The document describes a children detection system consisting of radar and communication components. The radar system uses a 5 GHz signal to detect children up to 1000m away from the school and transmits location information in real-time. Key radar blocks include a tone generator, filters, mixers, amplifiers, and antenna. The communication system operates at 2.4 GHz with a 20dBi antenna gain and transmits location data up to 100km. It receives signals down to -90dBm and has less than 3dB noise figure. Hand calculations confirm a detection range of over 1000m and received power of -75.64dBm at 100km.
2. Introduction:
Children’s safety comes first to their parents and school.
Sometimes due to their immaturity, the lack of judgment
on the danger, they would go to the dangerous area
intentionally or unintentionally. To ensure the safety of
children, our system is designed to accomplish following
function:
1. Detect the location if children go too far away from
the school for a set time (such as 10 mins).
2. The child’s location information would send to the
central station in real-time.
1. Project Overview
10. Simulation Result
Radar_Transmit
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
TONE (A1@1) AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A5@2) AMP_B (A4@2) CIRCULATOR (S1@2)
p1
p2
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
56.2 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
28.2 dBm
DB(|P_node(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,0,1,0)|)[1] (dBm)
radar_transmit
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,0,0))[1]
radar_transmit
p2: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 5 GHz
p1: Signal Node Power, dBm
Freq = 5 GHz
11. Yield Analysis
Radar_Transmit
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
TONE (A1@1) AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A5@2) AMP_B (A4@2) CIRCULATOR (S1@2)
p1
p2
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
16.5 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
34 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
44.5 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
62 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
56.2 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
28.2 dBm
DB(|P_node(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,0,1,0)|)[1] (dBm)
radar_transmit
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,0,0))[1]
radar_transmit
p2: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 5 GHz
p1: Signal Node Power, dBm
Freq = 5 GHz
12. where, ft = 5 GHz,, c = 3×108 m/s.
The minimum detectable received power (Pmin) is -90 dBm.
Detection Range
where, ft = 5 GHz Pt = 28.2 dBm, G = 30.5 dB, λ = c/ft = 0.06 m, σ = 1 m2.
Power Added Efficiency for TX
where, input RF power is, Pin = -28dBm, output RF power is, Pout = 28.2dBm, and total
DC power consumption is, PDC = PLNA + PDA + PPA + Pmixer = 6517 mW
EIRP=𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺 = 28.2𝑑𝐵𝑚 + 30.5𝑑𝐵 = 58.7𝑑𝐵𝑚 = 28.7𝑑𝐵𝑊
Hand Calculation-Radar TX
𝑃𝐴𝐸 =
𝑃𝑂𝑈𝑇 − 𝑃𝐼𝑁
𝑃 𝐷𝐶
= 10.1%
𝑅max = [
𝑃 𝑇 𝐺2λ2σ
𝑃 𝑚𝑖𝑛(4π)3]1/4
= 1108.75m
29. Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Key Electrical Specifications
Model BPF-WiMAX 2.3-2.6/5-1x2
Centre Frequency Stated with 2.3-2.6Ghz
Pass Range Width 30Mhz
Insertion Loss ≤0.8dB, typ. 0.7dB
32. Bandpass Filter
Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Reasonable Pass band
Key Electrical Specifications
Frequency Range 0.125 – 0.25GHz
Insertion Loss 1.3 dB
34. 4.Project Summary
• Compliance Matrix-Radar
Parameter Theoretical Value Actual Value Compliant
Operation Frequency
(GHz)
5 5 YES
Detection Range (m) 1000 1108.75 YES
Radar Cross Section
(RCS) (m2)
1 1 YES
Antenna type (size)
DISH DISH YES
Output power (dBm)
28.2 28.2 YES
Minimum Detectable
Signal (dBm)
-90 -90 YES
Antenna gain (dB) 30.5 30.5 YES
35. • Compliance Matrix-Communication
Parameter Theoretical Value Actual Value Compliant
Up link frequency
(GHz)
2.4 2.4 YES
Antenna gain(TX) (dBi) 20 20 YES
Antenna gain(RX) (dBi) 20 20 YES
Noise Figure (dB)
<3 2.153 YES
Transmitting power(Pt)
(dBm)
>23 24.4 YES
Receiving power(RX)
(dBm)
>-90 -75.6 YES
Antenna type Grid Grid YES
36. • DC power Consumption
Item Name Power Item Name Power
Radar-TX
LNA 1.04W
Radar-RX
LNA 1.2W
Oscillator 0.255W Oscillator 0.255W
Mixer 0.027W Mixer 0.027W
Power Amp 4.65W Power Amp 0.75W
Driver Amp 0.8W - -
Antenna 100W Antenna 100W
Comm-TX
IF Amplifier 270mW
Comm-RX
RF Amplifier 350mW
Oscillator 60mW Oscillator 60mW
Mixer 200mW Mixer 200mW
RF Amplifier 350mW IF Amplifier 270mW
Antenna 100W Antenna 100W
37. • 110V AC , Radar
• 5V DC to component
DC Power Source
38. Health , Environment & Consumer Issues
Because this system is working for kindergarten, healthy issue comes very
important to us.
Health: ANSI/IEEE Standard C95.1-1992 sets the safe radiation power density limit
as 10mw/cm2.
Due to the function : 𝑃 =
𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃
4𝜋𝑅2 = 1.5 m𝑊/𝑐𝑚2
Which is reasonable distance.
Environment : No pollution..
System Minimum Safety Distance (m)
Radar Channel 1.21
Communication Channel (2.4GHz) 0.45
40. Schedule
Start Date Finish Date
Build the system diagram 10/1/2016 10/10/2016
Design & simulation 10/11/2016 10/20/2016
Radar module design 10/21/2016 10/31/2016
Comm module design 11/1/2016 11/10/2016
Business Analysis 11/11/2016 11/15/2016
Integration system 11/16/2016 11/20/2016
Fabrication and Test 11/21/2016 11/30/2016
56. Bandpass Filter
Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Reasonable Passband
Key Electrical Specifications
Frequency Range 0.125 – 0.25GHz
Insertion Loss 1.3 dB
59. Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Key Electrical Specifications
Model BPF-WiMAX 2.3-2.6/5-1x2
Centre Frequency Stated with 2.3-2.6Ghz
Pass Range Width 30Mhz
Insertion Loss ≤0.8dB, typ. 0.7dB
61. Communication TX Maximum Range Analysis
• -90dBm=𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺𝑡 + 𝐺𝑟 + 10log10(𝜆/4πR)2
• So from equation above we can get
• 𝑅 𝑚𝑎𝑥= 552.3km
Communication TX EIRP
𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺𝑡=24.4+20=44.4dBm=27.54W
Communication TX Hand Calculation
62. Communication TX Power Analysis
PLNA = 3V×90mA = 0.27W
PMIXER = 5V×40mA = 0.2W
PAmp = 5V×70mA = 0.35W
Total DC power consumption is, PDC = PMIXER+PLNA+PAmp = 0.82W
Overall Power Added Efficiency is,
Communication TX PAE Hand Calculation
𝑃𝐴𝐸 =
𝑃𝑡 − 𝑃𝑖𝑛
𝑃𝑑𝑐
∗ 100% =
275.423𝑚𝑊 − 0.1585𝑚𝑊
820𝑚𝑊
∗ 100% = 33.57%