The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and classifies it into categories like general, pathological, radioactive, chemical, infectious, sharps, and pharmaceutical waste. It identifies major sources of biomedical waste as hospitals, nursing homes, medical colleges, and blood banks. The waste is further categorized and rules for its management, collection, transportation, and treatment are discussed. Improper management of biomedical waste can spread diseases, so there is a need for effective waste management systems.

1. BIOMEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY
GOPIKA SUKUMARAN
INTERN

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• CLASSIFICATION
• SOURCES
• CATEGORIES
• MANAGEMENT
• NEED FOR MANAGEMENT
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION
∞ The health care system which restores and
maintains community health, also threatens
patient’s wellbeing.
∞ Improper waste management poses major
health risk to the public, patients, health
professionals and causes environmental
degradation

5. CLASSIFICATION
WHO has classified Biomedical waste into
• General waste
• Pathological waste
• Radioactive waste
• Chemical waste
• Infectious waste
• Sharps
• Pharmaceutical waste
• Pressurized containers

7. SOURCES
1. MAJOR
 Hospitals
 Nursing homes
 Dispensaries
 Primary health centres
 Medical colleges and research centres
 Paramedic services
 Veterinary colleges and animal research centres
 Blood banks
 Mortuaries and autopsy centres
 Production unit
 Biotechnology institutions

8. 2. MINOR
 Physicians
 Dental clinics
 Animal houses
 Slaughter houses
 Blood donation camps
 Vaccination centres
 Acupunturists
 Psychiatrics
 Cosmetic piercing
 Funeral services
 Institutions for disabled persons

9. CATEGORIES
• The Ministry of Environment and Forests,
Government of India framed a rule known as
Bio-Medical Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 2011 on 24th Aug, 2011 under
Environment Protection Act, 1986 to replace
the earlier rules.

10. Schedule I

11. Schedule II

13. MANAGEMENT
• The collection and transportation should be
carried out in a way to avoid potential hazard
to human health and environment.
• They should be handed over to the treatment
facility without any damage, spillage or
unauthorized access by public or animals.

15. DISPOSAL
 The various methods are
1. Incineration
2. Autoclaving
3. Hydroclaving
4. Microwaving
5. Shredder
6. Encapsulation
7. Irradiation
8. Vitrification

16. NEED FOR MANAGEMENT
• Due to increased population, the amount of
biomedical waste generated is also increased.
• The amount of infectious waste is 25% and Non-
infectious waste is 75%, in the absence of
segregation, the non-infectious waste becomes
infectious.
• Improper segregation, treatment or disposal can
cause the spread of diseases like TB, hepatitis and
enteric fever

17. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Government of India, Ministry of health and
Family Welfare(MoHFW). National guidelines
on Hospital Waste Management.
• The Biomedical Waste( Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998.
• Government of India, Ministry of
Environmental and Forests Gazette
notification. No.460 dated July 27, New Delhi;
1998:10-20