Describes about the addressing in networking

2. Pesented By ,
Geethu Jose
Iiird Bsc (Cs)

3. IP ADDRESSING
MAC ADDRESSING
PORT ADDRESSING

4. IP (Internet Protocol) address
• Device used by routers, to select best
path from source to destination, across
networks and internetworks
• Network layer address, consisting of
NETWORK portion, and HOST portion
• Logical address, assigned in software
by network administrator

5. • Part of a hierarchical ‘numbering
scheme’ - unique, for reliable
routing
• May be assigned to a host
pc, or router port

6. • Static address
• Dynamic address

7. • manually input by network administrator
• manageable for small networks
• requires careful checks to avoid
duplication

8. • assigned by server when host boots
• derived automatically from a range of
addresses
• duration of ‘lease’ negotiated, then address
released back to server

9. • Class A - large organizations
, governments
• Class B - medium sized organizations
• Class C - small organizations

10. •1st octet = network address, octets 2-4 =
host address
•1st bits of 1st octet set to 0
•up to (2^24 - 2)
host addresses (16.8M)
124.224.224.100
01111100
11100000
11100000
01100100

11. •1st 2 octets = network address, octets 3-4 =
host address
•1st 2 bits of 1st octet set to 10
•up to (2^16 - 2)
host addresses (65534)
129.224.224.100
10000001
11100000
11100000
01100100

12. •1st 3 octets = network address, octet 4 =
host address
•1st 3 bits of 1st octet set to 110
•up to (2^8 - 2)
host addresses (254)
193.224.224.100
11000001
11100000
11100000
01100100

14. •A hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of
a network.
•
In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC)
Layer of the OSI.
Model is divided into two sub-layers
1. Logical Link Control (LLC) layer
2. Media Access Control (MAC) layer
• The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network
medium. Consequently, each different type of network
medium requires a different MAC layer.

15. • The chance to see the MAC address is very difficult for
any of your equipment.
• Software that helps your computer communicate with a
network takes care of matching the MAC address to a
logical address.
• If you'd like to see the MAC address and logical address
used by the Internet Protocol (IP) for your Windows
computer, you can run a small program that Microsoft
provides.

16. • Go to the "Start" menu, click on "Run," and in the
window
that
appears,
type
WINIPCFG
(IPCONFIG/ALL for Windows 2000/XP).
• When the gray window appears, click on
"More Info" and you'll get information.

17. • There are many application running on the
computer. Each application run with a port
no.(logically) on the computer.
• This port no. for application is decided by the
Karnal of the OS.
• This port no. is called port address

18. • A port number is part of the addressing
information used to identify the senders and
receivers of messages.
• Port numbers are most commonly used
withtcp/ip connections.
•These port numbers allow different
applications on the same computer to share
network resources simultaneously.

19. • Port numbers are associated with network addresses.
• in TCP/IP networking, bothTCP and UDP utilize their own
set of ports that work together with IP addresses.
•In both TCP and UDP, port numbers start at 0 and go up to
65535.
•Numbers in the lower ranges are dedicated to common
Internet protocols (like 21 forFTP and 80 for HTTP).

20. When You May Need to Take Action with Port
Numbers
• network administrators may need to set up port
forwarding to allow the port numbers of specific
applications to pass through a firewall. On home
networks, broadband routerssupport port forwarding
on their configuration screens.
• network programmers sometimes need to specify
port numbers in their code, such as insocket
programming.

21. • sometimes, a Web site URL will require a
specific TCP port number be included. For
example, http://localhost:8080/ uses TCP
port 8080. Again, this is more usually seen
in software development environments
than on the Internet.