High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Noise in Communication by Attaullah Shafiq
1. Institute of Information & Communication
Technology, University of Sindh
Assigned by
Engr Abdul Wahab*
To
Hafiz Muhammad Attaullah
2K18/TCT/23
attaullahshafiq10@gmail.com
Analog Communication
Presentation Topic:
2. Introduction:
Signals travel through transmission media, Experience
some fluctuation due to impurities of medium’s
materiel. The fluctuation causes signal impairment.
NOISE
Impairment
causes
Attenuation Distortion Noise
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
2
3. NOISE
Noise is another cause of impairment.
• Noise is Described an unwanted signal which
effects a wanted signal.
• Noise in communication produce both in the
channel and communication equipment's.
• It may considered in one of two main categories.
i. Interference (usually from a human source “man made”).
ii. Naturally occurring random noise.
NOISE
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
3
4. •This means that the signal at the beginning of the medium is not
the same as some noise factor produce in original signal and we get
a noisy signal at the reciever
NOISE
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
4
6. Types of Noise:
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
NOISE
Noise
Internal
Noise
Thermal
Noise
Short Noise
Transit Time
Noise
External
Noise
Atmospheric
Noise
Extra
terrestrial
Noise
Man Made
Noise
6
7. • Internal Noise
• It is generated in communication equipment that are
transmitter, medium, amplifier and receiver.
• It is produced in equipments.
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
7
•Receptions
•Reproduction
NOISE
• External Noise
• It is generated by external sources(thermal
temperature or any other environmental changes).
8. When is noise Noise
NOISE
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
8
9. Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
9
Origins of noise
NOISE
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
9
•Electrical signal on a coaxial wire
•Optical signals on a fiber optics
•Electromagnetic signals through the air(wireless)
10. Effects of NOISE:
NOISE
Noise corrupts the signal.
Electrical noise can effects performance of the
system severely.
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
10
11. SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)
• It is the ratio of wanted signal to unwanted
signal(noisy signal).
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
11
NOISE
•If SNR increase, signal will less corrupted by noise.
•If SNR will decrees, Signal will more corrupted by noise.
12. Bit Errors (Digital Signals)
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
12
NOISE
Transmits bits of information from transmitter to Receiver:
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 (Bit Stream)
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (Reception)
• Noise also disrupts the quality of communication in
digital signals b/w sender & receiver in the medium,
which causes a bit error.
13. Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
13
Bit Errors (Digital Signals)
• Noise also disrupts the quality of communication in
digital signals b/w sender & receiver in the medium,
which causes a bit error.
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
13
NOISE
Transmits bits of information from transmitter to Receiver:
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 (Bit Stream)
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (Reception)
Bit error occur during the communication
14. Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
14
NOISE
Bit Error Rate(BER)
• Average rate of Bit Error is aka BER.
• We can say BER is the no. of bit error per unit
time/total number of transmitted bits
=
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
• It can be employed to characterize the performance of a communication system.
15. Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
15
=
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
NOISE
• For instance if 10,000 bits are transmitted, 100 bits are
received in error average BER
Example
=
100
10,000
= 0.01 𝑜𝑟 1%
16. Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
16
Bit Error Probabilities(Pe)
NOISE
• BER can also be expressed as a probability.
• Bit error probability(Pe) is the expectation value of
bit error ratio.
• Manually probability is b/w 0 & 1. but for the
probability of Bit Error is 0<=Pe<=0.5
• It means maximum BER=0.5
17. Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
17
Additive Noise:
• Additive noise is the sum of noises produce in
the signals, while travelling through the
medium.
NOISE
X→CHANNEL→𝑌𝑛𝑓(at medium) → Add NOISE→Y(at receiver)
𝑌𝑛𝑓[𝑛] =
𝑚=0
𝑚=𝑛
ℎ 𝑚 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑚]
𝑌 𝑛 = 𝑌𝑛𝑓 𝑛 + 𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒[𝑛] =
𝑚=0
𝑚=𝑛
ℎ 𝑚 𝑥[𝑛 − 𝑚] + 𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒[𝑛]
18. Noise Statistics
Attaullah Shafiq (2k18/TCT/23) IICT
University of Sindh
18
NOISE
𝜇 =
𝑛=0
𝑁−1
𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒[𝑛]
𝑁
Noise Sampling mean
Noise of Variance
𝜎2 =
𝑛=0
𝑁−1
𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑛 − 𝜇 2
𝑁