Curriculum, Course, Syllabus, Instructions, Teaching, Educational Programs, Levels of Curriculum

1. CURRICULUM DESIGN
& INSTRUCTIONS
Hina Jalal (PhD Scholar)

3. Instruction
The definition of instruction and curriculum is subjective. Both curriculum and instruction may take on different
meanings based on the purpose or interpretation whether political, social, or educational. Curriculum is what is
taught in schools, instruction is how curriculum is delivered and learning is what knowledge or skill has been
acquired. The most common definition of curriculum is based on overt curriculum which supports an intentional
instructional agenda of an educational institute. Furthermore, curriculum is the content of what is being taught and
instruction is the implementation of teaching according academic curriculum. According to Random (2016) the term
instruction is derived from the late Middle English word instruction meaning to provide structure and direction.
Teaching
1. Traditional
2. Progressive
Smith’s view: In words of B.O. Smith, “Teaching is a system of actions intended to produce learning.”
N.L. Gage (1962) “Teaching is a form of interpersonal influence aimed at changing the behavior potential of
another person”.

4. Educational Program
An educational program is defined as a collection of educational activities which are organized to
accomplish a pre-determined objective or the completion of a specified set of educational tasks. The term
educational activities have a broader meaning than for instance the terms “course” or “class”. Educational
activities can be courses (e.g. the study of individual subjects) organized into programs as well as
freestanding courses. They can also include a variety of components not normally characterized as courses,
for example interludes of work experience in enterprises, research projects, and preparation of dissertations.
So, an educational program could simply be the study of a single subject leading to a recognized
qualification or it can be the study of a collection of subjects, along with perhaps a period of work
experience, all of which contribute towards the same qualification aim.

5. 1. The societal level is curriculum farthest removed from learners and is designed by the public, including politicians,
representatives of special interest groups, administrators at different levels, and professional specialists.
2. Institutional level curricula serve schools and are derived largely from societal curricula with modifications by local
educators and laypersons. This curriculum is commonly organized according to subjects and includes the topics and themes
to be studied.
3. The instructional curriculum refers to the one that teachers plan and deliver in schools. Teachers base instructional
curricula on what has been determined as necessary or desirable for their school by school authorities.
4. The experiential curriculum is the one perceived and experienced by students. What is experienced differs from one
student to the next because students have different backgrounds, motivations, and levels of aspirations, to name just a few
differences
Levels of Curriculum