The document discusses pre-experimental research designs, which are the simplest form of experimentation that lack a control group. It describes three types of pre-experimental designs: one shot case study design, one group pre-test post-test design, and static group comparison design. These designs are useful for exploratory research, pilot studies, preliminary investigations, and evaluating educational interventions when resources are limited.

1. Pre-experimental Research
Designs & It’s Uses
Sani Prince Sarkar
Research Scholar
Department of Education
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

2. Research Design
 a crucial aspect of the research process
 encompasses the overall plan of the research work
 outlines structure and strategy employed to answer a research
question or test a hypothesis.
 guides the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.
 choice of research design depends on the nature of the research
question, the type of data needed, and the researcher's goals

3. Experimental Research Design
 a study to test an idea, practice, or procedure to determine
whether to affect the outcome or dependent variable.
 a systematic approach used in scientific research
 investigate cause-effect relationships between variables
 perform carefully in a controlled environment
 involves the intentional manipulation of one or more
independent variables to observe their impact on a
dependent

4. Experimental Research Design
Characteristics
 Manipulation of Variables
 Control Group
 Cause-effect Relationship
 Randomization

5. Types of Experimental Design
1. Pre-experimental Design
2. True experimental Design
3. Quasi-experimental Design

6. Pre-experimental Design
 simplest form of research design that follows the basic
steps in the experiment
 does not have a comparison group
 considered as very weak in terms of control
 less control over the experiment
 includes one or more than one experimental group to be
observed against certain treatments.

7. Types of Pre-experimental Design
There are three types of Pre-experimental designs.
1. One Shot Case Study Design
2. One Group Pre-test Post-test Design
3. Static Group Comparison Design

8. One Shot Case Study Design
 this design includes a single experimental group, on a single
occasion after experiencing some event, treatment, or intervention
 observations are made after the implementation of that treatment
 no random assignment of the subjects to the experimental group
 no control group

9. One Group Pre-test Post-test Design
 the simplest type of pre-experimental design
 only the experimental group is selected as the study subjects
 a pre-test of the dependent variable is made before the
implementation of the treatment in the selected group
 after treatment, a post-test is carried out to assess the effect of
treatment on the group
 this design measures the effect of intervention before (pre-test)
and after the experiment (post-test)
 there is no control group in this design

10. One Group Pre-test Post-test Design

11. Static Group Comparison Design
 two groups: Experimental Group and Control Group
 no random selection of the participants
 the researcher assumes the two groups are equivalent at the start
 no pre-test; dependent variable measured after treatment
 post-test compares the effect of the independent or treatment variable
 better performance in the experimental group indicates the
independent variable's responsibility for change in the dependent
variable

12. Static Group Comparison Design

13. Uses of Pre-experimental Design
This design is often the first step in the research process and can provide
valuable insights that inform future studies.
 Exploratory Studies: exploring a new area of study or phenomenon
 Pilot Studies: to test the feasibility before conducting larger, more
rigorous experiments
 Preliminary Investigations: investigations between variables to
provide initial evidence for the presence or absence of relationships
 One-Shot Case Study: provide preliminary evidence of the
potential effects of an intervention

14. Contd…
 One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design: examine changes within the
group over time
 Time-Series Designs: provide insights into how outcomes change
over time by measuring the dependent variable at multiple time
points before and after the introduction of an intervention
 Feasibility Studies: assess whether a larger-scale experimental
study is practical and achievable given the available resources and
constraints
 Educational Research: evaluate the effectiveness of teaching
methods, interventions, or programs in real-world settings