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Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING
USED IN ELECTRONICS
Module No. 3 Module Title: Preparing and Interpreting
Technical Drawing Used in Electronics
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL -VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
How to Use this Module .................................................................................. 1
Introduction.................................................................................................... 2
Technical Terms.............................................................................................. 3
Learning Outcome 1: Identify Electronics Components.................................... 4
 Learning Experiences/Activities............................................................. 5
 Information Sheet 1.1 ............................................................................ 6
 Self - Check 1.1 ................................................................................... 19
Learning Outcome 2: Interpret Electronic Diagrams ............................ 20
 Learning Experiences/Activities........................................................... 21
 Information Sheet 2.1 .......................................................................... 22
 Self - Check 2.2 ................................................................................... 29
 Self - Check Key 2.2............................................................................. 30
Learning Outcome 3: Prepare Electronic Diagrams. ...................................... 31
 Learning Experiences/Activities........................................................... 32
 Information Sheet 3.1 .......................................................................... 33
 Information Sheet 3.2 .......................................................................... 34
 Self - Check 3.1 .................................................................................. 35
 Self – Check Key 3.1 ............................................................................ 36
Learning Outcome 4: Store Electronic Diagrams According to
Established Policies ...................................................................................... 37
 Learning Experiences/Activities …………………………………………….…..38
 Information Sheet 4.1 .......................................................................... 39
 Operation Sheet 4.1............................................................................. 40
 Self - Check 4.1 ................................................................................... 41
 Self – Check Key 4.1 ............................................................................ 42
Assessment Plan........................................................................................... 43
Observation and Questioning Checklist......................................................... 45
Demonstration.............................................................................................. 46
Written Report .............................................................................................. 47
Performance test ........................................................................................... 48
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………. 49
1
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Welcome to the Module “Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing
Used in Electronics”. This module contains training materials and activities for
you to complete.
The unit of competency “Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing Used in
Electronic” contains the knowledge, skills and desirable attitudes required for
Consumer Electronics Servicing required to obtain the National Certificate
(NC) level II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome
there are Information Sheets, Job Sheets, and Operation Sheets . Do these
activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning
activity.
If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have been working for some time; and already completed training
in this area.
If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular skill, talk
to your teacher so you don’t have to undergo the same training again. If you
have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it
to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and relevant to this
module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these for RPL. If you
are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your teacher.
After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information that
will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in “Prepare and Interpret
Technical Drawing Used in Electronics” independently at your own pace with
minimum supervision from your teacher.
2
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING
Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL
DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS
INTRODUCTION:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on
“Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing Used in Electronics”. It
covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to Prepare and Interpret
Technical Drawing Used in Electronic .
Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding
module on terminating and connecting electrical wiring in electronic circuits.
This module consists of four (4) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instructional sheets. Before you
perform the instructions, read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular
learning outcome.
Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment to check
your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you
pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:
LO1 identify electronic components;
LO2 interpret electronic diagrams;
LO3 prepare electronic diagrams; and
LO4 store electronic diagrams based on established policies.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Refer to the assessment criteria of learning outcomes 1-4 of this module.
PREREQUISITES:
Performing mensuration and calculation
3
TECHNICAL TERMS
Anode. The positive electrode or terminal of a device. The “P” material of a
diode.
Cathode. The negative terminal electrode of a device. The “N” terminal in a
junction diode.
Color Code. Set of colors used to indicate value of a component.
Diode. A two terminal device that conducts only in one direction.
Light Emitting Diode. A semiconductor diode that converts electric energy into
electromagnetic radiation at a visible and near infrared frequencies
when its PN junction is forward biased.
Output. Terminal at which a component, circuit or piece of equipment delivers
current, voltage or power.
Primary coil. First winding of a transformer that is connected to the source as
opposed to secondary which is a winding connected to a load.
Resistor. Component made of material that opposes the flow of current and
therefore has some value of resistance.
Schematic Diagram. Illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit with the
components represented by their symbols.
4
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING
USED IN ELECTRONICS
Module Title: Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing used
in Electronics
Learning Outcome1: Identify electronic components.
Assessment Criteria
1. Electronic components are classified based on their specification.
2. Electronic components are identified based on their functions.
References
1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics;
Andes Mountain Printers: 2004
2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.:
2003
5
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome 1: Identify electronic components.
Learning Activities Special Instruction
1. Read the attached Information
Sheet 1.1
2. Answer the self check 1.1 to
determine how much you have
learned.
3. Compare your answer with the
answer key in the last page of
this module.
4. If you missed some of the
question, go back again to
information sheet 1
5. If you have answered the
question, you are ready to
proceed to learning outcome 2
 Try to answer the Self-Check
without looking at the
information sheet.
6
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Types and function of electronic components
Resistor
A resistor is a device with a known value of resistance. Its main function
is to reduce voltage and to limit the flow of current in a circuit. This resistance
is actually the opposition that a component or material offers to the flow of
current.
Resistance may or may not be useful in circuit/s. When too much current
passes through a conductor, ( solid, liquid, gas through which electrons pass
easily) the resistance of the conductor may cause it to become hot. This, in turn,
can create a fire hazard or cause the conductor to burn out. In this case, it is
not desirable. In other cases, when it is placed intentionally in the circuit, it
performs its specific task.
Symbol of Resistor
Fixed Variable
Fixed Resistors
It is a single value resistance, that remains the same under the normal
condition. The two common kinds of fixed resistors are the film resistor and
wire-wound resistor.
A
Film Resistor Wire-wound Resistor
7
Variable Resistor
Variable resistors are used when it is necessary to change the amount of
resistance in a circuit. There are two common variable resistors: the
potentiometer and the rheostat. Generally a potentiometer is generally has
carbon resistive element while the rheostat is generally made of resistance wire.
Carbon Composition Resistor Wire Wound Resistor
Both devices have a sliding arm that brings into contact with the
resistance element. In most variable resistors,
The arm is attached to the shaft that can be adjusted Element changes.
Three
Terminals
8
A potentiometer is commonly used as control device. It can be used to vary
the value of voltage applied to a certain circuit such as in the amplifier,
television, and different kinds of meter circuit.
Resistor Power Rating
Power rating of resistors changes with their sizes, the bigger the resistor
the greater the wattages and the smaller the resistor the lesser the wattage.
Different sizes of resistors are shown below which are drawn to the exact
proportion.
RESISTOR COLOR CODING CHART
Colors Digit Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 1
Brown 1 10 + & - 1%
Red 2 100 + & - 2%
Orange 3 1000 + & - 3&
Yellow 4 10000 + & - 4%
Green 5 100000
Blue 6 1000000
Violet 7 10000000
Gray 8 100000000
White 9 1000000000
Gold 0.1 + & - 5%
Silver 0.01 + & - 10%
No Color + & - 20%
2W
1W
1/2W
1/4W
1/8W
9
Note:
The unit Resistance is ohm Ω - 999Ω and below
KΩ- 1,000 Ω ( kilo ohms )
MΩ- 1,000,000 ( Mega Ohms )
The wattage rating of the resistor will identify the size of the
resistor. The higher the wattage the bigger the size and the lower the wattage
means the smaller the size.
EXAMPLE:
A resistor with the following colors:
RED-GREEN-BROWN-GOLD
First color – ( red ) 2
Second color – ( green ) 5
Multiplier – ( brown ) x 10
Tolerance – ( gold ) + & - 5 %
To interpret:
*2 and 5 will be placed near its other; 25
* then 25 will be multiplied by 10: 25 x 10 = 250Ω
To Compute for the value of the tolerance in reference with the
Upper limit and lower limit: + and –
Tolerance color is gold which is equivalent to + and – 5%
Then we convert 5% to decimal number which is .05 ( 5/100)
Calculating:
250 x .05 = 12.5
Determining the upper limit which is + 5%:
250 + 12.5
= 262.5
And the lower limit is;
250 – 12.5
= 237.5
10
And finally… a resistor with the colors red, green, brown and gold
Has this value
250Ω that can be up to 262.5Ω or can be as low
237.5Ω and can still be considered in good
Condition.
Capacitor
A capacitor is a device that consists essentially of two conducting
surfaces separated by a dielectric material like air, paper, mica, ceramic, glass,
or mylar. It makes it possible to store electric energy. Electrons are detained
within a capacitor. This, in effect, is stored electricity. It is known as electrical
potential or an electrostatic field. Electrostatic field hold electrons. When the
increase of electrons becomes great enough, the electrical potentials are now
ready to be discharged.
The component is designed intentionally to have a definite amount of
capacitance. This capacitance is a property that exists whenever insulating
material permits the storage of electricity. It is measured in Farad (F) micro
Farad (uF), nano Farad (nF), and picoFarad (pF).
Characteristics of Capacitor:
1. It can store electric charge even though the voltage source is already
disconnected.
2. It can discharge electrical voltages.
11
Symbols of Capacitor
OR
Fixed Variable Polarized
Common Types of Fixed Capacitor
Common Types of Variable Capacitor
Ceramic
Disk
Electrolytic
Mica
Air Capacitor Ganged Air Capacitor
Mica
Ganged
Air
Capacit
or
12
Capacitor Application
1. Blocking
2. Coupling and Decoupling
3. Bypassing
4. Frequency Discrimination
5. Timing
6. Transient Voltage Suppression
7. Energy Storage
8. Arc Suppression
9. Power Factor Correction
Capacitors uses number coding to for its value except for the
electrolytic capacitor in which the values are printed on a much
larger body. It includes the capacitance, the working voltage and a
sign indicating the polarity.
THE NUMBER CODING OF A CAPACITOR
The number coding of a capacitor particularly the ceramic and the mylar
type can be interpreted in this manner:
The number coding is as follow:
103
The value can be interpreted by writing the first two numbers like
10 then the last number means the number of zeros corresponding the
numeral. In this case it is 000. So it will be 10000 and the unit is picoFarad
(pF). The value now will be 10,000pF and can be converted into the unit of
microfarad ( mF ) by dividing the value by 1,000,000. Therefore 10000/1000000
.01 and the unit now becomes mF.
CAPACITOR TROUBLES
Capacitor also displays open and short characteristics. The
procedure in checking this trouble is the same as that in other components or
devices. However, since capacitor can store electrical energy, it is possible that
leakage may occur during its operation.
Remember
1. Capacitance is the capability of an electrical device to store
electrical energy for a short period of time so it may be used as a
filter in a power supply.
2. A capacitor blocks the flow of DC and allows AC
13
Semiconductor Diode
It is a semiconductor device that contains two-electrode p-n junction.
This diode is made of N-material and P-material (Positive and Negative devices)
that are joined in a single package.
A K
Note:
Observe closely the positive, the negative materials and the barrier
(junction) size when it is at rest.
Operation Of Diode
A. Reverse-Biased
By applying DC voltage to the electrodes (the two terminals), negative to the
P-materials and positive to the N-materials, causes the attraction. In this
operation the diode is not conducting because of the polarity applied to it. This
P + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + +
- - - - - - N -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - -
Symbol
A K
A = Anode
K = Cathode
Junction
P+
++
++
-N
--
--
--
Junction
Figure No. 59
14
operation is called reverse-biased. The barrier is so large that the resistance
becomes greater. The diode becomes an insulator.
B. Forward-Biased
By applying DC voltage to the electrodes, negative to the N-materials and
positive to the P-materials, causes the repulsion. Pushing the N-materials and
the P-materials to the junction, causing it to become thin.
Because the barrier is so thin, it collapses, releasing the electrons to flow. In
this operation the diode is conducting because of the polarity applied to it. This
operation is called forward-biased.
When barrier is thin, so the resistance become lesser. (The diode becomes a
conductor, because we apply the right bias causing it to be in active state.)
Junction
P +
+ +
+ +
N--
- -
-
Junction
15
Active State – It is the triggering voltage supply of all semiconductors.
 0.7V for silicon diode
 0.3V for germanium diode (crystal)
Types of Diode, their symbol and their Uses
1. Signal Diode. It is used for high frequency range mostly for radio.
2. Rectifier Diode. It is used for low frequency range mostly for power
supply.
3. Zener Diode. It is used for reference voltage mostly for regulator’s
reference.
4, Light Emitting Diode (LED). It is used for light indictor mostly for
running light effects.
16
Semiconductor
It is a material which resists between the insulator and the conductor.
The resistance is often changed by light, heat, or magnetic field. The particular
characteristic of the semiconductor materials depend on its atomic structure, (It
is the number and arrangement of electron) which allow their conductivity to be
increased by adding impurity elements (It is the adding of foreign electrons, ions,
or holes), the process is called doping.
Doping is the intensified number of electron charges, ion charges, or hole
charges that can be moved by an external supply voltage. For example when the
amount of free electron (It is a result of a single loose electron that acquires
energy and collides with the other planetary electrons that causes them to break
away from the attraction of the nucleus and becomes free.) is increased, the
doped semiconductor is N-type or negative; and when it is decreased the
amount of free electron forms the P-type or positive.
The Discovery of Semiconductor Devices
The semiconductor was discovered in late 1873 when a certain rod or wire
called selenium was used and it changes its electrical resistance when it was
struck by light.
Next in 1906 the first semiconductor crystal detector was invented. It
consisted of a piece of crystalline galena and was used in a tune circuit and
earphone that would permit reception of radio signal. Therefore, the first solid-
state radio receiver, called the crystal set was invented. The achievement of the
said device was short-lived, because of the invention of vacuum tube in 1920
that put the further studies into halt. Throughout, the vacuum tubes are more
reliable because of the ability to amplify the detector output signal.
Bardeen and Brattain invented the first transistor in 1947 and Bell
laboratory produced the first successful transistor in 1948.
17
Samples of Semiconductor Components
1. Semiconductor Diode
2. Semiconductor Transistor
3. Integrated Circuit I.C
Self Check # 3-1-1
18
TRANSISTOR
19
SELF CHECK 1.1
TYPES AND FUNCTION OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
DIRECTION: Give at least five (5) electronic components and give its types
and function
20
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING
USED IN ELECTRONICS.
Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL
DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS
Learning Outcome2: Interpret electronic diagram.
Assessment Criteria
1. The electronic diagrams are identified according to the job requirements.
2. The equivalent components of the electronic symbols are identified.
3. The connection of the electronic symbols in a circuit is identified.
References
1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics;
Andes Mountain Printers: 2004
2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.:
2003
21
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome 2: Interpret electronic diagram.
Learning Activities Special Instruction
1. Read the attached Information
Sheet 2.1
2. Answer Self-Check 2.1
3. Compare your answer with the
model answer.
4. If you missed some of the
questions, go back again to
information sheet 2.1.
5. If you have answered the
questions, you are ready to
proceed to learning outcome 3.
Try to answer the Self-Check
without looking at the information
sheet.
22
Information Sheet 2.1
Kinds of electronic diagram
Pictorial diagram. It shows the pictures of the actual components and wiring
connections although it does not provide the exact size of
components. It shows exact shape in proportion to the
actual one.
Pictorial Diagram of a Regulated Power Supply
Block Diagram. This form uses block rectangles or triangles to represent
components, group of components or units of equivalent.
Block diagrams are particularly used to represent internal
components of an integrated circuit.
23
Schematic diagram. It shows the components used in their interconnection. Each
graphic symbol is also accompanied with a reference designation to distinguish it
from other similar symbols. It does not illustrate the physical size, shape or chassis
location of the component parts and devices.
Wiring diagram. It shows wiring connection in a simplified, easy to follow manner.
It may show either internal or external connections or both and is usually drawn as
simple as possible to trace out the connection of a circuit. The components of the
circuit are identified by name or are represented by means of pictorial illustrations
that do not follow any well-defined standard form.
24
INFORMATION SHEET 2.2
Electronic Symbols
25
26
27
Electronics Acronyms and Abbreviations
AF – Audio Frequency
AFC - Automatic Frequency Control
AGC – Automatic Gain Control
AM – Amplitude Modulation
BW – Bandwidth
CCTV – Closed Circuit Television
CD – Compact Disc
CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CPU – Central Processing Unit
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube
DIP – Dual-In-Line Package
DPDT- Double Pole Double Throw
DVD – Digital Video Disc
FCC – Federal Communication Commission
FET – Field Effect Transistor
FM – Frequency Modulation
Ge – Germanium
IC – Integrated Circuit
IF – Intermediate Frequency
J-FET – Junction Field Effect Transistor
LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
LED – Light Emitting Diode
MOS – Metal Oxide Semiconductor
MOSFET – Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor
MSI – Medium Scale Integration
PC – Personal Computer
PCB – Printed Circuit Board
OP AMP – Operational Amplifier
RAM – Random Access Memory
ROM – Read Only Memory
SIP – Single –In- line Package
SSI – Small Scale Integration
TRF – Tuned Radio Frequency
28
VHF – Very High Frequency
VLF – Very Low Fequency
VOM- Volt Ohm Milli Ammeter
VT – Vacuum Tube
VCR – Video Cassette Recorder
VU – Volume Unit
29
SELF CHECK 2-2
Direction: Draw the schematic symbol of each of the components given below.
RESISTOR
SCHEMATIC SYMBOL
1.______________________________________
DIODE
2.______________________________________
CAPACITOR
3.______________________________________
TRANSISTOR
4._____________________________________
IC
5.______________________________________
30
SELF CHECK KEY 2.2
Electronic symbols
1. 3. 5.
2. 4.
31
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II
Unit of
Competency:
PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING
USED IN ELECTRONICS
Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL
DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS
Learning Outcome 3: Prepare electronic diagrams.
Assessment Criteria
1. The symbols used are appropriate to the electronic components.
2. Electronic diagrams are drawn based on the requirements of the job.
3. The diagrams drawn provide all the specifications required by the job.
References
1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics;
Andes Mountain Printers: 2004
2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.:
2003
32
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome 2: Interpret electronic diagram.
Learning Activities Special Instruction
1. Read the attached
Information Sheet 3.1
2. Read the attached
Information Sheet 3.2.
3. Answer the Self Check 3.1.
4. Compare your answer to
the Self Check Key 3.1.
5. If you missed some of the
question, go back again to
Information Sheet 3.1.
6. If you have answered the
question, you are ready to
proceed to learning
outcome 4.
Try to answer the Self-Check
without looking at the information
sheet.
33
INFORMATION SHEET 3.1
Standard Diagrams in Electronics
WIRING DIAGRAM PICTORIAL DIAGRAM
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM BLOCK DIAGRAM
34
INFORMATION SHEET 3.2
Guidelines in Drawing Diagrams
Recommended practices to be used in the application of symbols to a
circuit diagram are listed below. These practices are adapted from the United
States of America Standard Institute publication, Graphic Symbols for
Electrical and Electronic diagrams.
1. The position of a symbol on a diagram does not affect its meaning.
2. The weight of a line used in drawing does not affect its meaning. In
some cases a heavier line may be used to emphasize a particular
symbol.
3. A given symbol may be drawn in any size that is suitable for use in any
particular symbol.
4. If necessary for contrast, some symbols may be drawn smaller or larger
than the other symbols on a diagram.
5. In general, a connecting line should be brought to a symbol either
vertically or horizontally, but a connecting line brought to a symbol at
an angle has no particular significance unless noted otherwise.
6. The arrowhead symbol may be open (→) or closed (→) unless otherwise.
7. The standard symbol for a terminal ( 0 ) may be added to any symbol
but when this is done, the terminal symbol should not be considered a
part of the symbol itself.
35
SELF CHECK 3.1
Standard Diagrams in Electronics
1. _____________________________ 2._____________________________
3.______________________________ 4.________________________________
36
SELF-CHECK KEY 3.1
Standard Diagrams in Electronics
1. Wiring Diagram
2. Schematic Diagram
3. Pictorial Diagram
4. Block Diagram
37
Learning Outcome 4: Store electronic diagrams according to established policies
Assessment Criteria
1. Electronic diagrams are recorded and an inventory is prepared.
2. Proper storage of diagram is undertaken.
References
1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics;
Andes Mountain Printers: 2004
2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.:
2003
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING
USED IN ELECTRONICS
Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL
DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS
38
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome 4: Store electronic diagrams based on established
[policies.
Learning Activities Special Instruction
1. Read the attached Information
Sheet 4.1.
2. Answer the Self-Check 4.1.
3. Compare your answer to the
model answers.
4. If you missed some of the
question, go back again to the
Information Sheet 4.1.
5. If you have answered the
questions, you are ready to
proceed to another module.
Try to answer the Self-Check
without looking at the information
sheet.
39
INFORMATION SHEET 4.1
Recording of electronic diagrams
What is an electronic diagram records management?
Electronic diagram record management is efficient in recording stored
systems. The key to electronic diagram record management is to be able to support
and to avoid any damage on a diagram for the future purposes.
Application of Electronic Diagram Records follow these stages:
1. Identify various schematic diagram needs for the existing lesson.
2. Maintain currently active records in primary storage, on line or
immediately available.
3. Migrate semi-active or in active records to less expensive, slower
storage media.
4. Identify records that are eligible for disposition or deletion, erasure, or
transfer to other location.
Creating Electronic Diagram Record systems
Electronic diagram record keeping systems must have accurately documented
policies, assigned responsibilities, and formal methodologies for the shop
management.
Electronic diagram record-keeping system must meet the following criteria:
1. Consistent. Record diagram keeping systems must process information in a
manner that assures that the diagrams they create are credible.
2. Complete. Content structure, and context generated by the service manual.
3. Accurate. Quality controlled at input to ensure the information in the
electronic diagram record system correctly reflects what was given by the
service manual.
4. Preserved. Records must continue to reflect content, structure, and context
within any system by which the records are retained any time, where it is
being used.
40
OPERATION SHEET 4.1
Proper Storage of Electronic Diagram
1. Download the schematic diagram to your laptop/personal computer for
storage purposes.
2. Transfer the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the cd disk for
storage purposes.
3. Copy the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the USB for storage
purposes.
4. All the schematic diagram and service manual are placed inside the
exclusive cabinet of the shop.
41
SELF CHECK 4.1
Recording of Electronics Diagram
Directions: Answer the following questions below.
1-5.) What is an electronic diagram record management?
6-10) Give at least 3 criteria for electronic diagram record management.
42
SELF CHECK KEY 4.1
Recording of Electronics Diagram
1-5.) What is electronic diagram records management?
Electronic record diagram management is efficient in record-storing systems.
The key to electronic diagram record management is to be able to support and to
avoid any damage on a diagram for the future purposes.
6. Consistent. Record diagram keeping systems must process information in a
manner that assures that the diagrams they create are credible.
7. Complete. Is a content structure, and context generated by the service
manual.
8. Accurate. Quality controlled at input to ensure the information in the
electronic diagram record system correctly reflects what was given
by the service manual.
9-10.Preserved.Records must continue to reflect content, structure, and context
within any system by which the records are retained any time,
where its being used.
43
ASSESSMENT PLAN
Direction: Put a check on designated box if you perform the following criteria
YES NO
 Electronic components are specified according
to their jobs.
 Electronic components are identified based on
their functions.
 Electronic components which do not conformed
to the quality standard are identified and
marked for disposal
 Electronic diagram are identified according to
job requirements.
 The equivalent components of the electronic
symbols are identified.
 The connection of the electronic symbols in a
circuit is identified
 The symbols used are appropriate to the
electronic components.
 Electronic diagrams are drawn based on the
requirements of the job.
 The diagrams drawn provide all the
specifications required by the job.
 Electronic diagrams are recorded and an
inventory is prepared.
 Proper storage of diagram is undertaken.


Prepared by: Date:
Checked by: Date:
44
Observation Checklist
Students name:
Teachers name:
Name of School
Competency
standards
Unit of
competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student in preparing and interpreting technica drawing used in
electronics.
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was undertaken.
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect of the
activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment
activity
The Student can.. If yes, tick the box
 Specify electronic components according to their jobs.
 identify electronic components based on their
functions
 identify and mark for disposal electronic components
which do not conform to quality standard
 identify electronic diagram according to job
requirements
 identify electronic symbols and equivalent
components
 identify the connection of the symbols in a circuit.
 Use symbols appropriate for electronic components
 D.raw electronic diagrams based on the requirements
of the job.
 Draw diagrams that provides all the specs required
by the job.
 Record electronic diagrams and prepare an inventory
 Undertake proper storage of diagram.
Did the student overall performance meet the standard? Yes No
Feedback to student
Teachers signature: Date:
45
Observation and Questioning Checklist
Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Assessment Center
Competency
standards
Unit of competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student in preparing and interpreting technica drawing used in
electronics.
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was undertaken.
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student has completed each aspect of
the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Ask the student a selection of the questions from the attached list to confirm
his/her underpinning knowledge
5. Place a tick in the box to show that the student has answered the questions
correctly.
6. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of
assessment activity
Location of assessment
activity
The student can.. If yes, tick the box
 specify electronics components according to their
functions.
 identify electronic diagrams according to job
requirements
 use symbols appropriate for electronic
components.
 draw electronic diagrams based on the
requirements of the job.
 identify the connection of the electronic symbols
in the circuit.
 draw diagrams that provide all the specs
required by the job.
 undertake proper storage of diagrams.
Did the student’s overall performance meet the
standard?
Yes No
46
Demonstration
Students name:
Teachers name:
Unit of competency:
Competency standards:
Date of assessment:
Time of assessment:
Instructions for demonstration
Given the necessary materials the trainee/student must be able to:
prepare electronic diagrams
Materials and equipment:
Instruments: Materials:
Drawing Board Drawing Paper
Ruler Actual Electronic Components
HB Pencil
 to show if evidence is
demonstrated
During the demonstration of skills, did the
student:
Yes No N/A
Identify electronic components according to their
function?   
Interpret electronic diagrams?   
Prepare electronic diagrams with complete
specs?   
Store electronic diagrams based on established
policies?   
The student’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
47
Written report
Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Assessment Center
Competency
standards
Unit of
competency:
Task:
Your task is to:
Prepare and interpret an electronic diagram
Submission date:
Use the checklist below as a basis for judging whether the student’s
report meets the required competency standards.
The student’s report can…. If yes, tick the box
 Identify electronic components based specified
jobs.
 Interpret electronic diagrams based on the
requirements of the job.
 Prepare electronic diagrams with complete specs.
 Use symbols appropriate for electronic
components.
 Record diagrams and prepare an inventory.
 Undertake proper storage of electronic diagrams.
Overall did the student’s report meet the standard? Yes No
Comments:
Student’s
signature:
Date:
Teacher’s
signature:
Date:
48
PERFORMANCE TEST
Student Name Date
Competency: Test Attempt
1st 2nd 3rd
Directions:
Ask your teacher to
assess your performance
in the following critical
task and performance
criteria below
You will be rated based
on the overall evaluation
on the right side.
OVERALL EVALUATION
Level
Achiev
ed PERFORMANCE LEVELS
4 - Can perform this skill without direct
supervision and with initiative and adaptability
to problem situations.
3 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily without
direct assistance or supervision.
2 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily but
requires some assistance and/or supervision.
1 - Can perform parts of this skill satisfactorily,
but requires considerable assistance and/or
supervision.
Instructor will put his/her initial level achieved.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
For acceptable achievement, check YES, for unachieved
skill, check NO and for a skill displayed inappropriately,
Check N/A
Yes No N/
A
Electronic components were identified based on their functions.
Appropriate symbols were used with the electronics components.
Electronic diagrams were identified according to job requirements.
Electronic diagrams were prepared based on the requirements of the job.
Diagrams that provide complete specs were drawn as required by the job.
Electronic diagrams were recorded and an inventory was prepared.
Proper storage of the diagram was undertaken.
46
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Copyright Department of Education 2008
First Published JUNE 2008
This module is based on the Competency-Based Curriculum-Contextual
Learning Matrix (CBC-CLM) and finalized on the Instructional Modules Finalization
Development Workshop conducted at the Development Academy of the Philippines,
Tagaytay City on May 6 -10, 2008
This learning instrument was developed by the following personnel:
Technology Teachers:
 Mr. Vic P. Diola – Group Leader
Bauan Technical High School
 Dr. Gilbert M. Castor
Don Alejandro Roses Sr. Science-Technology High School
 Mr. Eddielou L. Dayao
Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trade
 Mr. Rufo G. Malla
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
 Mr. Sherwin P. Medrano
San. Pedro Relocation Center National High School
 Mr. Remar C. Pinsoy
Baguio National School of Arts and Trade
Contextual Teacher:
Mrs. Daisy Carousel P. Cervantes
Don Alejandro Roses Sr. Science-Technology High School
Facilitators:
 Dr. Edward dela Rosa
TEC-VOC Task Force
 Dr. Corazon L. Echano
TEC-VOC Task Force
Encoders:
 Mrs. Rosario D. Briones
 Mr. Mhariel L. Echano
 Mr. Jason O. Villena
Funding: Department of Education
47
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Copyright Department of Education 2009
First Published JUNE 2008
This module is based on the Competency-Based Curriculum-Contextual
Learning Matrix (CBC-CLM) refined during the Writeshop on the Refinement and
Enrichment of Competency-Based Curriculum and Contextual Learning Matrix of
ARTS abd TRADES Specializations at Marikina Hotel, Marikina City on April 20 –
25, 2009.
This learning instrument was refined and enriched by the following educators:
Technology Teachers:
 Mr. Victorino P. Diola – Group Leader
TVE Coordinator, Bauan Technical High School
Bauan, Batangas
 Mr. Reynaldo C. Cunanan
Head Teacher VI, E. A. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
 Mrs. Gigi C. Corpuz
Teacher III, Malvar National High School
Malvar, Batangas
 Mr. Ismael G. Gallardo
Teacher I, Community Vocational High School
Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
 Mr. Rufo G. Malla
Teacher II, E. A. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
 Mr. George B. Fuazo
Teacher II, Gen. Mariano Alvarez Technical High School
GMA, Cavite
Contextual Teacher:
English
 Mrs. Teresita P. Tanael
Teacher III, Gen. Mariano Alvarez Technical High School
GMA, Cavite
 Mrs. Charlie I. Soriano
Teacher I, Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science-Technology HS
Quezon City
Mathematics
 Mrs. Analiza Rosa P. Librada
Teacher I,-Mathematics Coordinator, San Pedro Relocation Center Nat’l. HS
San Pedro, Laguna
48
Science
 Mrs. Gemma G. Vallarta
Teacher III Science Coordinator, San Pedro Relocation Center Nat’l. HS
San Pedro, Laguna
 Mrs. Lenalyn Manzano
Teacher I, E A. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
Facilitators:
 Dr. Corazon L. Echano
TEC-VOC Task Force
 Dr. Victorio N. Medrano
TEC-VOC Task Force
 Dr. Orlando E. Manuel
TEC-VOC Task Force
Encoders:
 Marisol E. Saldivar
Funding: Department of Education

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TLE CES NC II Y2 - Module 3 - Interpreting Technical Drawing.doc

  • 1.
  • 2. ./ Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS Module No. 3 Module Title: Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing Used in Electronics Republic of the Philippines Department of Education PUBLIC TECHNICAL -VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS
  • 3. 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page How to Use this Module .................................................................................. 1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 2 Technical Terms.............................................................................................. 3 Learning Outcome 1: Identify Electronics Components.................................... 4  Learning Experiences/Activities............................................................. 5  Information Sheet 1.1 ............................................................................ 6  Self - Check 1.1 ................................................................................... 19 Learning Outcome 2: Interpret Electronic Diagrams ............................ 20  Learning Experiences/Activities........................................................... 21  Information Sheet 2.1 .......................................................................... 22  Self - Check 2.2 ................................................................................... 29  Self - Check Key 2.2............................................................................. 30 Learning Outcome 3: Prepare Electronic Diagrams. ...................................... 31  Learning Experiences/Activities........................................................... 32  Information Sheet 3.1 .......................................................................... 33  Information Sheet 3.2 .......................................................................... 34  Self - Check 3.1 .................................................................................. 35  Self – Check Key 3.1 ............................................................................ 36 Learning Outcome 4: Store Electronic Diagrams According to Established Policies ...................................................................................... 37  Learning Experiences/Activities …………………………………………….…..38  Information Sheet 4.1 .......................................................................... 39  Operation Sheet 4.1............................................................................. 40  Self - Check 4.1 ................................................................................... 41  Self – Check Key 4.1 ............................................................................ 42 Assessment Plan........................................................................................... 43 Observation and Questioning Checklist......................................................... 45 Demonstration.............................................................................................. 46 Written Report .............................................................................................. 47 Performance test ........................................................................................... 48 Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………. 49
  • 4. 1 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE Welcome to the Module “Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing Used in Electronics”. This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete. The unit of competency “Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing Used in Electronic” contains the knowledge, skills and desirable attitudes required for Consumer Electronics Servicing required to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level II. You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Information Sheets, Job Sheets, and Operation Sheets . Do these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at the end of each learning activity. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance. Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module because you have been working for some time; and already completed training in this area. If you can demonstrate competence to your teacher in a particular skill, talk to your teacher so you don’t have to undergo the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and relevant to this module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these for RPL. If you are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your teacher. After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your competence. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace. In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have more than one learning activity. This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information that will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in “Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing Used in Electronics” independently at your own pace with minimum supervision from your teacher.
  • 5. 2 Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS INTRODUCTION: This module contains information and suggested learning activities on “Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing Used in Electronics”. It covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing Used in Electronic . Completion of this module will help you better understand the succeeding module on terminating and connecting electrical wiring in electronic circuits. This module consists of four (4) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities supported by instructional sheets. Before you perform the instructions, read the information sheets and answer the self-check and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher that you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning outcome. Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for assessment to check your achievement of knowledge and skills requirements of this module. If you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of completion. SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of the module, you should be able to: LO1 identify electronic components; LO2 interpret electronic diagrams; LO3 prepare electronic diagrams; and LO4 store electronic diagrams based on established policies. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: Refer to the assessment criteria of learning outcomes 1-4 of this module. PREREQUISITES: Performing mensuration and calculation
  • 6. 3 TECHNICAL TERMS Anode. The positive electrode or terminal of a device. The “P” material of a diode. Cathode. The negative terminal electrode of a device. The “N” terminal in a junction diode. Color Code. Set of colors used to indicate value of a component. Diode. A two terminal device that conducts only in one direction. Light Emitting Diode. A semiconductor diode that converts electric energy into electromagnetic radiation at a visible and near infrared frequencies when its PN junction is forward biased. Output. Terminal at which a component, circuit or piece of equipment delivers current, voltage or power. Primary coil. First winding of a transformer that is connected to the source as opposed to secondary which is a winding connected to a load. Resistor. Component made of material that opposes the flow of current and therefore has some value of resistance. Schematic Diagram. Illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit with the components represented by their symbols.
  • 7. 4 Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS Module Title: Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing used in Electronics Learning Outcome1: Identify electronic components. Assessment Criteria 1. Electronic components are classified based on their specification. 2. Electronic components are identified based on their functions. References 1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics; Andes Mountain Printers: 2004 2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.: 2003
  • 8. 5 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES Learning Outcome 1: Identify electronic components. Learning Activities Special Instruction 1. Read the attached Information Sheet 1.1 2. Answer the self check 1.1 to determine how much you have learned. 3. Compare your answer with the answer key in the last page of this module. 4. If you missed some of the question, go back again to information sheet 1 5. If you have answered the question, you are ready to proceed to learning outcome 2  Try to answer the Self-Check without looking at the information sheet.
  • 9. 6 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1 Types and function of electronic components Resistor A resistor is a device with a known value of resistance. Its main function is to reduce voltage and to limit the flow of current in a circuit. This resistance is actually the opposition that a component or material offers to the flow of current. Resistance may or may not be useful in circuit/s. When too much current passes through a conductor, ( solid, liquid, gas through which electrons pass easily) the resistance of the conductor may cause it to become hot. This, in turn, can create a fire hazard or cause the conductor to burn out. In this case, it is not desirable. In other cases, when it is placed intentionally in the circuit, it performs its specific task. Symbol of Resistor Fixed Variable Fixed Resistors It is a single value resistance, that remains the same under the normal condition. The two common kinds of fixed resistors are the film resistor and wire-wound resistor. A Film Resistor Wire-wound Resistor
  • 10. 7 Variable Resistor Variable resistors are used when it is necessary to change the amount of resistance in a circuit. There are two common variable resistors: the potentiometer and the rheostat. Generally a potentiometer is generally has carbon resistive element while the rheostat is generally made of resistance wire. Carbon Composition Resistor Wire Wound Resistor Both devices have a sliding arm that brings into contact with the resistance element. In most variable resistors, The arm is attached to the shaft that can be adjusted Element changes. Three Terminals
  • 11. 8 A potentiometer is commonly used as control device. It can be used to vary the value of voltage applied to a certain circuit such as in the amplifier, television, and different kinds of meter circuit. Resistor Power Rating Power rating of resistors changes with their sizes, the bigger the resistor the greater the wattages and the smaller the resistor the lesser the wattage. Different sizes of resistors are shown below which are drawn to the exact proportion. RESISTOR COLOR CODING CHART Colors Digit Multiplier Tolerance Black 0 1 Brown 1 10 + & - 1% Red 2 100 + & - 2% Orange 3 1000 + & - 3& Yellow 4 10000 + & - 4% Green 5 100000 Blue 6 1000000 Violet 7 10000000 Gray 8 100000000 White 9 1000000000 Gold 0.1 + & - 5% Silver 0.01 + & - 10% No Color + & - 20% 2W 1W 1/2W 1/4W 1/8W
  • 12. 9 Note: The unit Resistance is ohm Ω - 999Ω and below KΩ- 1,000 Ω ( kilo ohms ) MΩ- 1,000,000 ( Mega Ohms ) The wattage rating of the resistor will identify the size of the resistor. The higher the wattage the bigger the size and the lower the wattage means the smaller the size. EXAMPLE: A resistor with the following colors: RED-GREEN-BROWN-GOLD First color – ( red ) 2 Second color – ( green ) 5 Multiplier – ( brown ) x 10 Tolerance – ( gold ) + & - 5 % To interpret: *2 and 5 will be placed near its other; 25 * then 25 will be multiplied by 10: 25 x 10 = 250Ω To Compute for the value of the tolerance in reference with the Upper limit and lower limit: + and – Tolerance color is gold which is equivalent to + and – 5% Then we convert 5% to decimal number which is .05 ( 5/100) Calculating: 250 x .05 = 12.5 Determining the upper limit which is + 5%: 250 + 12.5 = 262.5 And the lower limit is; 250 – 12.5 = 237.5
  • 13. 10 And finally… a resistor with the colors red, green, brown and gold Has this value 250Ω that can be up to 262.5Ω or can be as low 237.5Ω and can still be considered in good Condition. Capacitor A capacitor is a device that consists essentially of two conducting surfaces separated by a dielectric material like air, paper, mica, ceramic, glass, or mylar. It makes it possible to store electric energy. Electrons are detained within a capacitor. This, in effect, is stored electricity. It is known as electrical potential or an electrostatic field. Electrostatic field hold electrons. When the increase of electrons becomes great enough, the electrical potentials are now ready to be discharged. The component is designed intentionally to have a definite amount of capacitance. This capacitance is a property that exists whenever insulating material permits the storage of electricity. It is measured in Farad (F) micro Farad (uF), nano Farad (nF), and picoFarad (pF). Characteristics of Capacitor: 1. It can store electric charge even though the voltage source is already disconnected. 2. It can discharge electrical voltages.
  • 14. 11 Symbols of Capacitor OR Fixed Variable Polarized Common Types of Fixed Capacitor Common Types of Variable Capacitor Ceramic Disk Electrolytic Mica Air Capacitor Ganged Air Capacitor Mica Ganged Air Capacit or
  • 15. 12 Capacitor Application 1. Blocking 2. Coupling and Decoupling 3. Bypassing 4. Frequency Discrimination 5. Timing 6. Transient Voltage Suppression 7. Energy Storage 8. Arc Suppression 9. Power Factor Correction Capacitors uses number coding to for its value except for the electrolytic capacitor in which the values are printed on a much larger body. It includes the capacitance, the working voltage and a sign indicating the polarity. THE NUMBER CODING OF A CAPACITOR The number coding of a capacitor particularly the ceramic and the mylar type can be interpreted in this manner: The number coding is as follow: 103 The value can be interpreted by writing the first two numbers like 10 then the last number means the number of zeros corresponding the numeral. In this case it is 000. So it will be 10000 and the unit is picoFarad (pF). The value now will be 10,000pF and can be converted into the unit of microfarad ( mF ) by dividing the value by 1,000,000. Therefore 10000/1000000 .01 and the unit now becomes mF. CAPACITOR TROUBLES Capacitor also displays open and short characteristics. The procedure in checking this trouble is the same as that in other components or devices. However, since capacitor can store electrical energy, it is possible that leakage may occur during its operation. Remember 1. Capacitance is the capability of an electrical device to store electrical energy for a short period of time so it may be used as a filter in a power supply. 2. A capacitor blocks the flow of DC and allows AC
  • 16. 13 Semiconductor Diode It is a semiconductor device that contains two-electrode p-n junction. This diode is made of N-material and P-material (Positive and Negative devices) that are joined in a single package. A K Note: Observe closely the positive, the negative materials and the barrier (junction) size when it is at rest. Operation Of Diode A. Reverse-Biased By applying DC voltage to the electrodes (the two terminals), negative to the P-materials and positive to the N-materials, causes the attraction. In this operation the diode is not conducting because of the polarity applied to it. This P + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Symbol A K A = Anode K = Cathode Junction P+ ++ ++ -N -- -- -- Junction Figure No. 59
  • 17. 14 operation is called reverse-biased. The barrier is so large that the resistance becomes greater. The diode becomes an insulator. B. Forward-Biased By applying DC voltage to the electrodes, negative to the N-materials and positive to the P-materials, causes the repulsion. Pushing the N-materials and the P-materials to the junction, causing it to become thin. Because the barrier is so thin, it collapses, releasing the electrons to flow. In this operation the diode is conducting because of the polarity applied to it. This operation is called forward-biased. When barrier is thin, so the resistance become lesser. (The diode becomes a conductor, because we apply the right bias causing it to be in active state.) Junction P + + + + + N-- - - - Junction
  • 18. 15 Active State – It is the triggering voltage supply of all semiconductors.  0.7V for silicon diode  0.3V for germanium diode (crystal) Types of Diode, their symbol and their Uses 1. Signal Diode. It is used for high frequency range mostly for radio. 2. Rectifier Diode. It is used for low frequency range mostly for power supply. 3. Zener Diode. It is used for reference voltage mostly for regulator’s reference. 4, Light Emitting Diode (LED). It is used for light indictor mostly for running light effects.
  • 19. 16 Semiconductor It is a material which resists between the insulator and the conductor. The resistance is often changed by light, heat, or magnetic field. The particular characteristic of the semiconductor materials depend on its atomic structure, (It is the number and arrangement of electron) which allow their conductivity to be increased by adding impurity elements (It is the adding of foreign electrons, ions, or holes), the process is called doping. Doping is the intensified number of electron charges, ion charges, or hole charges that can be moved by an external supply voltage. For example when the amount of free electron (It is a result of a single loose electron that acquires energy and collides with the other planetary electrons that causes them to break away from the attraction of the nucleus and becomes free.) is increased, the doped semiconductor is N-type or negative; and when it is decreased the amount of free electron forms the P-type or positive. The Discovery of Semiconductor Devices The semiconductor was discovered in late 1873 when a certain rod or wire called selenium was used and it changes its electrical resistance when it was struck by light. Next in 1906 the first semiconductor crystal detector was invented. It consisted of a piece of crystalline galena and was used in a tune circuit and earphone that would permit reception of radio signal. Therefore, the first solid- state radio receiver, called the crystal set was invented. The achievement of the said device was short-lived, because of the invention of vacuum tube in 1920 that put the further studies into halt. Throughout, the vacuum tubes are more reliable because of the ability to amplify the detector output signal. Bardeen and Brattain invented the first transistor in 1947 and Bell laboratory produced the first successful transistor in 1948.
  • 20. 17 Samples of Semiconductor Components 1. Semiconductor Diode 2. Semiconductor Transistor 3. Integrated Circuit I.C Self Check # 3-1-1
  • 22. 19 SELF CHECK 1.1 TYPES AND FUNCTION OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS DIRECTION: Give at least five (5) electronic components and give its types and function
  • 23. 20 Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS. Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS Learning Outcome2: Interpret electronic diagram. Assessment Criteria 1. The electronic diagrams are identified according to the job requirements. 2. The equivalent components of the electronic symbols are identified. 3. The connection of the electronic symbols in a circuit is identified. References 1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics; Andes Mountain Printers: 2004 2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.: 2003
  • 24. 21 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES Learning Outcome 2: Interpret electronic diagram. Learning Activities Special Instruction 1. Read the attached Information Sheet 2.1 2. Answer Self-Check 2.1 3. Compare your answer with the model answer. 4. If you missed some of the questions, go back again to information sheet 2.1. 5. If you have answered the questions, you are ready to proceed to learning outcome 3. Try to answer the Self-Check without looking at the information sheet.
  • 25. 22 Information Sheet 2.1 Kinds of electronic diagram Pictorial diagram. It shows the pictures of the actual components and wiring connections although it does not provide the exact size of components. It shows exact shape in proportion to the actual one. Pictorial Diagram of a Regulated Power Supply Block Diagram. This form uses block rectangles or triangles to represent components, group of components or units of equivalent. Block diagrams are particularly used to represent internal components of an integrated circuit.
  • 26. 23 Schematic diagram. It shows the components used in their interconnection. Each graphic symbol is also accompanied with a reference designation to distinguish it from other similar symbols. It does not illustrate the physical size, shape or chassis location of the component parts and devices. Wiring diagram. It shows wiring connection in a simplified, easy to follow manner. It may show either internal or external connections or both and is usually drawn as simple as possible to trace out the connection of a circuit. The components of the circuit are identified by name or are represented by means of pictorial illustrations that do not follow any well-defined standard form.
  • 28. 25
  • 29. 26
  • 30. 27 Electronics Acronyms and Abbreviations AF – Audio Frequency AFC - Automatic Frequency Control AGC – Automatic Gain Control AM – Amplitude Modulation BW – Bandwidth CCTV – Closed Circuit Television CD – Compact Disc CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CPU – Central Processing Unit CRT – Cathode Ray Tube DIP – Dual-In-Line Package DPDT- Double Pole Double Throw DVD – Digital Video Disc FCC – Federal Communication Commission FET – Field Effect Transistor FM – Frequency Modulation Ge – Germanium IC – Integrated Circuit IF – Intermediate Frequency J-FET – Junction Field Effect Transistor LCD – Liquid Crystal Display LED – Light Emitting Diode MOS – Metal Oxide Semiconductor MOSFET – Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor MSI – Medium Scale Integration PC – Personal Computer PCB – Printed Circuit Board OP AMP – Operational Amplifier RAM – Random Access Memory ROM – Read Only Memory SIP – Single –In- line Package SSI – Small Scale Integration TRF – Tuned Radio Frequency
  • 31. 28 VHF – Very High Frequency VLF – Very Low Fequency VOM- Volt Ohm Milli Ammeter VT – Vacuum Tube VCR – Video Cassette Recorder VU – Volume Unit
  • 32. 29 SELF CHECK 2-2 Direction: Draw the schematic symbol of each of the components given below. RESISTOR SCHEMATIC SYMBOL 1.______________________________________ DIODE 2.______________________________________ CAPACITOR 3.______________________________________ TRANSISTOR 4._____________________________________ IC 5.______________________________________
  • 33. 30 SELF CHECK KEY 2.2 Electronic symbols 1. 3. 5. 2. 4.
  • 34. 31 Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS Learning Outcome 3: Prepare electronic diagrams. Assessment Criteria 1. The symbols used are appropriate to the electronic components. 2. Electronic diagrams are drawn based on the requirements of the job. 3. The diagrams drawn provide all the specifications required by the job. References 1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics; Andes Mountain Printers: 2004 2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.: 2003
  • 35. 32 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES Learning Outcome 2: Interpret electronic diagram. Learning Activities Special Instruction 1. Read the attached Information Sheet 3.1 2. Read the attached Information Sheet 3.2. 3. Answer the Self Check 3.1. 4. Compare your answer to the Self Check Key 3.1. 5. If you missed some of the question, go back again to Information Sheet 3.1. 6. If you have answered the question, you are ready to proceed to learning outcome 4. Try to answer the Self-Check without looking at the information sheet.
  • 36. 33 INFORMATION SHEET 3.1 Standard Diagrams in Electronics WIRING DIAGRAM PICTORIAL DIAGRAM SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM BLOCK DIAGRAM
  • 37. 34 INFORMATION SHEET 3.2 Guidelines in Drawing Diagrams Recommended practices to be used in the application of symbols to a circuit diagram are listed below. These practices are adapted from the United States of America Standard Institute publication, Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronic diagrams. 1. The position of a symbol on a diagram does not affect its meaning. 2. The weight of a line used in drawing does not affect its meaning. In some cases a heavier line may be used to emphasize a particular symbol. 3. A given symbol may be drawn in any size that is suitable for use in any particular symbol. 4. If necessary for contrast, some symbols may be drawn smaller or larger than the other symbols on a diagram. 5. In general, a connecting line should be brought to a symbol either vertically or horizontally, but a connecting line brought to a symbol at an angle has no particular significance unless noted otherwise. 6. The arrowhead symbol may be open (→) or closed (→) unless otherwise. 7. The standard symbol for a terminal ( 0 ) may be added to any symbol but when this is done, the terminal symbol should not be considered a part of the symbol itself.
  • 38. 35 SELF CHECK 3.1 Standard Diagrams in Electronics 1. _____________________________ 2._____________________________ 3.______________________________ 4.________________________________
  • 39. 36 SELF-CHECK KEY 3.1 Standard Diagrams in Electronics 1. Wiring Diagram 2. Schematic Diagram 3. Pictorial Diagram 4. Block Diagram
  • 40. 37 Learning Outcome 4: Store electronic diagrams according to established policies Assessment Criteria 1. Electronic diagrams are recorded and an inventory is prepared. 2. Proper storage of diagram is undertaken. References 1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics; Andes Mountain Printers: 2004 2. Enriquez, Marcelo T. Electronics Technology IV; Souvenir Publications, Inc.: 2003 Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II Unit of Competency: PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS Module Title: PREPARING AND INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING USED IN ELECTRONICS
  • 41. 38 LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES Learning Outcome 4: Store electronic diagrams based on established [policies. Learning Activities Special Instruction 1. Read the attached Information Sheet 4.1. 2. Answer the Self-Check 4.1. 3. Compare your answer to the model answers. 4. If you missed some of the question, go back again to the Information Sheet 4.1. 5. If you have answered the questions, you are ready to proceed to another module. Try to answer the Self-Check without looking at the information sheet.
  • 42. 39 INFORMATION SHEET 4.1 Recording of electronic diagrams What is an electronic diagram records management? Electronic diagram record management is efficient in recording stored systems. The key to electronic diagram record management is to be able to support and to avoid any damage on a diagram for the future purposes. Application of Electronic Diagram Records follow these stages: 1. Identify various schematic diagram needs for the existing lesson. 2. Maintain currently active records in primary storage, on line or immediately available. 3. Migrate semi-active or in active records to less expensive, slower storage media. 4. Identify records that are eligible for disposition or deletion, erasure, or transfer to other location. Creating Electronic Diagram Record systems Electronic diagram record keeping systems must have accurately documented policies, assigned responsibilities, and formal methodologies for the shop management. Electronic diagram record-keeping system must meet the following criteria: 1. Consistent. Record diagram keeping systems must process information in a manner that assures that the diagrams they create are credible. 2. Complete. Content structure, and context generated by the service manual. 3. Accurate. Quality controlled at input to ensure the information in the electronic diagram record system correctly reflects what was given by the service manual. 4. Preserved. Records must continue to reflect content, structure, and context within any system by which the records are retained any time, where it is being used.
  • 43. 40 OPERATION SHEET 4.1 Proper Storage of Electronic Diagram 1. Download the schematic diagram to your laptop/personal computer for storage purposes. 2. Transfer the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the cd disk for storage purposes. 3. Copy the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the USB for storage purposes. 4. All the schematic diagram and service manual are placed inside the exclusive cabinet of the shop.
  • 44. 41 SELF CHECK 4.1 Recording of Electronics Diagram Directions: Answer the following questions below. 1-5.) What is an electronic diagram record management? 6-10) Give at least 3 criteria for electronic diagram record management.
  • 45. 42 SELF CHECK KEY 4.1 Recording of Electronics Diagram 1-5.) What is electronic diagram records management? Electronic record diagram management is efficient in record-storing systems. The key to electronic diagram record management is to be able to support and to avoid any damage on a diagram for the future purposes. 6. Consistent. Record diagram keeping systems must process information in a manner that assures that the diagrams they create are credible. 7. Complete. Is a content structure, and context generated by the service manual. 8. Accurate. Quality controlled at input to ensure the information in the electronic diagram record system correctly reflects what was given by the service manual. 9-10.Preserved.Records must continue to reflect content, structure, and context within any system by which the records are retained any time, where its being used.
  • 46. 43 ASSESSMENT PLAN Direction: Put a check on designated box if you perform the following criteria YES NO  Electronic components are specified according to their jobs.  Electronic components are identified based on their functions.  Electronic components which do not conformed to the quality standard are identified and marked for disposal  Electronic diagram are identified according to job requirements.  The equivalent components of the electronic symbols are identified.  The connection of the electronic symbols in a circuit is identified  The symbols used are appropriate to the electronic components.  Electronic diagrams are drawn based on the requirements of the job.  The diagrams drawn provide all the specifications required by the job.  Electronic diagrams are recorded and an inventory is prepared.  Proper storage of diagram is undertaken.   Prepared by: Date: Checked by: Date:
  • 47. 44 Observation Checklist Students name: Teachers name: Name of School Competency standards Unit of competency: Instructions for the teacher: 1. Observe the student in preparing and interpreting technica drawing used in electronics. 2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was undertaken. 3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student completed each aspect of the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise. 4. Complete the feedback sections of the form. Date of observation Description of assessment activity Location of assessment activity The Student can.. If yes, tick the box  Specify electronic components according to their jobs.  identify electronic components based on their functions  identify and mark for disposal electronic components which do not conform to quality standard  identify electronic diagram according to job requirements  identify electronic symbols and equivalent components  identify the connection of the symbols in a circuit.  Use symbols appropriate for electronic components  D.raw electronic diagrams based on the requirements of the job.  Draw diagrams that provides all the specs required by the job.  Record electronic diagrams and prepare an inventory  Undertake proper storage of diagram. Did the student overall performance meet the standard? Yes No Feedback to student Teachers signature: Date:
  • 48. 45 Observation and Questioning Checklist Student’s name: Teacher’s name: Assessment Center Competency standards Unit of competency: Instructions for the teacher: 1. Observe the student in preparing and interpreting technica drawing used in electronics. 2. Describe the assessment activity and the date on which it was undertaken. 3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student has completed each aspect of the activity to the standard expected in the enterprise. 4. Ask the student a selection of the questions from the attached list to confirm his/her underpinning knowledge 5. Place a tick in the box to show that the student has answered the questions correctly. 6. Complete the feedback sections of the form. Date of observation Description of assessment activity Location of assessment activity The student can.. If yes, tick the box  specify electronics components according to their functions.  identify electronic diagrams according to job requirements  use symbols appropriate for electronic components.  draw electronic diagrams based on the requirements of the job.  identify the connection of the electronic symbols in the circuit.  draw diagrams that provide all the specs required by the job.  undertake proper storage of diagrams. Did the student’s overall performance meet the standard? Yes No
  • 49. 46 Demonstration Students name: Teachers name: Unit of competency: Competency standards: Date of assessment: Time of assessment: Instructions for demonstration Given the necessary materials the trainee/student must be able to: prepare electronic diagrams Materials and equipment: Instruments: Materials: Drawing Board Drawing Paper Ruler Actual Electronic Components HB Pencil  to show if evidence is demonstrated During the demonstration of skills, did the student: Yes No N/A Identify electronic components according to their function?    Interpret electronic diagrams?    Prepare electronic diagrams with complete specs?    Store electronic diagrams based on established policies?    The student’s demonstration was: Satisfactory  Not Satisfactory 
  • 50. 47 Written report Student’s name: Teacher’s name: Assessment Center Competency standards Unit of competency: Task: Your task is to: Prepare and interpret an electronic diagram Submission date: Use the checklist below as a basis for judging whether the student’s report meets the required competency standards. The student’s report can…. If yes, tick the box  Identify electronic components based specified jobs.  Interpret electronic diagrams based on the requirements of the job.  Prepare electronic diagrams with complete specs.  Use symbols appropriate for electronic components.  Record diagrams and prepare an inventory.  Undertake proper storage of electronic diagrams. Overall did the student’s report meet the standard? Yes No Comments: Student’s signature: Date: Teacher’s signature: Date:
  • 51. 48 PERFORMANCE TEST Student Name Date Competency: Test Attempt 1st 2nd 3rd Directions: Ask your teacher to assess your performance in the following critical task and performance criteria below You will be rated based on the overall evaluation on the right side. OVERALL EVALUATION Level Achiev ed PERFORMANCE LEVELS 4 - Can perform this skill without direct supervision and with initiative and adaptability to problem situations. 3 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily without direct assistance or supervision. 2 - Can perform this skill satisfactorily but requires some assistance and/or supervision. 1 - Can perform parts of this skill satisfactorily, but requires considerable assistance and/or supervision. Instructor will put his/her initial level achieved. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS For acceptable achievement, check YES, for unachieved skill, check NO and for a skill displayed inappropriately, Check N/A Yes No N/ A Electronic components were identified based on their functions. Appropriate symbols were used with the electronics components. Electronic diagrams were identified according to job requirements. Electronic diagrams were prepared based on the requirements of the job. Diagrams that provide complete specs were drawn as required by the job. Electronic diagrams were recorded and an inventory was prepared. Proper storage of the diagram was undertaken.
  • 52. 46 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Copyright Department of Education 2008 First Published JUNE 2008 This module is based on the Competency-Based Curriculum-Contextual Learning Matrix (CBC-CLM) and finalized on the Instructional Modules Finalization Development Workshop conducted at the Development Academy of the Philippines, Tagaytay City on May 6 -10, 2008 This learning instrument was developed by the following personnel: Technology Teachers:  Mr. Vic P. Diola – Group Leader Bauan Technical High School  Dr. Gilbert M. Castor Don Alejandro Roses Sr. Science-Technology High School  Mr. Eddielou L. Dayao Sanchez Mira School of Arts and Trade  Mr. Rufo G. Malla E. Rodriguez Vocational High School  Mr. Sherwin P. Medrano San. Pedro Relocation Center National High School  Mr. Remar C. Pinsoy Baguio National School of Arts and Trade Contextual Teacher: Mrs. Daisy Carousel P. Cervantes Don Alejandro Roses Sr. Science-Technology High School Facilitators:  Dr. Edward dela Rosa TEC-VOC Task Force  Dr. Corazon L. Echano TEC-VOC Task Force Encoders:  Mrs. Rosario D. Briones  Mr. Mhariel L. Echano  Mr. Jason O. Villena Funding: Department of Education
  • 53. 47 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Copyright Department of Education 2009 First Published JUNE 2008 This module is based on the Competency-Based Curriculum-Contextual Learning Matrix (CBC-CLM) refined during the Writeshop on the Refinement and Enrichment of Competency-Based Curriculum and Contextual Learning Matrix of ARTS abd TRADES Specializations at Marikina Hotel, Marikina City on April 20 – 25, 2009. This learning instrument was refined and enriched by the following educators: Technology Teachers:  Mr. Victorino P. Diola – Group Leader TVE Coordinator, Bauan Technical High School Bauan, Batangas  Mr. Reynaldo C. Cunanan Head Teacher VI, E. A. Rodriguez Vocational High School Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila  Mrs. Gigi C. Corpuz Teacher III, Malvar National High School Malvar, Batangas  Mr. Ismael G. Gallardo Teacher I, Community Vocational High School Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro  Mr. Rufo G. Malla Teacher II, E. A. Rodriguez Vocational High School Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila  Mr. George B. Fuazo Teacher II, Gen. Mariano Alvarez Technical High School GMA, Cavite Contextual Teacher: English  Mrs. Teresita P. Tanael Teacher III, Gen. Mariano Alvarez Technical High School GMA, Cavite  Mrs. Charlie I. Soriano Teacher I, Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science-Technology HS Quezon City Mathematics  Mrs. Analiza Rosa P. Librada Teacher I,-Mathematics Coordinator, San Pedro Relocation Center Nat’l. HS San Pedro, Laguna
  • 54. 48 Science  Mrs. Gemma G. Vallarta Teacher III Science Coordinator, San Pedro Relocation Center Nat’l. HS San Pedro, Laguna  Mrs. Lenalyn Manzano Teacher I, E A. Rodriguez Vocational High School Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila Facilitators:  Dr. Corazon L. Echano TEC-VOC Task Force  Dr. Victorio N. Medrano TEC-VOC Task Force  Dr. Orlando E. Manuel TEC-VOC Task Force Encoders:  Marisol E. Saldivar Funding: Department of Education