Lecture 1 in the Research Methods series.
See also notes for the Research Methods series: http://www.slideshare.net/lenallis/research-methods-lectures-notes
This lecture series aims to cover the basics of research methods for undergraduate students. By the end of the series students should understand:
-Why research is important
-How to identify good and bad sources of information
-How read critically
-How to write clearly
-Quantitative and Qualitative research
-The basics of experimental method
The overall point should be for students to take the activity of research seriously, but also to be motivated to go and conduct research and engage critically with material.
This document provides advice for students on how to do research from Xiao Qin, an associate professor at Auburn University. It outlines Qin's career path in research from undergraduate to current position. The document then gives 10 pieces of advice for being a successful research assistant, including managing your time well, developing intellectual discipline, being proactive, learning to communicate, developing an intellectual community, networking, choosing a good research problem, understanding faculty, studying successful people, and having a life outside of research. It directs students to Qin's webpage and slideshares for further resources.
Libraries play an important role in society by disseminating knowledge and supporting education. They do this by providing access to knowledge resources and materials, as well as referrals that support teaching, research, and training. Additionally, libraries build good reading habits, encourage lifelong learning, and promote the spread of knowledge, information, education, and culture throughout communities. Overall, libraries democratize information and link people to knowledge sources, which is important for the progress and development of society.
Library instruction consists of programs designed to teach library users how to locate information quickly and effectively. It covers organizing materials, research methodologies, and resources. Library instruction began in the late 19th century and increased in the early 20th century and 1960s-1970s. The library's instruction mission should align with institutional goals and recognize learner diversity. Instruction content and methods should develop critical thinking in line with information literacy standards. Comprehensive instruction programs integrate information literacy across the academic experience.
A powerpoint tutorial for library users to enable them to access 21 databases: ABI/Inform, Academic Research, AST Social Science Plus, Education, Computing, etc
The document proposes updating the 2010 PAARL Library Standards. It notes that standards should provide guidance towards an ideal rather than just represent averages. It reviews key areas to assess libraries, including their collections, organization, staff, and services. The presentation discusses why standards need updating given changes in technology, roles of libraries, and information environments. It outlines the process for revising standards, including gathering input through surveys and discussions. Significant changes proposed include recognizing multiple formats for collections, emphasizing access over ownership, incorporating library 2.0 concepts, and expanding services for distance learning.
This document discusses authorship in scientific research publications. Authorship is important for several reasons, including scientists' responsibility to publish findings, peer review ensuring published work is valid, and authorship being necessary for career advancement. As research has become more collaborative, authorship criteria are needed to determine who deserves credit. To be an author, one should make a significant intellectual contribution and be prepared to defend the work. The document outlines appropriate and unethical authorship practices, and emphasizes the importance of accountability in authorship to avoid misconduct.
This document provides advice for students on how to do research from Xiao Qin, an associate professor at Auburn University. It outlines Qin's career path in research from undergraduate to current position. The document then gives 10 pieces of advice for being a successful research assistant, including managing your time well, developing intellectual discipline, being proactive, learning to communicate, developing an intellectual community, networking, choosing a good research problem, understanding faculty, studying successful people, and having a life outside of research. It directs students to Qin's webpage and slideshares for further resources.
Libraries play an important role in society by disseminating knowledge and supporting education. They do this by providing access to knowledge resources and materials, as well as referrals that support teaching, research, and training. Additionally, libraries build good reading habits, encourage lifelong learning, and promote the spread of knowledge, information, education, and culture throughout communities. Overall, libraries democratize information and link people to knowledge sources, which is important for the progress and development of society.
Library instruction consists of programs designed to teach library users how to locate information quickly and effectively. It covers organizing materials, research methodologies, and resources. Library instruction began in the late 19th century and increased in the early 20th century and 1960s-1970s. The library's instruction mission should align with institutional goals and recognize learner diversity. Instruction content and methods should develop critical thinking in line with information literacy standards. Comprehensive instruction programs integrate information literacy across the academic experience.
A powerpoint tutorial for library users to enable them to access 21 databases: ABI/Inform, Academic Research, AST Social Science Plus, Education, Computing, etc
The document proposes updating the 2010 PAARL Library Standards. It notes that standards should provide guidance towards an ideal rather than just represent averages. It reviews key areas to assess libraries, including their collections, organization, staff, and services. The presentation discusses why standards need updating given changes in technology, roles of libraries, and information environments. It outlines the process for revising standards, including gathering input through surveys and discussions. Significant changes proposed include recognizing multiple formats for collections, emphasizing access over ownership, incorporating library 2.0 concepts, and expanding services for distance learning.
This document discusses authorship in scientific research publications. Authorship is important for several reasons, including scientists' responsibility to publish findings, peer review ensuring published work is valid, and authorship being necessary for career advancement. As research has become more collaborative, authorship criteria are needed to determine who deserves credit. To be an author, one should make a significant intellectual contribution and be prepared to defend the work. The document outlines appropriate and unethical authorship practices, and emphasizes the importance of accountability in authorship to avoid misconduct.
User studies: enquiry foundations and methodological considerationsGiannis Tsakonas
User studies aim to understand how users interact with and utilize information sources. There are two main types of user studies: usage studies which examine what, why, and how much is used, and behavior studies which examine how and why something is used. Methodologically, user studies employ various qualitative and quantitative methods like interviews, surveys, observations, and log/keystroke analysis to understand user behaviors and inform systems design.
The Library’s Role in the Accreditation Processnulibrary
This document discusses the role of libraries in the university accreditation process. It explains that accreditation involves an external review to evaluate the quality of academic programs based on standardized criteria. Libraries must demonstrate that they provide adequate resources, such as books, journals, and databases, to support the curriculum. The accreditation process involves a self-study, site visits, and ongoing reviews to maintain standards. Libraries play an important role by showing that their resources meet the specific requirements for accreditation in their field of study.
This document discusses the LIS (Library and Information Science) profession in Pakistan. It begins by defining what a profession is and describing the evolution of the LIS field from early materials like stone and leaves to modern digital libraries and resources. It then provides an overview of the current state of the LIS profession in Pakistan, including challenges around funding, resources, and lack of standardized pay scales and career structures. The document concludes by outlining some opportunities for the profession in Pakistan, such as funding opportunities, digital resources, continuing education programs, and job prospects in the growing private sector.
Paper Presented during International Conference on What’s next in libraries? Trends, Space, and partnerships held during January 21-23, 2015 at NIT Silchar, Assam. It is being jointly organized by NIT Silchar, in association with its USA partner the Mortenson Center for International Library Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
What are School Libraries and School Librarians?Johan Koren
Looks at definitions and roles of the school library and the school librarian and follows the development of standards and guidelines for school libraries from 1845-2009. Considers also the radical new definition set out by R. David Lankes.
The document provides an introduction and overview of resources and services available at the Lartz Memorial Library located at Penn State Shenango, including information on library hours, collections, study spaces, technology resources, online databases, borrowing policies, research help, and contact information for librarians. Key resources highlighted include books, periodicals, media, study areas, group study rooms, computers, printing, and research guides and databases accessible online or through other Penn State libraries.
This document provides a guide for librarians with activity ideas to engage library patrons. It includes reading, art, music, educational, and games activities for children, students, and adults. Suggested activities include reading techniques, storytelling, drawing, origami, songs, puzzles, and games to promote literacy, learning, teamwork and communication skills. The guide encourages librarians to be creative in organizing additional activities.
Great School Libraries! Powering learning, teaching and literacyCILIP
Great school libraries and librarians can make a positive impact on learning, teaching, and the whole school. They support students by developing independent learning, literacy skills, and digital skills. They support teachers through curriculum resources, collaboration on lessons, and professional development. They benefit the whole school by creating inspiring learning spaces, supporting wellbeing, and being a community hub. Research shows schools with strong library programs see higher test scores, engagement, and overall achievement from students.
World Almanac and Book of Facts Ready Reference Guidedsiegel23
The document provides information about The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2017. It describes the publication as a reference work containing various facts about subjects like world events and sports. The almanac can be accessed both online and in print, and contains information that is useful for students, researchers, and general readers seeking information on diverse topics. It also outlines how to locate and make use of the almanac within a library setting.
This document contains the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 9246, also known as "The Philippine Librarianship Act of 2003". It establishes the Professional Regulatory Board for Librarians to regulate the practice of librarianship in the Philippines. The Board is composed of 3 members appointed by the President and has powers to administer exams, issue licenses, investigate complaints and enforce ethical standards for librarians. It also defines the scope of librarianship practice and qualifications needed to sit for the licensure exam.
This document provides suggestions for activities to celebrate School Library Month throughout April. It includes daily posts with a quote from an author, a suggested professional development link or activity for school librarians, and proposed programs or events for different grade levels. Suggestions range from hosting breakfast or lunch events in the library to creating book displays and trailers, running reading challenges and contests, and more. The goal is to promote the school library and engage students with a different activity each day during the month.
Lis 17 -public libraries: Governance of Public LibrariesMaryV Navarro
The document discusses the governance, services, and operations of public libraries. It explains that public libraries are established and funded by local governments to serve their constituents. They provide educational, informational, and recreational resources to all members of the community. Public libraries are governed by local boards and offer services like lending materials, children's programming, and electronic resources. Maintaining adequate funding and collections are important to ensure public libraries can fulfill their role of serving the information needs of the community.
This document summarizes the current state of school libraries in the Philippines. It discusses the laws and guidelines established by the Department of Education to support school library development. Key initiatives to bridge the gap between public and private school libraries are also outlined, such as the Library Hub Project which establishes book warehouses in each region. The implementation of Media and Information Literacy as a core subject in the senior high school curriculum is also described. Challenges remain in ensuring all schools comply with standards for school libraries.
The document is a cover letter for a survey asking a participant to complete questionnaires for a graduate student's research project. It explains that the survey should take about [time] to complete, participation is voluntary, and responses will remain confidential. It also provides information on how to return the completed survey and who to contact if the participant has any other questions or concerns about the research.
This Library Orientation through power point presentation is about the kind of services, resources available in the Christ College Library, for new batch students.
This is a power point presentation on Class Library especially prepared for Kendriya Vidyalaya Librarians and Teachers. It describes how to organize library for primary students.
The SCONUL Seven Pillars of Information Literacy model provides a framework for developing information literacy skills. The original 1999 model focused on skills but has since been expanded to also address attitudes and behaviors. The updated model takes the form of a "landscape" or "doughnut" shape rather than linear steps, making it more flexible and adaptable to different contexts and user groups. It also incorporates ideas from the Researcher Development Framework to emphasize information literacy for researchers.
The Library Then and Now: Its Importance and Relevance to the Present Genera...Fe Angela Verzosa
presented at PAARL’s seminar outreach program on “The Essence of the Library as the Heart of an Educational Institution,” held at St. Augustine School, Iba, Zambales, Philippines on 2006 Sep 28
This document outlines a presentation by Dr. P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar from Stanford University on research. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding. It discusses differences between engineering and science, and says classifying research as good or bad is not meaningful. It also addresses what constitutes a research paper, differences between academic and industry research, and lists "commandments" for creativity and success in research. The overall message is that research makes researchers better learners by developing in-depth skills and solving real problems.
This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as investigating relationships between variables through collection and analysis of numerical data. Key characteristics include using structured instruments to gather data from large, representative samples in a way that can be replicated. Quantitative research aims to classify features, count them, and statistically explain observations. Strengths include generalizability and ability to predict outcomes, while weaknesses include lack of contextual understanding. The document also introduces key quantitative research concepts like variables, types of variables, and research design.
User studies: enquiry foundations and methodological considerationsGiannis Tsakonas
User studies aim to understand how users interact with and utilize information sources. There are two main types of user studies: usage studies which examine what, why, and how much is used, and behavior studies which examine how and why something is used. Methodologically, user studies employ various qualitative and quantitative methods like interviews, surveys, observations, and log/keystroke analysis to understand user behaviors and inform systems design.
The Library’s Role in the Accreditation Processnulibrary
This document discusses the role of libraries in the university accreditation process. It explains that accreditation involves an external review to evaluate the quality of academic programs based on standardized criteria. Libraries must demonstrate that they provide adequate resources, such as books, journals, and databases, to support the curriculum. The accreditation process involves a self-study, site visits, and ongoing reviews to maintain standards. Libraries play an important role by showing that their resources meet the specific requirements for accreditation in their field of study.
This document discusses the LIS (Library and Information Science) profession in Pakistan. It begins by defining what a profession is and describing the evolution of the LIS field from early materials like stone and leaves to modern digital libraries and resources. It then provides an overview of the current state of the LIS profession in Pakistan, including challenges around funding, resources, and lack of standardized pay scales and career structures. The document concludes by outlining some opportunities for the profession in Pakistan, such as funding opportunities, digital resources, continuing education programs, and job prospects in the growing private sector.
Paper Presented during International Conference on What’s next in libraries? Trends, Space, and partnerships held during January 21-23, 2015 at NIT Silchar, Assam. It is being jointly organized by NIT Silchar, in association with its USA partner the Mortenson Center for International Library Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
What are School Libraries and School Librarians?Johan Koren
Looks at definitions and roles of the school library and the school librarian and follows the development of standards and guidelines for school libraries from 1845-2009. Considers also the radical new definition set out by R. David Lankes.
The document provides an introduction and overview of resources and services available at the Lartz Memorial Library located at Penn State Shenango, including information on library hours, collections, study spaces, technology resources, online databases, borrowing policies, research help, and contact information for librarians. Key resources highlighted include books, periodicals, media, study areas, group study rooms, computers, printing, and research guides and databases accessible online or through other Penn State libraries.
This document provides a guide for librarians with activity ideas to engage library patrons. It includes reading, art, music, educational, and games activities for children, students, and adults. Suggested activities include reading techniques, storytelling, drawing, origami, songs, puzzles, and games to promote literacy, learning, teamwork and communication skills. The guide encourages librarians to be creative in organizing additional activities.
Great School Libraries! Powering learning, teaching and literacyCILIP
Great school libraries and librarians can make a positive impact on learning, teaching, and the whole school. They support students by developing independent learning, literacy skills, and digital skills. They support teachers through curriculum resources, collaboration on lessons, and professional development. They benefit the whole school by creating inspiring learning spaces, supporting wellbeing, and being a community hub. Research shows schools with strong library programs see higher test scores, engagement, and overall achievement from students.
World Almanac and Book of Facts Ready Reference Guidedsiegel23
The document provides information about The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2017. It describes the publication as a reference work containing various facts about subjects like world events and sports. The almanac can be accessed both online and in print, and contains information that is useful for students, researchers, and general readers seeking information on diverse topics. It also outlines how to locate and make use of the almanac within a library setting.
This document contains the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 9246, also known as "The Philippine Librarianship Act of 2003". It establishes the Professional Regulatory Board for Librarians to regulate the practice of librarianship in the Philippines. The Board is composed of 3 members appointed by the President and has powers to administer exams, issue licenses, investigate complaints and enforce ethical standards for librarians. It also defines the scope of librarianship practice and qualifications needed to sit for the licensure exam.
This document provides suggestions for activities to celebrate School Library Month throughout April. It includes daily posts with a quote from an author, a suggested professional development link or activity for school librarians, and proposed programs or events for different grade levels. Suggestions range from hosting breakfast or lunch events in the library to creating book displays and trailers, running reading challenges and contests, and more. The goal is to promote the school library and engage students with a different activity each day during the month.
Lis 17 -public libraries: Governance of Public LibrariesMaryV Navarro
The document discusses the governance, services, and operations of public libraries. It explains that public libraries are established and funded by local governments to serve their constituents. They provide educational, informational, and recreational resources to all members of the community. Public libraries are governed by local boards and offer services like lending materials, children's programming, and electronic resources. Maintaining adequate funding and collections are important to ensure public libraries can fulfill their role of serving the information needs of the community.
This document summarizes the current state of school libraries in the Philippines. It discusses the laws and guidelines established by the Department of Education to support school library development. Key initiatives to bridge the gap between public and private school libraries are also outlined, such as the Library Hub Project which establishes book warehouses in each region. The implementation of Media and Information Literacy as a core subject in the senior high school curriculum is also described. Challenges remain in ensuring all schools comply with standards for school libraries.
The document is a cover letter for a survey asking a participant to complete questionnaires for a graduate student's research project. It explains that the survey should take about [time] to complete, participation is voluntary, and responses will remain confidential. It also provides information on how to return the completed survey and who to contact if the participant has any other questions or concerns about the research.
This Library Orientation through power point presentation is about the kind of services, resources available in the Christ College Library, for new batch students.
This is a power point presentation on Class Library especially prepared for Kendriya Vidyalaya Librarians and Teachers. It describes how to organize library for primary students.
The SCONUL Seven Pillars of Information Literacy model provides a framework for developing information literacy skills. The original 1999 model focused on skills but has since been expanded to also address attitudes and behaviors. The updated model takes the form of a "landscape" or "doughnut" shape rather than linear steps, making it more flexible and adaptable to different contexts and user groups. It also incorporates ideas from the Researcher Development Framework to emphasize information literacy for researchers.
The Library Then and Now: Its Importance and Relevance to the Present Genera...Fe Angela Verzosa
presented at PAARL’s seminar outreach program on “The Essence of the Library as the Heart of an Educational Institution,” held at St. Augustine School, Iba, Zambales, Philippines on 2006 Sep 28
This document outlines a presentation by Dr. P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar from Stanford University on research. It defines research as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding. It discusses differences between engineering and science, and says classifying research as good or bad is not meaningful. It also addresses what constitutes a research paper, differences between academic and industry research, and lists "commandments" for creativity and success in research. The overall message is that research makes researchers better learners by developing in-depth skills and solving real problems.
This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as investigating relationships between variables through collection and analysis of numerical data. Key characteristics include using structured instruments to gather data from large, representative samples in a way that can be replicated. Quantitative research aims to classify features, count them, and statistically explain observations. Strengths include generalizability and ability to predict outcomes, while weaknesses include lack of contextual understanding. The document also introduces key quantitative research concepts like variables, types of variables, and research design.
This document discusses the nature of science and the scientific process as it relates to the field of psychology. It outlines that psychology focuses on applying the scientific process and research cycle to gain a systematic understanding of human behavior and the mind. The scientific process involves forming a question, hypothesis, method, analysis and reporting of results to build verifiable, cumulative and public knowledge. While psychology aims to be scientific, it also acknowledges limitations in fully studying topics like human subjectivity.
Due Jan 6Week 8Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Resear.docxjacksnathalie
Due Jan 6
Week 8
Using Figure 1.2 in Ch. 1 of Exploring Research, create a flowchart using Microsoft® Word or a similar program that helps you identify what research design to use for your research question.
Figure 1.2 Research Design “cheat sheet”
Say Hello to Research!
Walk down the hall in any building on your campus where social and
behavioral science professors have their offices in such departments as
psychology, education, nursing, sociology, and human development. Do you
see any bearded, disheveled, white-coated men wearing rumpled pants and
smoking pipes, hunched over their computers and mumbling to themselves?
How about disheveled, white-coated women wearing rumpled skirts, smoking
pipes, hunched over their computers, and mumbling to themselves?
Researchers hard at work? No. Stereotypes of what scientists look like
and do? Yes. What you are more likely to see in the halls of your classroom
building or in your adviser’s office are men and women of all ages who are
hard at work. They are committed to finding the answer to just another piece
of the great puzzle that helps us understand human behavior a little better
than the previous generation of scientists.
Like everyone else, these people go to work in the morning, but unlike
many others, these researchers have a passion for understanding what they
study and for coming as close as possible to finding the “truth.” Although these
truths can be elusive and sometimes even unobtainable, researchers work
toward discovering them for the satisfaction of answering important questions
and then using this new information to help others. Early intervention
programs, treatments of psychopathology, new curricula, conflict resolution
techniques, effective drug treatment programs, and even changes in policy and
law have resulted from evidence collected by researchers. Although not always
perfect, each little bit of evidence gained from a new study or a new idea for a
study contributes to a vast legacy of knowledge for the next generation of
researchers such as yourself.
You may already know and appreciate something about the world of
research. The purpose of this book is to provide you with the tools you need to
do even more, such as
• develop an understanding of the research process.
• prepare yourself to conduct research of your own.
• learn how to judge the quality of research.
• learn how to read, search through, and summarize other research.
• learn the value of research activities conducted online.
• reveal the mysteries of basic statistics and show you how easily they can
be used.
• measure the behaviors, traits, or attributes that interest you.
• collect the type of data that relate to your area of interest.
• use a leading statistical package (SPSS) to analyze data.
• design research studies that answer the question that you want answered.
• write the type of research proposal (and a research report) that puts you in control—
one that shows you have command of the content of the resear ...
This document outlines the requirements for an ethics assignment. Students will research and write about an ethical issue, applying an ethical framework. They must submit an annotated bibliography, reflection, and 6-8 page essay. The essay requires stating a clear thesis, using an ethical theory to analyze the issue while giving evidence and reasoning, and concluding strongly. Groups can also do an annotated bibliography and presentation, following the same standards of a strong argument and research. Plagiarism will result in penalties.
Google scholarAdvantages of using Google scholar for research·.docxwhittemorelucilla
Google scholar
Advantages of using Google scholar for research
· It gives an option of seeing an article related to one another which is not available in the online library. This makes search easier and simpler, you can easily get an article that interest you search your research topic
· Google scholar gives an easier option of citing the work and at the same time give a link of the articles and books held in ECU libraries
· It is easier to use
· It is free so u can access it anytime anywhere so long as you have internet connection
Disadvantages of using Google scholar for a research topic
· Google Scholar's scope is far reaching yet not exhaustive. It can be an exploration source, yet ought not to be the main source you utilize.
· Google Scholar does not give the criteria to what makes its outcomes "insightful". Results are frequently fluctuating in quality and it is up to the scientist to figure out which of the outcomes are appropriate for their motivations.
· Google Scholar does not enable clients to restrict results to either peer inspected or full content materials or by teaching.
· Google Scholar does not give notice of when its materials are refreshed.
· Google Scholar's reference tracker can be hard to utilize and mistaken.
WHERE TO START CHP. 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
· Discuss how a hypothesis differs from a prediction.
· Describe the different sources of ideas for research, including common sense, observation, theories, past research, and practical problems.
· Identify the two functions of a theory.
· Summarize the fundamentals of conducting library research in psychology, including the use of PsycINFO.
· Summarize the information included in the abstract, introduction, method, results, and discussion sections of research articles.
Page 21THE MOTIVATION TO CONDUCT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DERIVES FROM A NATURAL CURIOSITY ABOUT THE WORLD. Most people have their first experience with research when their curiosity leads them to ask, “I wonder what would happen if …” or “I wonder why …,” followed by an attempt to answer the question. What are the sources of inspiration for such questions? How do you find out about other people's ideas and past research? In this chapter, we will explore some sources of scientific ideas. We will also consider the nature of research reports published in professional journals.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS, HYPOTHESES, AND PREDICTIONS
The result of curiosity is a question. Researchers use research questions to identify and describe the broad topic that they are investigating, and then conduct research in order to answer their research questions. A good research question identifies the topic of inquiry specifically enough so that hypotheses and predictions can be made. A hypothesis is also a question; it makes a statement about something that may be true. Hypotheses are more specific versions of research questions; they are directly testable whereas a research question may not be. Thus, a hypothesis is a tentative idea ...
The document provides information about conceptual frameworks in research. It defines a conceptual framework as the structure that explains the researcher's perspective on how the phenomenon being studied progresses naturally. A conceptual framework organizes the research variables and helps explore the research problem. It is important because it helps the researcher identify their worldview on the topic, presents their perspective on the problem, and grounds their approach conceptually. An example conceptual framework is provided on the relationship between student profile, motivation, and academic performance.
1. Research is defined as any systematic investigation aimed at increasing knowledge or solving problems. It involves studying materials and sources to establish new facts or reach conclusions.
2. Research can be exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, or predictive depending on its goal, and can be theoretical or applied depending on whether findings are tested.
3. Primary research collects original data while secondary research uses existing sources; research may also be basic or pure in nature or aimed at solving practical problems.
The demands of communication studies researchKenneth James
Research ranks among the most abused concept in the academic circle. Often times, a student who went to the library in search of facts to back up his or her term paper or assignment comes back to announce that he or she almost died carrying out research in the library. In this case, mere flipping through the pages of some books and copying some portions of the books become a research effort.
Again, some people perceive checking for the meaning of a word or an historical fact in the encyclopedia as a research activity (Osuala, 2005).
Research, however, is much more than all these. It is hardly as simple as consulting a dictionary or an encyclopedia to ascertain the meaning of a word or a historical fact that is already there in the dictionary or encyclopedia as the case may be.
This document provides information about an Advanced Research Methods course, including the course content and evaluation methods. The course covers topics such as introduction to research, literature review, research design, data analysis, and writing conclusions. Students will be evaluated based on a mini research project, research proposal, article review, and final exam. The course aims to teach students a systematic approach to conducting research through objective and empirical methods.
This document discusses different types of research: pure research, original research, and secondary research. Pure research is done simply to gain knowledge without a particular purpose, exploring various topics and sources. Original research aims to discover new information not yet found. Secondary research examines existing research from others to draw new conclusions or relationships between studies. Research can also be directed, with a specific focus or goal, or non-directed for general learning without an objective. Research challenges preconceptions and requires defining terms and considering evidence objectively.
Covering Scientific Research #SciCommLSUPaige Jarreau
The document discusses the process of scientific research and communication. It defines science and the scientific method, which involves forming hypotheses, making predictions, and testing predictions through experiments or other means. The document outlines the positivist approach to science, where knowledge comes from empirical evidence and the senses. It also discusses scientific theories, the differences between basic and applied science, and challenges common myths about science. The final sections cover scientific publishing, how to read scientific papers, and best practices for communicating scientific research to broader audiences.
The document discusses qualitative research methods. It begins by defining qualitative research as a method that focuses on gathering in-depth insights through interviews, observations, and stories rather than quantitative data. It then outlines several key themes in qualitative research, including phenomenology, ethnography, case studies, narrative analysis, participatory action research, and feminist research. The document also discusses what constitutes a good research question, including that it should be relevant, specific, and meaningful. It provides steps for developing a research question and examples of good and bad research questions.
The document discusses developing a clear and focused research question as the first step of the research process, providing examples of broad research topics and suggesting ways to refine topics into questions. It also outlines brainstorming potential research questions, determining needed information to answer the question, and introducing the question in the thesis statement.
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis Psychology Pedia
This document discusses developing good research questions and formulating hypotheses. It provides guidelines for creating clear, focused research questions, including making them relevant, manageable, substantial and original. It also discusses sources of research questions, such as observations, preliminary research, and literature. The document outlines steps for developing a research question, including choosing a topic, evaluating potential questions, and considering the audience. It then covers characteristics of a good hypothesis, such as being testable, parsimonious, and related to existing theory. The hypothesis should be stated as a one-sentence prediction to be tested through research.
The document outlines the key learning objectives of an introduction to educational research course. It discusses the importance of studying educational research, including developing critical thinking skills to evaluate research claims. It also provides examples of the major areas that educational research covers, such as administration, curriculum, learning and instruction, and policy. The document aims to convince readers of the value of understanding educational research methods.
This document summarizes the agenda and key discussion points from an English research writing class. The class covered developing researchable topics and questions, finding relevant sources, reading strategies for academic texts, analyzing research samples, and assigning future work. Students were asked to free-write on potential research topics and post their ideas to the class blog. Upcoming assignments include writing an introduction and learning about literature reviews and plagiarism.
The document discusses the nature and characteristics of inquiry and research. It defines inquiry as seeking to discover meaningful things through investigation and higher-order thinking strategies. Research is defined as a combination of empirical observation and logic used to search for answers and settle doubts. Some key characteristics of research mentioned include being scientific, experimental, inductive, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, and methodical. The document also discusses different perspectives and fields that inquiry and research can be viewed from, such as processes, established bodies of knowledge, and sets of assumptions.
Here are potential revisions to improve the LOI:
1. Focus on a specific aspect or element of the education system to change rather than the broad question of whether the entire system should change. For example:
Should high-stakes standardized testing be reduced or replaced in K-12 public education?
2. Provide context or rationale for why the change is being proposed. For example:
How might reducing emphasis on standardized testing in public schools allow for a more well-rounded, student-centered approach to learning?
3. Suggest exploring multiple perspectives on the issue rather than taking a definitive stance. For example:
What are the arguments for and against proposed reforms to reduce standardized testing in U.S
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Research Methods Lecture 1
1. Research of the Day
Genes determine grades more than teaching
does.
Shakeshaft, N.G et al.‘Strong genetic influence on a UK nationwide test of educational achievement at the end of compulsory
education at age 16’ PLOSONE
Magic Mushrooms could help you quit smoking.
Johnson M. W. et al. Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction J Psychopharmacol
September 11, 2014
2. Research
1. Knowledge
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this
license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
by Helena Hollis, 2014
4. Research Methods
“The method of science, as
stodgy and grumpy as it may
seem, is far more important
than the findings of science.”
(Sagan, 1996, p.26)
7. F***ing magnets, how do
they work?
Things we do not understand should inspire
curiosity and motivate research.
Never accept answers without good reason.
9. What is Knowledge?
In groups, compare your definitions.
Are they all very similar?
Come to an agreement of a ‘knowledge’
definition as a group.
10. Knowledge
Knowledge can be thought of as ‘Justified True
Belief’ (Ichikawa and Steup, 2013)
Research provides justification.
Without it, we cannot have real knowledge.
11. What is Research?
“In the broadest terms, we do research whenever we
gather information to answer a question that solves a
problem.”
(Booth et al, 2008)
“The systematic investigation into and study of materials
and sources in order to establish facts and reach new
conclusions”
(Oxford Dictionary, 2011)
12. Research is not...
1. Research is not mere information gathering.
2. Research is not mere transportation of facts from
one location to another.
3. Research is not merely rummaging for information.
4. Research is not a catchword used to get attention.
(Leady and Ormrod, 2010, pp 1-2)
13. Research is...
1. Research originates with a question or problem.
2. Research requires clear articulation of a goal.
3. Research requires a specific plan for proceeding.
4. Research usually divides the principal problem into more
manageable subproblems.
5. Research is guided by the specific research problem,
question, or hypothesis.
14. ...
6. Research accepts certain critical assumptions.
7. Research requires the collection and interpretation of
data in an attempt to resolve the problem that initiated the
research.
8. Research is, by its nature, cyclical or, more exactly,
helical.
(Leady and Ormrod, 2010, pp 2-3)
15. Learning spiral or helix
Jean Piaget proposed
that learning happens
on a spiral, with re-
acquisition of
knowledge along the
way.
It is vital to revisit and
build on existing
knowledge.
(Piaget, 1970)
16. Research topics
Even assignments with a set topic come with
some freedom. They still require imagination,
as you will need to think of ideas, angles, and
arguments with which to approach the topic.
18. Give yourself time
Give your ideas the chance to incubate and
develop.
You will revisit them as you learn more, and
they will develop (remember the learning
spiral).
Trying to produce an essay at the last minute
means missing out on this process.
19. Some ways to think of
topics...
●What are you interested in?
●What are you curious about?
●What do you enjoy talking about?
●Is there a problem you wish to solve?
●What are your career goals or objectives?
●Do you have anything you think you can
contribute?
●Do you have knowledge or experience to
share?
20. ...
●What do you strongly disagree with?
●What do you want to change?
●What side do you typically take in debates?
●Have you noticed flaws in common
approaches or theories?
Or maybe there is something you find puzzling,
don’t know about, and wish to learn about.
22. Scope
Your research (and essays) need to be limited
to a reasonable scope.
You need to think about how you will break the
topic down, how many chapters it will need,
how much there is to say, etc.
23. ...
Don’t be over-ambitious
with what it is feasible for
you to achieve.
Most real-world research
happens with very limited
scope, with researchers
each only working on a
small piece of the puzzle.
Image: http://xkcd.com/683/
24. Question/Title
You will often be able to make up your own
question or title.
Try to be clear, to the point, but also creative
with this.
Remember to consider scope when making an
overall question or title.
25. Research Questions
Your main question needs to be broken into
smaller sub-questions, which build up your
overall answer.
Research questions are extremely important,
from the brainstorming stage, through
researching, essay planning, and writing.
26. Questions help you
research...
“To use a reference book well, you must, first,
have some idea, however vague it may be, of
what you want to know… Another way to say
this is that you must be able to ask a reference
book an intelligible question. It will be no help to
you if you are wandering, lost, in a fog of
ignorance.”
(Adler and Van Doren, 1940, p176)
27. … and research helps you
form questions.
As you research, your questions will develop.
Some will change, some will be added, and
some may be removed.
Keep track of your research questions in one
place.
It can help to number them, and then make
note of which question you are addressing in
your note taking.
28. Data
To answer our questions and form knowledge,
we need some data.
However, this is often not as simple as it may
seem.
31. Hypothesis
“a trial idea concerning the nature and
connection of the observations” (Wilson, 1952, pp 25-26)
“imagination is of the utmost importance.
People differ enormously in their power to
construct useful hypotheses, and it is here that
true genius shows itself.” (Wilson, 1952, p26)
32. Proving hypotheses
Whatever your hypothesis is, it must somehow
be provable, or disprovable.
This is not always absolute. Some hypothesis
can only be supported, not fully proven.
34. Qualitative Vs Quantitative
Once you have a topic, and some research
questions, and perhaps even a hypothesis, you
should be able to see if you need to do
qualitative or quantitative research, or both.
If you need to make a proposal, you must
mention which of these you will do. Even if the
assignment doesn’t require a proposal, it is still
good to keep this mind.
35. Quantitative
● Quantitative methods analyse ‘hard data’
● Typically involve statistical information, and
numerical data
● Should be as objective as possible
● Aim to classify and seek measurements
● Eg: Experiments, statistics, and quantifiable
questionnaires
36. Qualitative
●Qualitative research aims to analyse
thoughts, feelings, ideas, responses
●It is descriptive and subjective
●Gives an insight into behaviours / reasons
●Eg: Interviews, focus groups, opinion pieces
37. Combined
You can conduct both qualitative and
quantitative research, and bring them together.
Qualitative research can help explain or
rationalise quantitative data, for example.
Depending on your subject, you need to decide
what best helps address your questions and
hypothesis.
38. Answers
You may answer your initial question, or you
may not be able to do so entirely.
You may conclude your hypothesis was true,
false, or could not be fully tested.
What is important is that you recognise which
of these is the case, and conclude your work
honestly.
39. Where to start?
Wikipedia is a good first place to get a sense of the topics
you are interested it. Move away from this quickly though.
Books provide reliable, and readable information, ranging
from basic to advanced levels.
Academic journals are excellent sources. Articles in these
are typically quite specific, and more advanced, so it is best
if you already know what you’re looking for when you
search these.
40. Homework
Hypothesis:
“Subjects exposed to violent video games are
more likely to behave violently in real life.”
What is your view on this?
Find evidence to support it.
41. References
Adler, M. and Van Doren, C. (1940) How to Read a Book. New York: Touchstone
Angier, N. (2000) Do Races Differ? Not Really, Genes Show Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/22/science/do-races-differ-not-really-
genes-show.html (accessed: 12th September 1014)
Booth, W., Colomb, G., and Williams, J., (2008) The Craft of Research. 3rd edn. London: The University of Chicago Press.
Fausto-Sterling, A. (2000) Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality. UK: Basic Books
Ichikawa, J. and Steup, M. (2013) "The Analysis of Knowledge", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta
(ed.), Available at:http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/knowledge-analysis/ (Accessed: 23rd September 2013).
Leady, P. and Ormrod, J. (2010) Practical Research Planning and Design, 9th edn. Boston MA : Pearson Education
OptionGradius (2011) Insane Clown Posse - Miracle ( With Lyrics ). Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiZR6YbhXgE (Accessed : 23rd
September 2013).
Oxford Dictionary (2011) Available at: http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0703100#m_en_gb0703100 (Accessed: 8 May 2011)
Piaget, J. (1970). The principles of genetic epistemology. London: Routledge.
RiverheadBooks (2010) WHERE GOOD IDEAS COME FROM by Steven Johnson. Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NugRZGDbPFU (Accessed : 23rd September 2013).
Sagan, C. (1996) The Demon Haunted World. London: Headline Book Publishing
The British Library (2013 )Registering With the Library Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdUpu5-
fk54&feature=share&list=PLVRvouzCZmFfbfyyDLJKH7zZ7m40W0pnu (Accessed: 25th September 2013)
Wilson, E. B. (1952) An Introduction to Scientific Research. New York: Dover Publications
Editor's Notes
Gettier cases
Class activity (in groups) (http://www.text2mindmap.com/)