices, and crop varieties, leading to
substantial increases in crop yields and food production.
◦ Norman Borlaug is called the father of the green revolution as he started the green
revolution with his genetic testing. He created a hybrid wheat plant that could
resist fungus and diseases along with a high yield.
4. Cont.
The green revolution in India refers to a period (the mid-1960s) where the transition from
traditional agriculture into an industrial system happened. The green revolution started in
India with the introduction of many modern methods of farming like tractors, pesticides,
fertilizers, irrigation facilities, and the use of HYV (high yielding variety) crops.
5. Green Revolution Start in India
The Green revolution started in India started with its introduction in
Punjab in 1966. It was part of a development program that was issued
by the government of India along with international donor agencies.
6. Who Introduced the Green Revolution
in India
As a part of the larger initiative by Norman Borlaug, M S Swaminathan
founded the green revolution in India. Mankombu Sambasivan
Swaminathan (born on the 7th August 1925) is an Indian geneticist and the
founder of the M S Swaminathan research foundation which aims at
eradicating hunger and poverty from the world. M S Swaminathan was the
one to introduce and develop high-yielding varieties of wheat in India.
7. History of Green Revolution in India
Ford foundation sponsored a team of experts that were invited by India in
the latter half of the second five-year plan. This team was called to
suggest means and ways for improving crop production. Based on the
recommendations of this team, the government of India implemented an
intensive program for agricultural development in seven districts from
seven different states of India in 1960. This program was called IADP
(Intensive area development program). In the mid-1960s Professor
Norman Borlaug of Mexico developed new varieties of high-yielding
wheat. India adopted this new agricultural strategy in 1966 during the
Kharif season, and it was termed as HYVP (High-yielding varieties
program).
8. Cont.
◦ This program started as a package as it depended heavily on many
things like:
Adequate irrigation.
Fertilizers.
HYV seeds.
Pesticides and insecticides.
9. Beneficial Impact of Green Revolution in
India
India’s economy and way of life changed in a big way due to the Green revolution. One can gauge the
major changes from the points outlined below:
Agricultural Production Increased: The wheat crops got maximum benefit from the green revolution
in India. Between 1967-68 the production of wheat crops grew more than three times. There was also
an overall increase in agricultural produce, especially food grains. The green revolution was then
aimed at the grain revolution after 1967. The overall increase in cereal production was doubled.
Farmers Fared Well: It brought prosperity to farmers as increased crop production gave them more
earnings. Farmers with more than 10 hectares of land benefitted the most from the green revolution.
Import of Food Grains Decreased: The humongous production of foodgrains in India helped in
reducing the amount of food grains that were imported earlier. India became self-sufficient in food
grains and was at times, also in a position to export the grains. In 1950 the per capita availability of
food grains was only 395 grams per day which grew to 436 grams by 2003.
10. Industrial Growth: Since the green revolution involved a lot of machines, the
demand for machinery like tractors, threshers, diesel engines, harvesters, pumping
sets, combines, electric motors, etc. increased manifold. It also increased the need
for pesticides, weedicides, fertilizers, insecticides, etc., which gave an industrial
boom to various sectors. Many of the agricultural products were also being used as
raw materials in many industries which were agro-based like textile, vanaspati,
sugar, etc., which received benefits with the green revolution.
Increase in Rural Employment: Though the green revolution brought a fear of
unemployment since much of the human work was now being done by machines.
There was a surge in demand for labour force due to the use of fertilizers and
multiple cropping. As per reports, more than 15 lakhs poor people from states like
Bihar, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh found work in Punjab when the green revolutions
started. Apart from earning, these poor people from different states also learned
new techniques and ideas to take back home and implement.
11. KEY FEATURES OF THE GREEN
REVOLUTION INCLUDE:
1. High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs): One of the most crucial elements of the
Green Revolution was the development and adoption of high-yielding crop
varieties, particularly for wheat, rice, and maize. These new varieties were bred
to produce higher yields and were more resistant to pests and diseases.
2. Increased Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides: Farmers began to use modern
synthetic fertilizers and pesticides on a larger scale. These chemicals helped
boost crop yields by providing essential nutrients to plants and protecting them
from pests and diseases.
12. 3. Irrigation: Improved irrigation systems, such as drip and sprinkler irrigation, were introduced
to provide crops with a consistent water supply, reducing the impact of droughts and increasing
yields.
4. Mechanization: The Green Revolution also involved the mechanization of agriculture, with
the introduction of tractors and other modern farming equipment to increase efficiency and
productivity.
5. Knowledge Transfer: Agricultural extension services and training programs were established
to educate farmers about the new technologies and practices associated with the Green
Revolution.
6. Government Support: Many governments, particularly in developing countries, played a
crucial role in promoting the Green Revolution by providing subsidies, research funding, and
infrastructure development.
13. The Green Revolution had several
positive outcomes:
1. Increased Food Production: It significantly increased the global production of staple
crops, helping to alleviate food shortages and reduce hunger in many parts of the world.
2. Poverty Reduction: By increasing agricultural productivity, the Green Revolution
contributed to rural income growth and poverty reduction.
3. Economic Growth: The increased agricultural output stimulated economic growth and
provided a foundation for industrialization in some countries.
14. However, there were also concerns and criticisms
associated with the Green Revolution:
1. Environmental Impact: The increased use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides had adverse environmental effects, including soil degradation, water
pollution, and the loss of biodiversity.
2. Inequity: The benefits of the Green Revolution were not equally distributed,
and some small-scale farmers, especially in remote or marginalized regions,
struggled to access the necessary resources and technologies.
15. 3. Dependence on a Few Crop Varieties: The focus on a limited number of high-yielding
crop varieties led to a loss of crop diversity, which can be risky in the face of changing
environmental conditions and emerging pests and diseases.
4. Social Disruption: The shift from traditional farming practices to modern agriculture
sometimes led to social disruption and dislocation, particularly among rural communities.
While the Green Revolution played a crucial role in increasing food production and reducing
hunger in many parts of the world, it also highlighted the importance of sustainable and
environmentally friendly agricultural practices in the long term. Today, there is a growing
emphasis on sustainable agriculture that seeks to balance the need for increased food
production with environmental conservation and social equity.
16. CONCLUSION
◦ The Green Revolution was a tremendous success for many developing countries,
particularly India, providing them with unparalleled national food security.
◦ It signified the successful adaptation and transfer of the same agricultural scientific
revolution that the industrial countries had already appropriated.
◦ However, factors other than guaranteeing food security, such as the environment, poor
farmers, and their education about chemical know-how, received less attention.
◦ As a way forward, authorities must more clearly target the poor to guarantee that new
technologies help them more directly, and those technologies must also be more
environmentally friendly.
◦ Taking lessons from the past, such programs must also ensure that all beneficiaries are
included, as well as all regions, rather than focusing on a narrow field.
