Presentation at 3rd GRF One Health Summit 2015 Session Plenary I: One Health and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

1. Ebolavirus
Ecology and antiviral strategies
Ayato Takada
Hokkaido University
Research Center for Zoonosis Control
IRIDeS Plenary Session in One Health Summit 2015
Davos. October 5, 2015

2. Filovirus
Ebolavirus
Marburgvirus
Cuevavirus
Bundibugyo ebolavirus (2008)
Tai Forest ebolavirus (1994)
Zaire ebolavirus (1995)
Zaire ebolavirus (1976)
Reston ebolavirus (1989)
Reston ebolavirus (1992)
Sudan ebolavirus (1976)
Sudan ebolavirus (1979)
Lloviu virus (2011)
Marburg marburgvirus (2005)
Marburg marburgvirus (1980)
100
Species Genus
Marburgvirus
Ebolavirus
Cuevavirus

3. Angola
Kenya
RC
Gabon
Uganda
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Zaire ebolavirus
Marburgvirus
Sudan ebolavirus
Taï Forest ebolavirus
Bundibugyo ebolavirus
South
Sudan
2001-02, 02-03, 03, 05
2004-05
DRC
1976, 79, 2004
1975
1996
1975
1994, 96, 96-97, 2001-02
2000-01, 11, 12
2007
2007, 12
1980, 87
1976, 77, 95, 2007, 08-09
2012
1998-2000
Guinea
Cote
d’Ivoire
Liberia
Sierra Leone Nigeria
2014 2014
1994
2014
2014Senegal
2014
2014
Mali
Filovirus diseases in Africa (～2014)

4. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

5. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

6. Bundibugyo ebolavirus (2008)
Tai Forest ebolavirus (1994)
Zaire ebolavirus (1995)
Zaire ebolavirus (1976)
Reston ebolavirus (1989)
Reston ebolavirus (1992)
Sudan ebolavirus (1976)
Sudan ebolavirus (1979)
Lloviu virus (2002)
Marburg marburgvirus (2005)
Marburg marburgvirus (1980)
100
human, monkey
human
human, monkey（fruit bat, duiker, dog)
human
monkey, pig (human, fruit bat)
human, monkey, fruit bat
Filovirus species
insectivorous bat
Animals
Filoviruses and infected animals

7. PLoS Pathogens
Vol. 5, 2009

9. Virus-specific antibodies (IgG), but not viral
genome, are continuously detected in bats
PC
PC
Ndola
Suesueman (FB)Ndola Kasanka

10. Bundibugyo ebolavirus (2008)
Tai Forest ebolavirus (1994)
Zaire ebolavirus (1995)
Zaire ebolavirus (1976)
Reston ebolavirus (1989)
Reston ebolavirus (1992)
Sudan ebolavirus (1976)
Sudan ebolavirus (1979)
Lloviu virus (2011)
Marburg marburgvirus (2005)
Marburg marburgvirus (1980)
100
種 属
Marburgvirus
Ebolavirus
Cuevavirus
Species Genus

11. Distribution of filoviruses?

12. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

13. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

14. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based
recombinant vaccine
VSV
GNP VP35 VP40 LGP VP30 VP24
Ebolavirus
GP

15. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based
recombinant vaccine
NP VP35 VP40 LGP VP30 VP24
Ebolavirus
GP
VSV-EBOV
N P M LGP

17. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

18. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

19. Genetic engineering of monoclonal antibodies for
antibody therapy
Mouse Chimeric HumanHumanized
Fc
Fab
Derived from
mouse
Derived from
mouse

23. Bundibugyo ebolavirus (2008)
Tai Forest ebolavirus (1994)
Zaire ebolavirus (1995)
Zaire ebolavirus (1976)
Reston ebolavirus (1989)
Reston ebolavirus (1992)
Sudan ebolavirus (1976)
Sudan ebolavirus (1979)
Lloviu virus (2011)
Marburg marburgvirus (2005)
Marburg marburgvirus (1980)
100
種 属
Marburgvirus
Ebolavirus
Cuevavirus
・ Due to the large antigenic difference among ebolavirus species,
previously tested antibodies are only effective against Zaire ebolavirus
・Outbreaks with other ebolaviruses (i.e., Sudan and Bundibugyo)
repeatedly occur in Central Africa.
Phylogenetic relationship among filoviruses

24. Nucleotide analogs
Brincidofovir
Lamivudine
Favipiravir

27. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

28. Natural host
Vaccine and therapy
Diagnosis

29. Diagnosis of EVD
・Virus isolation
・Viral RNA detection（PCR, LAMP）
・Antibody detection（ELISA）
・Antigen detection（Immunochromatography）
PC
PC
Ndola
Suesueman (FB)Ndola Kasanka

30. • Lack of appropriate field adapted tests
• Other diseases with similar symptoms
• Characteristics of regions that have
recorded large outbreaks:
oRemote areas
oLimited medical, public health, transportation
and communication infrastructure
oDelayed confirmatory diagnosis
oIncreased secondary transmission
• Early diagnosis requires antigen detection
test that is simple, stable and rapid
Challenges to filovirus diagnosis

31. Immunochromatography kit for EVD diagnosis

32. Rapid diagnosis kit for EVD diagnosis

33. What we have to do against Ebola
• To find natural reservoirs and/or potential
carrier hosts.
• Development of antiviral treatments.
• Establishment of the early diagnosis system.
• Education: Dissemination of knowledge.

34. Hokkaido University Research Center
for Zoonosis Control
Hirohito Ogawa
Yuka Suzuki
Emiko Nakagawa
Akihiro Ishii
Reiko Yoshida
Masahiro Kajihara
Mieko Muramatsu
Makoto Kuroda
Junki Maruyama
Naganori Nao
Rashid Manzoor
Hiroko Miyamoto
Ayaka Yokoyama
Yasuhiko Suzuki
Kimihito Ito
Manabu Igarashi
Hirofumi Sawa
Chihiro Sugimoto
Ichiro Nakamura
Keita Matsuno
Funding:
・The Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases (J-GRID), Global COE
Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
・Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) from JST/JICA,
Japan
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Eri Nakayama
Masayuki Saijo
Shigeru Morikawa
University of Zambia
Aaron Mweene
Edgar Simulundu
Katendi Changula
Institut National de Recherche
Biomédicale
Jean-Jacques Muyembe
Stomy Karhemere bi Shamamba
Jastin Masumu
Jimmy Kapetshi
National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases
Heinz Feldmann
Andrea Marzi
Hideki Ebihara
Acknowledgments