4. Production
Stage 2
Contains all the necessary
production details, such as
location, crews, and equipment
for a single-camera or multi-
camera production, are worked
out.”
5. Post-production
Last phase/last stage
Footage and recorded sound
are edited.
Includes the color correction of
video clips, selection or
background music, and addition
of special audio effects.
6. During the production stage:
Cameras
Most TV shows use more then one cameras so as to take
various footages from different angles and points of view
https://bit.ly/3yUWWME https://bit.ly/3lmrT9q https://bit.ly/3yS2qHI
7. During the production stage:
Lights
Lighting equipment is used to provide adequate illumination
to a raw footage, to highlight objects or elements in the
screen, or to establish a general mood for the show.
https://bit.ly/404NIZV https://bit.ly/3JqdlgE
8. During the production stage:
Sound Recorders
Some popular kinds of microphones are camera microphones
or microphones that are attached to the camera, handheld
microphones
https://bit.ly/3TzpHrO https://bit.ly/3Z2bBQD
9. During the production stage:
Editing tools
Various editing programs/ software can be used for video
editing.
Adobe Premiere Pro - https://bit.ly/40oyuPj
12. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
News
Programs reporting on current events, whether they
may be local, regional. national or international
https://bit.ly/404RFOf https://bit.ly/40146L2 https://bit.ly/42qWWRX
13. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Recreation and Leisure
Programs about
recreational or
outdoor activities,
hobby or skill
development, or
travel
http://bitly.ws/C6Af
http://bitly.ws/C6Az
14. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Variety
Programs that contain different kinds of entertaining
performances
https://bit.ly/3nd71Se https://bit.ly/407ybbQ
15. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Analysis and Interpretation
Programs that involve panel discussions or talks on specific
topics
16. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Sports
Programs that cover sport events and competitions
17. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Game Shows
Programs that feature contestants who participate in games
of skill and chance
https://bit.ly/3JDbsgG
http://bitly.ws/C6Az
18. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Documentary
Non-fiction narratives that aim to inform or educate
https://bit.ly/3JYoW8r
https://bit.ly/3mZn0TV
19. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Drama and Comedy
Programs with fictional narratives that fall under either
drama, comedy, or dramedy, (drama and comedy)
https://bit.ly/3n8UZte https://bit.ly/3LM1bBT
20. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
General Entertainment/Human
Interest
Programs that often feature celebrities and entertainment
icons
https://bit.ly/40saDhU https://bit.ly/3z32i8l
21. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Religion
Programs that tackle religion or religious teachings
https://bit.ly/3LFD1c0
22. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Music and Dance
Programs that air pre-recorded music or dance performances
https://bit.ly/3FINXln
http://bitly.ws/C6Ee
23. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Reality
Programs that document unsripted, actual events that feature
ordinary people
https://bit.ly/3LIw3mC https://bit.ly/3LBpwtY
24. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Educational
Shows that provide instruction for students or young learners
http://bitly.ws/C6Et http://bitly.ws/C6Ew
25.
26. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Music Video Programs
Shows that air music videos
27. TV programs can be categorized into the following:
Public Service Announcements
Short programs used to educate people about events or issues
that are of public concern
29. Radio Production focus on three things:
1. Human Voice or spoken word
2. Music
3. Sound effects
30. Characteristics of conversational script:
a. Simply worded without any difficult or
unfamiliar words
b. Sentences are short and simple
c. Each sentence expresses only one idea
d. Words chosen are not vague or abstract
e. Words should help the audience imagine
the visual and tactile elements of the story.
31. Production team consists of:
Producer
Manages the whole program from pre-
production to post-production; responsible
for maintaining the quality of the program
Presenter
Function as the program host; decides the
flow and content of the program along with
the producer
32. Production team consists of:
Researcher
In charge of the research required in making a
radio program as credible and up-to-date as
possible
Broadcasting Assistant
Assists the producer and the presenter during
a show; involves various tasks and
responsibilities
33. Production team consists of:
Sound Operator
Responsible for the sound quality; ensures
that the sound equipment is ready for
broadcast
36. 1 2
When we study film, we consider the following:
What would make
your film unique or
different?
Who is the target
audience?
37. 3 4
When we study film, we consider the following:
How long should be
the film?
Where and how can
the film be shot?
38. 5 6
When we study film, we consider the following:
What equipment do
you need?
How do you want
your film to look,
sound, or feel like?
39. 7
When we study film, we consider the following:
What genre is your film under?
40. LOGLINE
It is the film’s version of
newspaper headline, immediately
saying what the story is about.
41. Treatment
According to UCLA School of Theater,
Film and Television, it is a two-page
document that should read like a
short story and be written in the
present tense
42. Treatment
a) A working title
b) A logline
c) An introduction of the key characters
d) Who, what, when, where and why
e) A summary of act two, wherein the conflicts
in act one lead to a crisis; and
f) A summary of act three, wherein the final
conflict and resolution are dramatized
43. elements
Scene heading or slug line
INT. Joanna’s Bedroom - DAY
INTERIOR OR
EXTERIOR
LOCATION OF THE SCENE
TIME
OF
THE
DAY
46. STORYBOARD
“a panel or series of panels on which
a set of sketches is arranged
depicting consecutively the
important changes of scene and
action in a series of shots.”
“map that provides instructions to
the actors, cameraperson, editor,
and support team.”
49. SHOT LIST
It is a document that enumerates and describes
the shots needed to complete during filming.
According to Torres and Kallen:
“acts as a guide for the director of
photography as to what needs to be shot and
when.”
51. Camera shot types are also
referred to as viewing distance.
They describe the distance
between the camera and the
subject.
52. A single 'run' of the camera. This is the basic
unit from which a film is constructed. The length
of each shot determines the pace and rhythm of
the scene. The typical shot lasts around 5-8
seconds.
To start discussing a film's construction, you'll
need to understand the following terms...
Shot
• A Long Take – reveals complex scenes,
often with in them, as they unfold in real
time.
• A Short Take – can last under a second and
switches rapidly.
53. A group of shots depicting
one action, or, which
seem to belong with or
depend upon each other.
A typical sequence might
be between 3 to 18 shots)
Sequence
A group of sequences
which depict an event in
the story and occur in one
place.
A scene is generally a
larger unit than a
sequence.
Scene
54. Different kind of shots and camera angles
1. Establishing Shot
A shot used at the beginning of a sequence
to establish the setting
55.
56. Different kind of shots and camera angles
2. Wide Shot
A shot that shows the relation of the
subject to their surroundings by showing
the subject’s full body
57.
58. Different kind of shots and camera angles
3. Extreme Wide Shot
A shot wherein the camera is so far from
the subject that they are almost not visible
59.
60. Different kind of shots and camera angles
4. Medium Shot
A shot in which the subject is seen from
waist up
61.
62.
63. Different kind of shots and camera angles
5. Close Up
A shot in which the subject is tightly framed
64.
65. Different kind of shots and camera angles
6. Extreme Close Up
A short that focuses on a particular detail of
the subject
66.
67. Different kind of shots and camera angles
7. Two Shot
A short that frames two people
68.
69. Different kind of shots and camera angles
8. Over the Shoulder Shot
A shot showing the point of view of the
subject but including part of the subject’s
shoulder
70.
71. Different kind of shots and camera angles
9. Point-of-View Shot
A shot that shows what the subject is
looking at; used to make the audience feel
as though they were looking through the
eyes of the subject
72.
73. Different kind of shots and camera angles
10. Low Angle Shot
A shot wherein the camera is placed below
the eye line; used to emphasize the
subject’s dominance power
74.
75. Different kind of shots and camera angles
11. High Angle Shot
A shot wherein the camera is place above
the eye line; used to emphasize the
subject’s vulnerability
76.
77. Different kind of shots and camera angles
12. Top Shot
A shot directly looking down on a scene;
also called the bird’s-eye view shot
78.
79.
80. An actor is seen from the
waist up (this is the most
common type of shot). It
shows emotion through
facial expression as well
as body language.
An actor’s entire body is
seen as well as some of
the setting. It shows a
character's emotion
through posture and
gesture.
An object or an actor’s
head takes up most of the
screen. It is used to reveal
emotion through facial
expression.
Close-up Shot Mid Shot Long Shot
81. This shows the landscape of the film
with a barely visible character in the
distance. It is used to show setting or
make a person look small or
vulnerable in their surroundings.
Extreme Close-Up Shot Extreme Long Shot
This is a very close shot and may be
only a small part of an object or
person. It is used to raw our focus to
show a specific detail.
82. High Angle Low Angle Eye Level
Shot
The camera is
positioned above the
subject, looking down.
This makes the subject
looks small, weak,
powerless or
insignificant.
The camera is
positioned below the
subject, looking up. It
makes the subject looks
large, imposing and
powerful.
The audience sees the
subject straight on (this
is the most common
type of shot). The
subject is observed with
no bias.
83. Birdseye
View
Undershot Dutch Tilt
The camera is tilted on
it’s axis so it produces an
image that is similar to
tilting one’s head on the
side. It’s often used to
convey tension or chaos.
The camera is positioned
directly beneath the
subject. It is often
coupled with point-of-
view shots when the
character is looking up at
something.
The camera is placed
overhead or directly
above the subject.
Characters and objects
are made to look small
compared to their
surroundings.
85. Separate subject
from the
background by
forming a silhouette
Used to highlight
the background
without
overpowering the
light directed
toward the subject
Used to highlight
the subject
88. This is the process of assembling and
splicing together the various shots which
comprise a film.
The editing speed (or tempo) of a particular
sequence is also an important consideration.
Fast editing generates excitement and
anticipation and slow editing has a calming
and relaxing effect on the viewer.
Editing
89. Some
common
editing
technique
s are as
follows:
Cut – two shots are joined in a
way that looks like an
instantaneous change between
shots.
Fade – The image appears or
disappears gradually by slowly
fading to black, white or another
colour. The fade is often used as a
division between scenes.
Dissolve – an image on screen
slowly fades away while the next
image slowly fades in (either a
voiceover or a piece of music).
90. Some
common
editing
techniques
are as
follows:
Parallel Editing/Cross-cutting –
cuts between scenes that are
happening simultaneously but in
different locations.
Point-of-view Edit – a series of
shots reveal what a character is
seeing and their reaction to it via
facial expression
Montage – a series of shots from
different settings or times shown in
sequence to create a continuous
reality. There is usually voiceover
or music played over the top.
92. • It creates mood or atmosphere
• It establishes setting
• It reinforces or foreshadows
certain events
• It gives meaning to a character's
actions or translates their
thoughts
Music in film is a powerful
emotional trigger that
achieves a number of
things:
Music
93. • Sound effects are most often added into the
movie post production.
• Many times when filming a scene with
multiple actions going on at the same time,
such as dialogue, sword fighting and other
background action, sound effects are added
to make the effect louder.
Sound
Effects
Sound effects are any sound, other
than music or speech, artificially
reproduced to create an effect.
94. • In addition, a movie could have a
monologue where a character is speaking
out loud when he or she is alone or a
voiceover where they speak over a
sequence of events.
• A character can convey a range of emotions
or ideas through the voice they adopt when
delivering dialogue.
Dialogue & Voice
Dialogue is defined as a
conversation between two or more
people in a movie.
96. The setting is the place in which the action
occurs. It gives us information about the time,
location and atmosphere.
It can also provide challenges for the
characters to overcome.
Settings can convey ideas for example
opulence, squalor, a particular culture etc.
Setting
97. Costumes can quickly convey a
good deal about characters.
Costumes are carefully chosen to
represent a range of things about
characters – their occupation, age,
status, personality, mood and so on.
Colours are generally used
symbolically when it comes to
costume.
Costume
98. Props
Objects that actors manipulate or that
are a part of the set are called props.
They too can reveal information about
character, setting, and themes.
Think about the symbolism or
connotations of different objects.
99. Acting, like painting and filmmaking, is an art
and there are many tools that an actor has
at his or her disposal to communicate a
character to an audience. Consider the
following:
Acting
• Body language – Including facial
expression, gesture, posture and
movement,
• Voice & delivery of lines - the way that
an actor chooses to say his or her lines
