This document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research involves systematic procedures like questionnaires and scales to measure variables and test relationships between variables statistically. It generally requires large sample sizes to generalize findings to populations. Qualitative research explores human experiences to understand behaviors and interpret their meanings through descriptive, inductive, and interpretive approaches. Both methods are useful for designing studies, reading other research, and gathering related information.

1. Quantitative methods
and experimental
design
Research methods

2. Why do we
need research
methods?.
• Research is very close to science
• In other words, academician in the
behavioral sciences believes in the
research methods of science to
collect and interpret the
information.

3. For example?
• Suppose that a psychologist wanted to see
whether a children were raised from
different characteristics of a mother
(working mother vs full-time mother) would
have grown differently, in terms of their self
– efficacy, emotional control, or kid and
mother attachment. The psychologist would
develop an instrument and analyse the data,
so the results can be reduced from the bias,
instead of giving an interpretation
subjectively.

4. Another reason why we must take research
method?
• Design a study
• Once you have learned about research
method, it’d be useful if you design your
study soon.
• Reading and evaluating other People’s studies
• Having strong fundamental concept of
research methods and the terminology as
well will allow you to read and understand
research articles.
• Gathering and evaluating information around
you that related to your study

5. Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative research explores the side of human experience to understand
the background or reasons for the emergence of such behavior.
In addition, qualitative research also wants to interpret the meaning of a
behavior.
The characteristics of qualitative
research include:
Inductive
Descriptive
Interpretive

6. Quantitative Research Methods
Quantitative research involves formal or systematic procedures in gathering
information to be measured.
The procedure is in the form of a questionnaire, scale, and also uses statistical
analysis.
This approach can be used to describe a relationship between variables and test
the significance of the relationship.
Further, quantitative approaches are used to test causal relationships between
variables.

7. Quantitative
Research
Methods
• Generally quantitative research requires a
relatively large number of samples (n).
• It aims to generalize research findings to
population groups.
• As such, the findings of quantitative research
must be relevant and useful in large population
groups.
• Quantitative research requires a description of
the data using statistical analysis, whether it is
only a description of the data, even to the level
of decision making (inferential statistics).

8. Types of Quantitative Research
Quantitative
Non
Experimental
Univariate
Descriptive
Bivariate /
Multivariate
Correlation; Regression
Experimental
Single Design Two Designs
Multiple
Designs

9. Qualitative
and
Quantitative
Research
Paradigms