Pre-experimental designs are a weak form of experimental research with no control over extraneous variables, often used for pilot studies. Types include one shot case study, one group pretest-post-test design, and static group comparison, each lacking control groups and pretesting. While they are convenient for novice researchers, they raise significant concerns regarding internal and external validity and the generalizability of findings.

1. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
BY- GURKIRAT SINGH KALER
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2. Pre-experimental designs
It is a weak form of experimental research, and not
commonly used in medical and health research. Here
researcher will not have any control over extraneous
variables. The pre-experimental research designs are
commonly used for pilot study / testing.
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3. Types of pre-experimental designs
One shot case study
One group pretest-post-test design
Static group comparison
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4. One shot case study
A single group is studied once after some intervention/treatment that is presumed to cause
change. In this no pretest is conducted and there is no control group for comparison. Here it is
difficult for the researcher to find the effect of intervention without control groups and
without pretesting of variables.
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EXPERIMENT
GROUP
TREATMENT POST-TEST

5. One group pretest-post-test design
It is a simplest type of pre-experimental research. Non randomized selection of participants is
given pretest followed by treatment/intervention is administered and finally a post-test is
carried out. here there is no control group for comparison and usually carried out with an
intact group.
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EXPERIMENTA
L
GROUP
PRE-TEST
TREATMEN
T POST-TEST

6. Static group comparison
One group which has experienced a treatment/intervention is compared to another group that
did not have the intervention. The group's participants are chosen nonrandomized method and
are generally pre-existing groups. There is on preobervation/pretest.
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EXPERIMENT
GROUP
CONTROL
GROUP
TREATMENT
X
POST-TEST
POST-TEST

7. ADVANTAGES OF PRE-EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNS
It is easy and more convenient method for carry out the
study in natural setting.
It is more appropriate and helpful for the novice researcher
to understand the research methodology and research
process.
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8. Disadvantages of pre-experimental
designs
It is a very weak experimental research where there is
always a possibility of threat to internal and external
validity.
Lack credibility to generalize the findings to the general
population.
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